The industrial injury insurance system established by human beings to resist occupational injuries has gone through the history of 100 years. Work-related injury insurance is mainly used for compensation in the initial stage, and gradually moves towards active work-related injury insurance focusing on controlling the source of accidents and prevention. Work injury prevention, work injury rehabilitation and work injury compensation have become the three major tasks of work injury insurance. Industrial injury prevention has become the basic feature of modern industrial injury insurance. Prevention priority is to carry out industrial injury insurance in the sequential chain of prevention, rehabilitation and compensation. It has become the mainstream of international industrial injury insurance development to implement active industrial injury prevention in the operation system of industrial injury insurance.
In 2003, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Industrial Injury Insurance, which clearly put forward the legislative purpose of "promoting industrial injury prevention" and established the important position of industrial injury prevention in the industrial injury insurance system. With the implementation of Industrial Injury Insurance Regulations, industrial injury prevention has been put on the work agenda. One of the important goals of China's industrial injury insurance system reform is to establish an industrial injury insurance system that embodies people-oriented and prevention-oriented.
It is of great significance to do a good job in work-related injury prevention. First, as the prevention of work-related injuries, it can reduce the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases and effectively protect the safety and health of workers. For workers, it is better not to have or have fewer industrial accidents than to compensate them after the accidents have caused injuries. From this point of view, work injury prevention is the best guarantee for the safety and health of workers. The work-related injury insurance policy includes work-related injury prevention, which fully embodies people-oriented and is a positive work-related injury insurance policy. According to statistics, nearly 20,000 people die in industrial accidents every year in China, and the number of lifelong disabled people exceeds 65,438+10,000, which has caused great damage to people's lives and health. Do a good job in prevention and strengthen safety management, and most of the existing accidents can be avoided. Second, doing a good job in work-related injury prevention can reduce the loss of material wealth and the expenditure of work-related injury insurance fund, thus reducing the total economic loss of society. According to the estimation of international labor experts, the economic loss caused by occupational injuries accounts for about 2% of a country's gross national product every year. Therefore, doing a good job in preventing and reducing accidents can greatly reduce the economic expenditure caused by accidental injuries. At the same time, accidents are reduced, the number of workers injured at work is reduced, and the treatment and rehabilitation expenses and economic compensation for workers injured at work will also be reduced, which is conducive to the more effective use of the fund. Third, doing a good job in work-related injury prevention can be conducive to the development of enterprises and promote social stability. Industrial injury prevention reduces unsafe management and technical factors in enterprises, enhances the safety image of enterprises, and is conducive to the competitive development of enterprises in the market economy; Reducing the rate of industrial accidents will also greatly reduce all kinds of disputes caused by industrial accidents, reduce social instability factors, and help build a harmonious socialist society.
At present, in the process of promoting the construction of industrial injury insurance system in China, "industrial injury prevention first" has become the guiding ideology of the work and is being actively implemented. Some areas have explored some experiences in the prevention of work-related injuries and formed some good practices. There are mainly the following aspects:
First, establish and improve the rate mechanism of industrial injury insurance. The differential rate and floating rate of industrial injury insurance are to determine and adjust the industrial injury insurance rate paid by enterprises according to the degree of occupational risk and the incidence of industrial accidents and occupational diseases. Through the determination and adjustment of the rate, it can promote enterprises to improve working conditions, reduce or reduce the occurrence of industrial accidents and occupational diseases, and protect the safety and health of employees. Therefore, it is necessary to study and formulate the model of industrial injury insurance rate, including scientifically determining the grade and floating level of risk rate; Scientifically determine the balance period of work-related injury insurance premiums in the overall planning area and the cost-sharing coefficient of employers; Establish a mathematical model for calculating the collection and payment of work-related injury insurance premiums. By implementing the differential rate and floating rate of industrial injury insurance, we can give full play to the role of economic leverage, improve the safety protection awareness of producers and operators, and strengthen occupational safety and health.
Two, the establishment of work-related injury prevention publicity, education and training mechanism. By analyzing the long-term high incidence of industrial accidents and occupational diseases in recent years, it is found that in addition to backward production technology and imperfect safety facilities, the lack of legal awareness, labor protection awareness and occupational hazard awareness of production and management personnel and employees is an important reason. According to statistics, more than 80% of industrial accidents are caused by human factors, most of which can be avoided. To improve this situation, in addition to strengthening occupational safety and health supervision, it is also necessary to establish a publicity, education and training platform for work-related injury insurance, and popularize the knowledge of work-related injury insurance by regularly publicizing work-related injury insurance and work-related injury prevention in the whole society; Through the education and training of production and economic management personnel of enterprises, especially the main management personnel of employers such as private enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, basic processing enterprises and foreign processing enterprises, the awareness of law and labor protection will be improved. This kind of education and training can be supported by the industrial injury insurance fund, and it is free for those who receive education and training. At present, more than a dozen provincial and municipal governments have stipulated that prevention publicity and education fees can be drawn from the industrial injury insurance fund, and publicity and education manuals will be distributed to employees free of charge to strengthen training and raise employees' awareness of self-protection and industrial injury insurance.
Three, the use of industrial injury insurance fund to support the research and implementation of occupational hazard protection technology and high-risk industries and jobs to improve working conditions. In line with the principle of "controlling losses", firstly, with the support of industrial injury insurance fund, we will carry out technical research and product development on noise, dust and stamping. Targeted selection of industries with great harm, large quantity and backward protection settings will promote the improvement of labor protection facilities. Second, with the support of the industrial injury insurance fund, we should carry out workplace monitoring and personnel health monitoring with high occupational hazards, implement effective control such as early prevention, early transformation, early detection and early treatment, prevent or reduce the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases, and reduce the injury degree of employees, thus reducing the expenditure of the industrial injury insurance fund. Third, with the support of the industrial injury insurance fund, for typical workplaces, typical types of jobs and typical posts with high industrial injury risk, scientific work norms are formulated, and operation actions, operation frequency, operation intensity, operation weight and exposure are standardized to strengthen the prevention of occupational hazards.
Four, the establishment of industrial injury information exchange mechanism and computer analysis and processing system. The establishment of an information exchange mechanism means the establishment of information exchange, data sharing and information reporting platforms between the central and local labor and social security departments, and between the labor and social security departments and safety and health supervision departments, so as to timely exchange information on industrial accidents and occupational diseases, occupational hazard assessment and safety production, and provide timely data information for occupational safety and health supervision and determination or adjustment of industrial injury insurance rates. At the same time, through the statistical analysis of relevant data, we can provide data such as the types, degrees, high-risk groups and development trends of occupational injuries, so as to make occupational safety and health prevention work and rate collection know fairly well and carry out work-related injury prevention work in a targeted manner.
At the national symposium on work-related injury insurance held in Guangzhou in April this year, Vice Minister Wang Dongjin clearly pointed out that doing a good job in work-related injury prevention is a great measure to expand the work field of work-related injury insurance and improve the service level and social credibility of work-related injury insurance. Starting from this year, we should gradually explore, summarize and popularize the successful experience of industrial injury prevention in some areas. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security and local labor and social security departments should select a number of cities to carry out pilot work. The main tasks of the pilot work are as follows: First, explore and improve the differential rate system and unit floating rate system of industrial injury insurance industry, truly link enterprise rates with industrial injury accidents, and promote enterprises to attach importance to safety production and strengthen labor protection; The second is to explore ways to strengthen the prevention of work-related injuries and establish a working mechanism focusing on publicity, training and prevention; The third is to explore and improve legal policies, clarify the sources and channels of work-related injury prevention expenses, and establish a management system for the use of work-related injury prevention funds.
We believe that with the continuous improvement of the industrial injury insurance system, the work of industrial injury prevention will show more and more importance, which will certainly play an important role in reducing the incidence of industrial accidents, reducing the victims of industrial accidents and occupational diseases, and ensuring the safety and health of workers more effectively.
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