Common sense of self-help and mutual rescue in chemical industry 1. How to operate mutual rescue (other rescue) in chemical accidents?

Refers to all rescue measures and actions organized and implemented by the victims at the scene of the accident and other people's rescue or social rescue forces when a dangerous chemical accident occurs.

Mutual rescue (other rescue) is the embodiment of the humanitarianism of saving lives and the socialist spiritual civilization of helping each other. In the event of a major hazardous chemical accident, especially a catastrophic hazardous chemical accident, it is very important to enlist the help of others and social forces under the limited rescue force.

Hospitals and occupational prevention institutes of chemical departments, especially emergency rescue centers for dangerous chemical accidents, should give full play to the role of first aid, technical consultation, guidance and training in medical rescue for dangerous chemical accidents and make due contributions to the rescue work.

2. What are the methods of self-help and mutual rescue for chemical burns?

(1) Get away from the scene quickly, take off the contaminated clothes and rinse immediately for 20 minutes. Thirty minutes.

After alkali pollution, it is necessary to extend the washing time, and pay special attention to the washing of special parts such as eyes, such as head, face, hands and perineum. After the burn wound is washed with water, reasonable neutralization treatment should be carried out if necessary. (2) Chemical burn wounds should be thoroughly debrided, blisters should be cut off, and necrotic tissue should be removed.

For deep wounds, escharectomy and delayed skin grafting should be performed immediately or early. For example, after yellow phosphorus burns, it is necessary to cut scabs as soon as possible to prevent phosphorus poisoning.

(3) For some chemical burns, such as cyanide, phenol, barium chloride, hydrofluoric acid, etc. Proper detoxification and emergency treatment should be carried out when washing. (4) When chemical burn complicated with shock, we should simply wash it as soon as possible and actively carry out anti-shock treatment.

(5) Actively prevent infection and rationally use antibiotics. First-aid measures for acid burn: (1) Take off or cut off contaminated clothes quickly, and immediately rinse them with plenty of running water for 20 hours. Thirty minutes.

(2) Neutralization treatment: wet compress with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution after washing, and rinse with clean water after neutralization to prevent further infiltration of acid. (3) debridement and blister removal to prevent acid residue from continuing to play a role.

(4) Exposure therapy is generally used for wounds.

3. What are the common sense of self-help and mutual aid in emergencies?

How to deal with sudden disasters? How to save yourself in a crisis? Relevant experts summed up the following correct self-help methods for different dangers.

When an earthquake happens, you should escape first, and then go out after the shaking stops. Don't stand in the middle of the room when hiding, but find a supportive place to hide in time.

Take the stairs instead of the elevator when you leave. When the vehicle is on fire: the vehicle should call the police in time, and then make full use of the fire-fighting equipment on the vehicle to actively save itself. If there is no fire fighting equipment or the number of fire fighting equipment is not enough, you can use clothes, quilts and other things to put out the fire.

When the subway breaks down: pay attention to the manual broadcast of the subway, obey the unified command and guidance of the staff, and evacuate in the specified direction. It is best to cover your nose with wet clothes, towels, masks and other fabrics, walk against the wind, and don't take a deep breath.

When falling into the water by boat: put on your life jacket quickly and send out a distress signal. Don't abandon the ship unless you have no choice.

Once you abandon the ship, you should face the wind, cross your arms on your chest, hold down your life jacket, and cover your nose and mouth with your hands to dive. When there is a fire in a tall building: don't get into the elevator to escape, use the stairs to save the emergency.

When living on a higher floor, you can tear sheets, curtains and other fabrics in the room into load-bearing strips and connect them into ropes, which are tied to the components of windows or balconies to escape to the fire-proof floor. When all the passages are cut off, the best shelter is the toilet.

In case of food poisoning: call the emergency center immediately 120, then induce vomiting with fingers, chopsticks and other tongue roots, and drink plenty of warm water or light salt water to reduce the absorption of toxins. When being hijacked: The most important thing is to keep calm as much as possible, and don't fight unnecessarily.

At the same time, we should try our best to observe the characteristics of the hijackers and strive for clues for rescue or later case detection. In case of scald: First aid and early treatment can prevent the injury from getting worse, infection and shock.

In case of scald: 1. Keep calm and keep the injured away from the fire. 2. When clothes catch fire, immediately take off the burning clothes or roll on the spot to put out the flame. Don't run, lest the wind help the fire and aggravate the injury; 3, bedding, blankets, etc.

4. When scalded by high-temperature water or oil, immediately immerse the scalded part in cold water or rinse it with cold water or ice water to reduce the residual heat on the skin. 5. When severely scalded, do not apply medicine to the wound surface, and simply wrap it with sterile dressing or clean sheets to prevent further damage and pollution.

6. Keep warm in the cold season and go to the hospital as soon as possible. Small area mild burn: 1. When blisters do not form in the early stage, those with red heat and tingling can be covered with vegetable oil, soybean oil, cool oil and blue oil hydrocarbon, or covered with sterilized vaseline gauze, or wet compressed with soy sauce to reduce swelling and relieve pain.

2. If the blister has formed, first scrub the surrounding skin with 0. 1% bromogeramine solution or 75% alcohol, rinse the wound with normal saline or soapy water, pump out the liquid in the blister under aseptic conditions, and apply pressure to bandage the wound with trisulfonic acid ointment, tetracycline ointment, scald ointment or sterilized vaseline gauze. Second degree scald: pay attention to prevent infection and give painkillers to relieve pain.

Large area scald: it must be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment immediately. Swimming self-help method 1. Leg cramp If you cramp in shallow water, you can immediately stand up and push hard, or break your thumb up with your hand, and your calf can be relieved.

If you are in deep water, you can take the posture of backstroke, straighten the cramped leg, swim to the shore with your hand and the other leg after a little relief, and then deal with it as mentioned above. Don't panic when choking, just adjust your breathing.

If it happens in deep water and you feel too tired to continue swimming, you can ask someone else to help you go ashore and rest. Abdominal pain is caused by abdominal shock.

Be fully prepared before entering the water, such as rubbing the abdomen and navel for a few minutes, and wiping the chest, abdomen and whole body with a small amount of water to adapt to the water temperature. If you have abdominal pain in the water, you should go ashore immediately and keep warm.

You can bring a bottle of Huoxiang Zhengqi water, and the abdominal pain will gradually disappear after drinking it. 4. dizziness swimming for too long or just on an empty stomach may cause dizziness and nausea, which is caused by fatigue and lack of oxygen.

Pay attention to keep warm, muscle, drink some sugar water or eat some fruit. You will recover soon. Methods of self-help and mutual rescue for critically ill patients First aid for craniocerebral injury: First aid on site should stop bleeding and bandage.

If the nose, ears, eyes and other five senses have been bleeding, do not use tampons and other hemostatic materials to stop bleeding, otherwise blood will accumulate in the skull, causing intracranial hypertension and infection. It should be allowed to flow out, and the spilled blood can be wiped off with a cleaning cloth.

If there is a hematoma, apply a cold towel to the lump to promote dissipation. Coma patients should pay attention to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.

First aid for angina pectoris: Patients should sit down or stay in bed. If they are outdoors, they should squat down and have a rest. Take nitroglycerin or indomethacin orally immediately.

When there is no first-aid medicine for the time being, you can acupuncture or pinch the internal joints, which also has the functions of stopping headache, calming and promoting blood circulation. First aid for acute myocardial infarction: stay in bed absolutely, avoid light and prevent adverse reactions.

Oxygen should be inhaled in time when conditions permit. Oral nitroglycerin tablets.

Eat fruit juice or semi-fruit juice to ensure the necessary calories and keep the stool unobstructed. Patients can only be transported under the guidance of a doctor.

First aid for stroke: medically speaking, stroke belongs to cerebrovascular accident. Family members or on-site personnel are not allowed to push or flip patients at will.

Reduce the amount of light and sound. The patient should lie on his back, not put a pillow. To take off the patient's clothes, wrap the patient's tongue with gauze and pull it out, and promptly remove the mucus, secretions and vomit in his mouth to make the respiratory tract unobstructed.

Put ice cubes or cold towels on the patient's forehead to help stop bleeding and reduce intracranial pressure. Keep a horizontal posture when carrying the patient.

Ten ways for children to help themselves: how do children deal with emergencies and threats? The following ten methods can be used for reference. First, pay attention to get a feeling. In a crisis, you should trust your intuition.

Parents should not only warn their children to get uneasy feelings from people or things they contact, but also pay attention to listening and encourage them to tell the people they feel uneasy about.

4. Where is the knowledge about self-help and mutual aid?

What is the principle of self-help and mutual rescue? Answer: save people first, then save the wounded.

Do CPR first, save lives, and then do trauma treatment. How many steps did CPR take? A: Eight steps.

Judge consciousness, call for help, lie on your side, open the airway, check breathing, blow mouth to mouth, check pulse, and press the heart. What are the four techniques of first aid in trauma scene? Answer: stop bleeding, bandage, fix and carry.

How to dress a wound? A: The materials used are: bandages, triangular towels, or local materials. Bandage requirements: light, fast, accurate and firm. Cover before wrapping (a clean dressing). Don't tie or tie a knot in the wound to avoid exposing the limbs.

How can a person transport the wounded? A: You can walk, carry, climb and hug. How can two people transport the wounded? A: You can use the sedan chair lever type or the double car type.

How can three people transport the wounded? A: Three people can transport on the same side. How to make a simple stretcher? Answer: A simple stretcher can be made by combining a coat, a bed sheet, a rope, a door panel and a carrying stick.

What problems should we pay attention to when dealing with it? Answer: The wounded should lie down, not sit. Coma patients should lie on their side or head side, and closely observe their facial expressions. Protect the cervical spine, spine and pelvis.

5. What is the common sense of self-help and mutual aid in emergencies?

Common sense of self-help and mutual aid 1. Disease (1) myocardial enzyme resuscitation (2) asphyxia 1. How to give first aid after foreign body inhalation? Due to carelessness or anxiety, peanuts, jelly, melon seeds, jujube kernels, buttons, coins, etc. Accidentally inhaled into the trachea, causing the trachea to be subjected to * * *, and suddenly there is a severe cough and whistle.

When a foreign body blocks the trachea, it may cause dyspnea, hoarseness, pallor cyanosis, dyspnea and even suffocation. In an emergency, every minute counts, and a few minutes may lead to suffocation and death.

First, remove vomit or food residue from the mouth and nose. Method 1: Heimlich maneuver, the specific operation method is as follows: When the patient suddenly suffocates due to foreign body in respiratory tract, immediately make him bend forward. The operator stands behind the patient, clasps the patient with his hands together, clenches his fist with one hand, forcibly lifts the patient's upper abdomen, and produces pressure when squeezing out residual gas in stomach and lungs to make the foreign body cough up.

Method 2: For the patient lying on the supine position, let the patient bend his knees and curl up to face the rescuer. The rescuer will put his knees and thighs against the patient's chest, and pat the spine in the scapular area with his palm four times in a row to discharge foreign bodies. 2. First aid on the way A. If the patient suffers from asphyxia, let him lie flat on his back, with his head tilted to one side, his head low and his feet high, and pat his back to clear the obstruction in the trachea, or lie flat on his back with his head tilted backwards to straighten his neck. The rescuer puts the palm of his right hand under the xiphoid process of the patient's upper abdomen, punches slightly backwards from bottom to top, and discharges the obstruction.

When the patient stops breathing or cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be taken immediately, that is, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or extrathoracic heart. B. Lift the sick and wounded to the lateral position with head low and feet high to facilitate drainage.

Pry open the patient's mouth with chopsticks or a smooth thin board, insert it between the upper and lower teeth, or roll a small mouth with a towel, open the mouth, clean up the foreign bodies in the mouth, nose and throat, and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Report to the teacher and ask for help from the first aid station or a nearby hospital.

(3) Hypertension crisis 1, don't panic in front of the patient, let the patient rest quietly, look up, take a semi-recumbent position, and try to avoid light. If the patient is conscious, he can take 2 tablets of dihydrochlorhexidine and 2 tablets of diazepam immediately; Or two compound antihypertensive tablets, drink less water and send the patient to the hospital as soon as possible. 2. On the way to the hospital, drive as smoothly as possible to avoid cerebral hemorrhage caused by excessive bumps.

If the headache is serious, acupuncture at Baihui point (the two ear tips are connected at the midpoint of the head) can make it bleed to relieve the headache. Take a healthy road in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and look at the healthy diet and health care in the four seasons. Tips for maternal and child health care 3. If convulsions occur, you can pinch Hegu and Renzhong points.

Pay attention to keep the unconscious person's respiratory tract unobstructed, let him lie on his side and pull his jaw forward to facilitate breathing. ④ Cerebral hemorrhage, stroke and stroke 1. When a classmate has a cerebral hemorrhage, a stroke, a stroke, don't be too alarmed. Stay calm and comfort the patient.

2. The patient must be absolutely quiet in bed (head pad for patients with cerebral hemorrhage), loosen the collar button, and lean his head and body to one side to prevent oral secretions and vomit from flowing into the trachea to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Emergency telephone number 120 was used for treatment. 3. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid forcibly moving the patient, paying special attention to the stability of the head, otherwise it will miss the most favorable treatment opportunity and aggravate the failure of rescue.

(5) Don't roll around with a perforated stomach, and lie on the bed facing left. The reason is that most of the perforation sites are located on the right side of the stomach.

Lying to the left side can effectively prevent gastric acid and food from further flowing to the abdominal cavity and aggravate the condition. If the medical staff can't arrive in time, but there are some simple medical equipment at the scene, patients can insert stomach tubes with the help of classmates.

Specific methods: insert the stomach tube into the nostril to the throat, breathe hard and swallow, and swallow the stomach tube into the stomach. Then use a syringe to pump out the contents of the stomach, which can reduce the degree of infection in the abdominal cavity and win the treatment time for patients. Please remember that the patient must also lie on his side at this time.

(6) heatstroke 1, quickly move the patient to a cool and ventilated place, make him lie flat, fan him with an electric fan or fan, and untie his collar and trousers, so as to facilitate the patient's breathing and heat dissipation. 2. Wipe the patient with cold water or diluted alcohol. You can also use a towel or ice pack dipped in cold water and ice cubes to apply it to the arterial blood vessels of the patient's neck, armpit or thigh root groin to help the patient dissipate heat.

3. If you feel unwell, take Ren Dan, 10 drops of water, Huoxiang Zhengqi water and other summer drugs in time, and drink more light salt water to replenish lost body fluids. If the patient is in a coma, you can press the patient's acupoints such as Renzhong and Hegu with your thumb.

After waking up, the patient must rest in a cool and ventilated place. If he returns to the hot environment, it will lead to more serious consequences than before. What needs to be reminded is that you should not be overtired when you go out, and you can have a rest after a walk.

You'd better wear a cool hat and an umbrella when you go out. Turn on the electric fan in a room with high temperature to accelerate air convection, but don't blow it directly on your body.

When you go out on a hot day, try to take summer medicine with you for emergencies, such as ten drops of water, Huoxiang Zhengqi water, cool oil, Ren Dan, etc. 6. In addition, if someone faints or falls into a coma with high fever of unknown cause, they should call 120 for medical treatment immediately after simple treatment.

Second, the trauma agrees (7) nosebleeds 1, if you encounter nosebleeds, you must stay calm and don't panic, otherwise your blood pressure will rise and the bleeding will be aggravated. 2. If you feel blood flowing into your mouth, try to spit it out and avoid your stomach.

3. When there is a little bleeding, put a cotton ball into the nostril and press the nostril for 5- 10 minutes. If the bleeding is not relieved, the time can be appropriately extended, and the nose and forehead can be cold-compressed. If Yunnan Baiyao can be added, the effect will be better. If the bleeding is serious or repeated, go to the hospital in time.

(8) ankle sprain 1, immediately stop walking, sports or labor activities, take a sitting or lying position, and use pillows, bedding or clothes, backpacks, etc. To cushion your feet to promote venous return, thus reducing swelling and pain. 2. Immediately apply an ice pack or a cold towel locally to make the capillaries contract, so as to reduce bleeding or exudation, thus reducing swelling and pain.

3. At the same time or after cold compress, bandage, triangle towel and other fabrics can be used to compress around the ankle joint. You can also use a few wide tapes to stick and fix the ankle joint from the sole to the instep to reduce the range of motion.

Regardless of dressing or sticking with adhesive tape, the injured lateral malleolus should be turned into varus or the injured medial malleolus should be turned into varus, so as to reduce the traction on the injured collateral ligament or muscle, thus alleviating or avoiding aggravating the injury. 4. If it has been sent.