In order to effectively solve the root cause of soil erosion in strength engineering construction in China, it is necessary to study and analyze the application of soil and water conservation measures in water conservancy projects. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of soil erosion in water conservancy project construction, then expounds the role of soil and water conservation in water conservancy project, and finally discusses the measures of soil and water conservation in water conservancy project. Keywords: water conservancy project; Soil erosion; Soil and water conservation; Reservoir; Characteristics of soil erosion in water conservancy project construction (1) Water conservancy projects with strong time concentration include several stages of preparation, construction and operation, and each stage has soil erosion problems. According to many years' construction experience, soil erosion in water conservancy project construction mainly occurs in the construction stage. In engineering construction, drainage ditch excavation, construction and mechanical operation, etc. The disturbance range is wide, the excavation face is scattered, and the amount of waste slag is large, which causes disturbance and damage to the original landform to a certain extent, reduces the anti-corrosion ability of topsoil, and also destroys the ecological balance between topsoil and vegetation, which is easy to form soil erosion. (2) Some large-scale water conservancy construction projects with greater destructive intensity, such as irrigation projects, water conveyance projects and other linear water conservancy projects, have long lines, ranging from tens of kilometers short to hundreds of kilometers long. In the process of construction, some of them have seriously damaged the surface, and many soils with good performance have been destroyed, some of which may be permanently lost and cannot be repaired, and some important vegetation will disappear due to soil destruction. (3) Some potential water conservancy projects will be destroyed underground during construction. After a period of erosion, the hazards caused by various soil erosion will gradually appear and have potential. The potential of soil erosion is difficult to predict, which not only affects the ecological environment, but also brings difficulties to prevention and control. (4) Soil erosion caused by water conservancy projects usually covers not only a natural area or an administrative area, but also a combination of points, lines and areas, covering a wide range and involving several natural areas or administrative areas. Second, the role of soil and water conservation in water conservancy projects Correct soil and water conservation measures can promote the construction and development of water conservancy projects. Implementing soil and water conservation measures in the process of water conservancy project construction can not only protect the construction unit from construction in a safe environment, but also effectively improve the construction quality after water conservancy project construction, improve the flood control ability of buildings and strengthen the whole water conservancy project construction. (1) Reduce the occurrence of flood disasters. Soil and water conservation can maintain or increase soil infiltration, and some engineering soil and water conservation measures can also intercept runoff. On the one hand, it can reduce flood peak and improve flood control ability in flood season; On the other hand, it can supplement runoff and reduce the interannual variation of runoff in dry season. (2) Improving the soil and water conservation benefits of water conservancy projects can reduce the amount of soil erosion. Many soil and water conservation facilities can also stop mud and drag sand, increase the water storage capacity of ponds and reservoirs, improve the benefit of water conservancy projects, reduce the siltation of reservoirs, lakes and rivers, and prolong the service life of reservoirs. (3) Disaster reduction, reducing the damage to soil and water conservation, can reduce the occurrence of landslides, mudslides and other disasters, thus reducing the damage rate of landslides and mudslides to water conservancy projects. (D) Soil and water conservation can improve the quality of water environment according to local conditions, and further promote the construction of ecologically clean small watersheds. According to the new idea of soil and water conservation that clean small watersheds should focus on water source protection, we should build three lines of defense: ecological restoration, ecological management and ecological protection, and comprehensively promote the comprehensive management of small watersheds. Small watershed management should follow the principle of good ecology and development of production, closely combine with the construction of new countryside, comprehensively allocate various measures, rationally arrange, and implement synchronous management of sewage, garbage, toilets, rivers and environment to form a well-structured and powerful overall protection system, so as to achieve the purposes of maintaining water quality, protecting water sources, improving the environment and promoting production. Three. Measures for soil and water conservation of water conservancy projects (1) Measures for prevention and control of soil and water loss in reservoir hub area; The excavation face can be used as a preventive measure, that is, comprehensive utilization of the excavation face for prevention and control. For example, the excavated stone slag can be used for site leveling of the factory, filling of the filling section of the road into the factory, and stacking of temporary retaining walls. The green covering soil in the project area can be replaced by earthwork, especially topsoil, because this soil has high organic matter content; Junction between dam and mountain, back side of power plant, excavation slope, etc. , mortar masonry set drainage measures. (2) A large part of the reason for soil erosion is the lack of vegetation. According to the National Regulations on Soil and Water Conservation, in areas with serious soil erosion, we should actively take measures to return farmland to forests and grasslands, expand vegetation coverage, strengthen ecological environment construction, make efficient use of soil and water resources, and strive to solve the problem of soil erosion from the source. (III) Using science and technology to improve the rate of soil and water conservation The state should increase scientific and technological investment in soil and water conservation prevention and planning, introduce advanced technology, establish a soil and water conservation system, strengthen education and training for local residents, and improve their understanding of soil and water conservation. We should also cooperate and exchange with foreign countries, introduce technologies suitable for soil and water conservation in China, and improve the management level of soil and water conservation by improving the technical level. (IV) Soil and water conservation measures for the construction of temporary land occupation prevention and control areas should be fully restored after the construction of temporary land occupation prevention and control areas is completed. Therefore, the topsoil should be stripped in layers, piled up in a centralized way and covered for protection. After the site is leveled in the construction preparation period, drainage ditches should be arranged around the site to intercept the incoming water from the nearby ground, collect the rainwater in the construction layout area, and then discharge it into the nearby rivers for future recovery. At the beginning of the project construction, the school park in the construction living area will be afforested, and the greening measures mainly include planting grass and flowers. The selection of grass species should fully consider the climate, soil properties, hydrological conditions, biological species and other factors where the water conservancy project is located. The temporary drainage in the temporary construction area mainly includes three parts: construction roads, construction production stacking areas and topsoil storage areas. Temporary drains are set on both sides of temporary roads, and temporary drains are set on finished product yards, finished product platforms and building aggregate yards. (V) Prevention and control measures of the storage yard The location of the storage yard should take up as little area outside the construction area as possible, so it should be selected in the mountainous areas or river valleys with good geological conditions in the reservoir area as far as possible. During the construction of the material yard, in order to ensure the construction safety and effectively carry out soil and water conservation, a masonry retaining wall should be set up, drainage measures should be taken, and the slope should be excavated in stages to keep the slope stable. After the construction of the yard is completed, different preventive measures should be taken according to the specific location of the yard. For example, it is located in the flooded area of the reservoir, and only the site is leveled after the quarry is mined. (VI) Measures for soil and water conservation of waste residue field During the construction of water conservancy projects, waste residue is generated from slope cutting and canal digging of dam foundation and abutment, and improper treatment of waste residue field will cause soil erosion. Soil and water conservation engineering measures of waste residue field include: retaining wall, drainage engineering, slope protection, soil covering and land leveling. 1. The waste soil, stones and wastes in the retaining wall waste yard are mostly loose soil, sand and gravel, which are easy to cause soil erosion when washed by rain. In order to effectively control soil erosion in the prevention and control area of waste dump, retaining walls can be built for protection. The retaining wall follows the engineering measure of "retaining first and then abandoning", which can not only stabilize the slope, but also prevent the erosion of solid deposits and covering soil, as well as the collapse and collapse of steep slopes. It is the first safeguard measure of soil and water conservation in the dump. 2. Drainage works Drainage works include side ditches, drainage ditches, road intercepting ditches, flood drainage culverts, stilling basins, aprons and other engineering facilities. For example, a flood drainage culvert is set at the bottom of the spoil ground, a drainage ditch is set at the junction of the slope protection of the spoil ground and the surrounding terrain, and a longitudinal drainage ditch is set on the slope surface of the spoil ground to form a complete slope drainage system, which reduces the erosion of the spoil ground by rainwater and increases the stability of the slope. 3. Slope protection is divided into two parts: upstream slope protection and downstream slope protection of dump. The upstream slope protection generally adopts dry masonry slope protection at the entrance of flood discharge culvert, and the waste slag adopts layered rolling method; After the downstream slope is formed, it should be covered with soil to facilitate the restoration and construction of vegetation. 4. Cover the soil and level the land. When the waste residue is piled up, the slope should be cut and graded to level the land. During the construction of the spoil ground, the stone slag should be piled at the bottom of the spoil ground first, and the earthwork should be covered above the stone slag. When the slag reaches the design elevation, the slag top should be leveled to facilitate greening. Conclusion To sum up, soil and water conservation has always been an important issue related to people's livelihood development and economic environment. In the process of water conservancy project construction, soil and water conservation is very important. Protecting China's water resources can effectively curb the reduction of China's land area.

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