2 feed, increase green feed and juicy feed. Give one-third of the feed on the same day and gradually increase the feed on the third day. If it is found that the female boar has no milk, feed a female boar with traditional Chinese medicines for lactation: Trichosanthes 60g, Radix Rhapontici 40g, stiff grass 30g, eliminated pheasant 40g, brown sugar 50g, ginger 50g, black beans 100g and glutinous rice wine 150g for one day. The 5-and 7-day-old wild piglets began to feed. Generally speaking, the number of piglets who died before the age of 7 days accounts for about 60% of the total number of newborns. The main reasons are: the mother wild boar's milk is insufficient, the piglets can't eat colostrum, and the resistance drops, leading to diarrhea and cough. In addition, dung will pollute the nipples of female wild boar, and the fundamental measure is to make high-bed delivery bed and nursing net bed. The damp and cold barn is one of the causes of diarrhea in piglets. 6. Keeping piglets warm is the key to prevent diarrhea and cough. Therefore, the ground should be padded with wooden boards and infrared heat preservation lights to ensure good animal spirits and more activities. 7. Strengthen professional training for breeders: breeders should carefully observe whether their coat color, breathing, mental state and diet are normal. Once found, it should be treated immediately, with the lowest cost and the best effect, and the general cure rate is above 95%. 8. The use and operation of the vaccine are reasonable, and the usage and dosage are accurate. Piglets were given pseudorabies nasal drops at the age of 3 days, and 7 plague cells were injected into muscles after weaning at the age of 30 days, and 25 sows. When weaning, add 200g milk powder to the feed twice a day, eat freely, keep the room clean and dry, and add palatable brown sugar and antibiotics to the feed to prevent diarrhea. 10 days later, transfer to weaned piglets. In 60 days, it became pseudorabies and swine fever. 9. After sow weaning, change the pregnant feed to check the situation 3 days after mating, 17 days, and check again on 35 days to ensure that it is not estrus. After 90 days, switch to the pregnancy circle to increase the feed, and turn around in the delivery room before delivery, so there is a transition period in the whole cycle. Only by ensuring healthy piglets can the survival rate of piglets be improved and the benefits be improved. Selection method of wild boar feed Special wild boar has gradually become a substitute for domestic pigs and a new type of green and healthy food because of its low fat, high nutritional value and rich game. Special wild boar has a small appetite and can generally be fed twice a day. It likes raw food and has various eating habits. All kinds of weeds, vegetable leaves, plant roots and crop straws can be used as feed for wild boar. Wild boar especially likes to eat green feed, which can account for more than 50% of the diet. A small amount of concentrated feed can raise a strong wild boar. Here are several kinds of wild boar feed. 1. Green juice feed, including green feed, tuber, root tuber, melon and fruit feed and silage, is the main feed source of wild boar. 1, green feed: commonly used alfalfa, purple celery root, amaranth, sweet potato vine leaves, green corn, green barley, etc. Green feed has high protein content, high digestibility, comprehensive amino acids, rich vitamins, excellent quality and high utilization rate. 2. Feed for potatoes, tubers and melons and fruits, including sweet potatoes, potatoes, pumpkins and carrots. This kind of feed is tender and juicy, which can stimulate appetite and has high digestibility of organic matter, and plays an important role in improving the nutritional composition and digestibility of diet. However, it is not suitable for feeding alone, and it must be used in combination with coarse feed and concentrated feed, supplemented by protein feed, in order to achieve the feeding effect. 3. Silage is to store green fodder for feeding in winter and spring off-season. Commonly used for silage are sweet potatoes, rattan leaves, cabbage fields, radish tassels, cabbage fields and grass. Second, coarse grains coarse grains include hay, agricultural and sideline products (pods, vines, vines, shells, stalks, seedlings, etc. ), leaves and dregs. They have wide sources, many kinds and large output, and are the main feed for wild boar in winter and spring. Coarse grains have high crude fiber content, so teachers can preach and teach students to solve problems! 3450 1 1729 Liujianbogzjp
2 feed, increase green feed and juicy feed. Give one-third of the feed on the same day and gradually increase the feed on the third day. If it is found that the female boar has no milk, feed a female boar with traditional Chinese medicines for lactation: Trichosanthes 60g, Radix Rhapontici 40g, stiff grass 30g, eliminated pheasant 40g, brown sugar 50g, ginger 50g, black beans 100g and glutinous rice wine 150g for one day. The 5-and 7-day-old wild piglets began to feed. Generally speaking, the number of piglets who died before the age of 7 days accounts for about 60% of the total number of newborns. The main reasons are: the mother wild boar's milk is insufficient, the piglets can't eat colostrum, and the resistance drops, leading to diarrhea and cough. In addition, dung will pollute the nipples of female wild boar, and the fundamental measure is to make high-bed delivery bed and nursing net bed. The damp and cold barn is one of the causes of diarrhea in piglets. 6. Keeping piglets warm is the key to prevent diarrhea and cough. Therefore, the ground should be padded with wooden boards and infrared heat preservation lights to ensure good animal spirits and more activities. 7. Strengthen professional training for breeders: breeders should carefully observe whether their coat color, breathing, mental state and diet are normal. Once found, it should be treated immediately, with the lowest cost and the best effect, and the general cure rate is above 95%. 8. The use and operation of the vaccine are reasonable, and the usage and dosage are accurate. Piglets were given pseudorabies nasal drops at the age of 3 days, and 7 plague cells were injected into muscles after weaning at the age of 30 days, and 25 sows. When weaning, add 200g milk powder to the feed twice a day, eat freely, keep the room clean and dry, and add palatable brown sugar and antibiotics to the feed to prevent diarrhea. 10 days later, transfer to weaned piglets. In 60 days, it became pseudorabies and swine fever. 9. After sow weaning, change the pregnant feed to check the situation 3 days after mating, 17 days, and check again on 35 days to ensure that it is not estrus. After 90 days, switch to the pregnancy circle to increase the feed, and turn around in the delivery room before delivery, so there is a transition period in the whole cycle. Only by ensuring healthy piglets can the survival rate of piglets be improved and the benefits be improved. Selection method of wild boar feed Special wild boar has gradually become a substitute for domestic pigs and a new type of green and healthy food because of its low fat, high nutritional value and rich game. Special wild boar has a small appetite and can generally be fed twice a day. It likes raw food and has various eating habits. All kinds of weeds, vegetable leaves, plant roots and crop straws can be used as feed for wild boar. Wild boar especially likes to eat green feed, which can account for more than 50% of the diet. A small amount of concentrated feed can raise a strong wild boar. Here are several kinds of wild boar feed. 1. Green juice feed, including green feed, tuber, root tuber, melon and fruit feed and silage, is the main feed source of wild boar. 1, green feed: commonly used alfalfa, purple celery root, amaranth, sweet potato vine leaves, green corn, green barley, etc. Green feed has high protein content, high digestibility, comprehensive amino acids, rich vitamins, excellent quality and high utilization rate. 2. Feed for potatoes, tubers and melons and fruits, including sweet potatoes, potatoes, pumpkins and carrots. This kind of feed is tender and juicy, which can stimulate appetite and has high digestibility of organic matter, and plays an important role in improving the nutritional composition and digestibility of diet. However, it is not suitable for feeding alone, and it must be used in combination with coarse feed and concentrated feed, supplemented by protein feed, in order to achieve the feeding effect. 3. Silage is to store green fodder for feeding in winter and spring off-season. Commonly used for silage are sweet potatoes, rattan leaves, cabbage fields, radish tassels, cabbage fields and grass. Second, coarse grains coarse grains include hay, agricultural and sideline products (pods, vines, vines, shells, stalks, seedlings, etc. ), leaves and dregs. They have wide sources, many kinds and large output, and are the main feed for wild boar in winter and spring. Coarse grains have high crude fiber content, so teachers can preach and teach students to solve problems! 3450 1 1729 Liujianbogzjp
Vitamin D is rich in calcium and phosphorus, so it should be mixed with other feeds when feeding. 3. Concentrated feed 1. Energy feed: including corn, sorghum, barley, rice, sweet potato and other grain seeds and by-products of grain seed processing such as chaff and bran. These feeds are high in energy and low in crude protein, only 7% ~ 1 1%. Because of the unbalanced nutritional structure, it is not suitable to be used as feed for wild boar alone, and it must be matched with protein. 2. Protein feed: including plant protein feed, animal protein feed and other protein feeds. Plant protein feed mainly includes bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake and other by-products of oil extraction industry, and its protein content is high, accounting for about 17% ~ 45%. Fish meal is the most widely used animal feed in protein, with protein content of 40% ~ 60%, which is especially useful in supplementing methionine and lysine with high nutritional value. Bone meal, blood meal, silkworm chrysalis, etc. It is also a good animal feed in protein, and can be mixed as ingredients of compound feed according to needs and conditions. Other protein feeds mainly refer to chicken manure, yeast and bacteria. If 30% fermented chicken manure (50 kg chicken manure plus 1 kg ferric sulfate, 25 kg water, mixed fermentation 1 ~ 2 days) is added to the diet, its nutrition is similar to that of wheat bran and rice bran, and its protamine content is 25.5% ~ 3 1.8%, so the feeding effect is excellent and a lot can be saved. Four. At present, feed additives include nutritional additives such as vitamins, amino acids, minerals and trace elements, growth promoters such as antibiotics, enzyme preparations, growth promoters and sedatives, and Chinese herbal medicine additives. When raising wild boar, according to the nutritional components of various feeds in the diet and the nutritional needs of wild boar in different periods, a small amount or trace of the above nutrients are added to make the diet nutritious, which can significantly improve the utilization rate and conversion rate of feed, reduce the nutritional loss of feed during storage and improve the quality of wild boar; Antibiotics and Chinese herbal medicine additives can stimulate growth, enhance immunity and prevent some diseases. After years of research, Chinese medicine additives made from 20 kinds of precious Chinese medicines such as Wan Lei, Atractylodes macrocephala, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Crataegus pinnatifida, Scutellaria baicalensis and Magnolia Officinalis have the effects of invigorating spleen and kidney, promoting digestion and strengthening stomach, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and have obvious effects on strengthening body, promoting growth, preventing and treating colds, dysentery, parasitic diseases and colibacillosis. Estrus and mating of wild boar. The reproductive cycle of wild boar The sexual maturity of wild boar (purebred) is late, and it takes 10-20 months after birth, 1 year to be born 1 fetus. Generally, they mate every year 10, and give birth in April-May of the following year. The gestation period is 120- 140 days, with 4-6 litters per fetus. The number of nipples of wild boar is 3-5 pairs, and male wild boar often fights for couples during the breeding season. The sexual maturity of special (cross-selection) wild boar is early, about 150- 190 days after birth, estrus 1-3 days, and sexual cycle is 22-23 days. The first generation crossing between male wild boar and female pig takes a short time to climb the hill, which ends in 2-3 minutes. Boars have short penises, so it is difficult to collect sperm. The semen volume is only half that of domestic pigs, about100-150ml. The number of sperm per milliliter of semen is about 10 billion. The average gestation period of the first generation wild boar was 1 15.6 days, and that of the interspecific wild boar was 1 15.8 days. Wild boar's fur is thick and thin, generally gray or grayish yellow. Adult sows weigh 90 kg ~ 130 kg, and those who respond to the external environment will also preach and teach! 3450 1 1729 Liujianbogzjp
4 sensitive. Generally, female wild boar has 6-7 pairs of nipples, with an annual output of 2.5 fetuses, generally 10 ~ 15 fetuses. The suitable breeding time is 5 ~ 6 months after birth and the weight is 40 ~ 60 kg. When female wild boar is in estrus, the principle of early primiparous sows and late multiparous sows is generally adopted. When wild boar is in estrus, the external genitalia is obviously red and swollen. When the external genitalia changes from red to dark purple, from swelling to miniaturization, or when the sow's hands stand still, it is the best breeding time. The mating time of male and female wild boar is slightly longer than that of domestic pig. According to experience, it is best to use the compound method, that is, repeat mating after an interval of 6 to 8 hours. This can obviously improve the conception rate of sows. When the female boar is in estrus, it can also be used to drive the boar into the sow pen 1 ~2 days. At this time, male wild boar can climb and mate many times at night. After the mating is confirmed to be successful, the wild boar will be driven out. After 20 days, observe whether the female boar is still in estrus. The estrus cycle of female wild boar is 18 days. If it is not estrus, it proves that the wild boar has successfully mated. A farmer who chooses to engage in wild boar breeding must have 1 ~2 pure wild boars. As the saying goes: sow is good, nest is good; Wild boar is good, what a good slope. This shows the importance of wild boar. Choosing a good boar is of great significance to future generations. Generally, pure wild boar with long body, high legs and sharp mouth is selected as breeding pig. The offspring of the special wild boar bred by crossbreeding wild boar and domestic pig are reserved, and the bred offspring have atavism, that is, some cubs look like domestic pigs rather than wild boars. Therefore, the special wild boar of binary hybridization should not be kept as seeds. If the conditions are limited, when the special wild boar is not used as a breeding pig, the ternary hybrid special wild boar with more than 70% wild boar blood relationship should also be selected as a breeding pig, and inbreeding should be prevented in blood relationship, so that its offspring can have strong disease resistance and grow rapidly. At present, Congjiang Xiang pig, a specialty of Guizhou, is famous and small in size, which is suitable for being a roast suckling pig or a pet pig of urban people. Worth the choice of foster families; But be sure to choose a suitable place as the place to start stocking. Breeding pigs and overweight wild boar used to be wild animals, mainly feeding on leaves and weeds, but this characteristic has also been preserved under artificial breeding. 60%~70% of the feed is mainly green feed such as grass and vegetables. However, some farmers use the experience of raising pigs to feed wild boar with complete feed, which not only greatly increases the cost, but also leads to the difficulty or abnormality of reproduction because of the lack of limited feeding of reserve breeding pigs in the early growth stage and the high nutritional level in the diet. At this time, it is necessary to limit the feeding of wild boar, take green feed as the staple food, and strengthen exercise at the same time. Prevention and treatment of epidemic disease Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals such as pigs, cattle and deer. It mostly occurs in late autumn, winter and spring, and its virus transmission speed often exceeds 10 km per hour. The occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease in Britain has caused serious losses, which should arouse our vigilance. 1 Clinically, sick pigs have poor appetite, and their body temperature is 40-4 1 Celsius. The oral mucosa (including tongue, lips, gums, pharynx and palate), hoof crown, toes and heels of sick pigs appear redness, low fever, sensitivity, blisters and ulceration on nose plate, breast and skin. Hemorrhagic plaque is formed when the blister breaks, and it can heal itself in about 7- 10 days. If there are bacterial infections, they will be located. Blisters and rotten spots are rarely seen, which are manifested as acute gastroenteritis, myocarditis and sudden death. Anatomy showed myocardial degeneration, as if it had been boiled in water. Its cross section is grayish white and light yellow stripes, and the thigh muscles are necrotic. Preventive measures 2. 1 Heat preservation measures should be strengthened in late autumn, winter and spring, and pigsty and sports ground should be strictly disinfected regularly. The commonly used disinfectant is a mixture of potassium permanganate and vinegar. It can also be sprayed with caustic soda solution. 2.2 Pay attention to strengthen quarantine at ordinary times, and isolate the epidemic immediately when it is found. If there is an epidemic in this area, besides taking emergency measures for the whole pig herd, it is also necessary to strengthen the nutrition of the pig herd, improve the overall physique, enhance the ability to prevent and treat diseases, and preach and teach! 3450 1 1729 Liujianbogzjp
5 2.3 Strengthen the close contact between the animal husbandry and epidemic prevention station in a county and city and the nearby veterinarians, get timely feedback on the epidemic situation, and inject vaccines in advance for epidemic prevention. The dosage and usage of attenuated inactivated vaccine or attenuated vaccine B for pigs shall be carried out according to the instructions (produced by Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences). It is worth mentioning that the virus type of the vaccine used must be consistent with the type of foot-and-mouth disease virus prevalent in this area, otherwise the occurrence and epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease cannot be prevented. It is best to inject the vaccine twice. When the vaccine is used, a pig is injected at a prescribed dose, and after 1 hour, the whole group of pigs is injected with the vaccine when there is no abnormal performance; Preventive injection should adhere to one injection per pig. When the vaccine is pumped into the syringe and used up, it should be placed in a bottle with a rubber cover, not in the air. Don't throw away the original vaccine bottle, burn it and throw it away. After preventive injection, syringes and needles should be soaked in disinfectant such as Baidusha for two hours and boiled at high temperature, and then washed with clear water for later use. Treatment: After finding the symptoms of pig foot-and-mouth disease, immediately remove the bedding grass in the pen, strictly disinfect it, and replace it with short bedding grass or clean the fresh soil layer without bacteria. 3.2 It is found that piglets are suffering from foot-and-mouth disease, which can be treated with high immunity at the initial stage, and the dose is 2 ml per kilogram of body weight. Intramuscular injection or subcutaneous injection. 3.3 Wash the mouth of sick pigs with vinegar or 0. 1% potassium permanganate. Rotten surfaces can be coated with 1%-2% iodine tincture glycerin mixture. Hooves can be washed with 3% Lysol. After drying, apply fish fat paste or zinc oxide cod liver oil ointment. 3.4 Glutaraldehyde (Koukexing) can also be used for intramuscular injection treatment of pigs suffering from foot-and-mouth disease (produced by Wuhan Organic Industry Co., Ltd., Gongren Road 10, Yankou District, Wuhan). 3.5 Immune enhancer "Foot-and-mouth disease" is used to treat sick pigs (developed by Professor Gan Lin of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences). Usage: Inject once every other day. Inject 1 ml every 5 kg of body weight, and cure after 3-5 times of continuous administration. The drug can also be injected into pregnant sows, but progesterone should be injected intramuscularly at the same time (according to the prescribed amount). You can also inject Dute 2000 and Koukang Injection (produced by Jacky Veterinary Medicine Factory, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province) intramuscularly, with three days as a course of treatment and two courses of treatment. Once erythroderma of wild boar occurs, it can be cured. Diagnostic symptoms: sudden onset, poor appetite or poor appetite in sick pigs, and body temperature of 40 ~ 42℃. At the beginning of the disease, the skin on the head and face is red, and the whole body is red about 6 ~ 12 hours. A few medical records show rash, dyspnea and abdominal breathing. Limbs weakness, occasional swelling, forced exercise, limping, easy to lie on the ground, most medical records have constipation, little and yellow urine, high mortality in acute medical records, and skin rash. Control measures: 1. Acupuncture therapy: rinse the whole body of the sick pig with warm soap for a few minutes, and then rinse with warm water. After the skin is dried with a cotton swab, scrape the pig's back from front to back with the back of the knife, first light and then heavy, and then repeat until the whole body is hot. Then pull the pig's tail and ears by hand in turn, and discharge the blood at the tip of the tail or ear with a round needle or a sharp knife respectively. This method is used in the early stage of the disease, and the earlier the better. 2, western medicine therapy: generally available antipyretic and analgesic drugs, in order to control complications, antibiotics can be used. 3. TCM therapy: ① gypsum 30g, honeysuckle 15g, forsythia suspensa 15g, chrysanthemum indicum 15g, Bupleurum chinense 10g, burdock 10g, dried tangerine peel 6g and hay 6g, decocted and taken. ② Sanhuasan: Solidago 15g, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici 15g, Flos Lonicerae 15g, decocted in water. Special wild boar is a hybrid breed which is bred and domesticated by using pure wild boar as male parent and domestic pig as female parent. It not only maintains the advantages of high lean meat rate, fresh and tender meat quality, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability of pure wild boar. Our company has been carrying out cross breeding and purification of wild boar, and cultivated a large number of provenances with stable genes, many litters, good meat quality and fast growth. 1. "Special wild boar" is different from pure wild boar: practice has proved that special wild boar shows good hybridization advantages, which not only maintains the advantages of high lean meat rate, tender meat, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability, but also changes the shortcomings of wild boar such as seasonal estrus, small litter size, slow growth and difficult feeding. Generally, special wild boar will reach sexual maturity after 10 months, and will give birth to 2 fetuses every year, each with at least 8 fetuses, and most of them will be 14- 16. The weight of 2-month-old special wild boar can reach more than 10 kg. The growth law of special wild boar is different from that of domestic pig, and it grows slowly in the early stage, so it needs teachers to preach and teach. 3450 1 1729 Liujianbogzjp
After 6 4 months, the growth rate is very fast, and the weight can reach 75-90 kg after 6-7 months. Second, "special wild boar" is worth developing: it is between pure wild boar and domestic pig, with more fiber, slightly similar meat quality to beef, mellow and tender meat, rich game, lean meat rate as high as 80% (domestic pig is only 365,438+0.5%, ordinary lean pig is 50%-60%), low fat content (domestic pig is only 50%), and special wild boar. , stocked in farms without industrial pollution, completely has the function of green ecological food. Advantages of developing "special wild boar" breeding: 1, good meat quality and high nutrition: special wild boar has gradually become a substitute for domestic pigs and a new type of green and healthy food because of its low fat, high nutritional value and rich game, and the market is very tight at present. Especially in Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and other large and medium-sized cities, the demand is large and the prospects are optimistic. In Guangzhou Xinyuan Wildlife Trading Market, the wholesale price of special wild boar is currently 40 yuan/kg, and it was still very popular in March-April 2007, when it was as high as 50 yuan/kg. 2. Strong disease resistance and low cost: wild boar is not easy to get sick, even if its limbs are broken when it is hunted in the wild, and it can survive in the harsh environment in the wild for a long time. Strong resistance to coarse grains, the staple food is cassava, corncob, leaves, stems, sweet potatoes, roots, grass, pumpkins and other feeds, which can be seen everywhere. And the daily feed is only 1/3 of that of domestic pigs, and the feeding cost is extremely low, and the input-output ratio is 1: 3, while that of domestic pigs is 1: 0. 15. 3. High benefit and good prospect: the weight of adult wild boar 100kg- 150kg. According to the current price of 25 yuan -50 yuan/kg of wild boar, the output value is at least 1.250 yuan-2,500 yuan, and 1 head of wild boar is equivalent to the price of seven or eight pigs, and the profit is considerable. In recent years, the pig market has been weak and the sales price has been falling, which has led to the closure of many pig farms. Pig production has entered a "meager profit era" with high cost and high risk, and it is extremely cyclical, and it will lose money if it is not careful, but every household in the countryside is still breeding. Wild boar has high price, strong disease resistance, wide source of feed and low cost, which is a good project for farmers to get rid of poverty, laid-off workers to re-employment and enterprises and farms to change production. The popularity of the special wild boar market has brought enlightenment and new dawn to the pig breeding industry in the plain. Fourth, special reminder: the breeding technology of special wild boar is becoming more and more mature and the market is becoming more and more standardized. Farmers should take a long-term view, engage in large-scale breeding, build breeding pig farms with the approval of relevant departments, have strict breeding pig elimination and selection systems, establish independent breeding pig files, strictly control epidemic prevention, and take the road of game market and deep processing of products. In addition, relevant departments must strengthen management and purify the provenance market. In the special wild boar breeding industry, many farmers only know that it has low investment, high profit, flexible management and is beneficial to family breeding, but they don't pay enough attention to the problems such as provenance risk, insufficient experience and technology or immature technology. This situation caters to the psychology of many farmers eager to get rich, which leads to the blind launch of special breeding projects. Therefore, farmers should have a correct understanding of the special wild boar breeding industry and pay attention to the following points: 1. It is necessary to distinguish between true and false, prevent some farmers from exaggerating false propaganda, and be vigilant. 2. Farmers must receive training and learn technology. Although the breeding technology of wild boar is not complicated as a whole and has many similarities with domestic pigs, there are still some technical requirements for breeding wild boar. Farmers must receive training and master technology before introduction and breeding. 3. It is not cheap to introduce regular farmers with strong financial and technical strength, high personnel quality and good reputation, and in order to avoid inbreeding, it is best to introduce more than 10 head (2 males and 8 females) at one time.