The school has always been a key unit of fire protection that governments at all levels and relevant fire departments attach great importance to. No matter what type or nature of schools, there are great fire hazards.
There are many laboratories and experiments in schools, all kinds of inflammable and explosive materials, much electricity for fire control, many dilapidated buildings with aging infrastructure such as water supply, power supply and gas supply, many construction projects under construction, high personnel density, relatively scattered concentration, habitual violations from time to time, poor fire safety education and publicity, and omissions in safety management.
Second, the types of common fires on campus
Campus fires can be divided into the following types from the causes:
1. Family fire
Household fire generally refers to people's cooking fire, heating fire, lighting fire, lighting mosquito-repellent incense, smoking, setting off fireworks and firecrackers. A fire caused by a family fire is called a family fire. With the overall progress and development of society, the choice of fire energy for cooking and heating is increasingly extensive, including gas, coal, oil, firewood, electricity and so on. It is not uncommon for students to use fire in their daily lives, and there are many reasons, including: setting gas, oil and electric fire sources in the dormitory illegally; The fire source is close to flammable materials; Pull the power cord randomly, and the wire shuttles between combustible materials; Use high-power lighting equipment, etc.
Because some students lack the necessary knowledge of fire safety, the illegal use of fire is serious, which leads to the inevitable occurrence of fire. Statistics show that family fires have accounted for more than 70% of the total number of campus fire accidents. Students must attach great importance to the safe use of family fire sources, and students must learn to defend themselves and save themselves.
2. Electrical fire
At present, students have a large number of electrical equipment, from televisions, computers and tape recorders to desk lamps, chargers and hair dryers, as well as illegally purchased electric blankets and appliances. Because there are few power sockets in student dormitories, it is common for students to pull the power cord illegally. Installation operations that do not meet safety standards lead to an increase in electrical fire hazards caused by short circuit, open circuit, excessive contact resistance of contacts, and increased load. If the electrical equipment is unqualified, it is also a disaster-causing factor. In particular, a large number of irregular use of electric heaters can easily lead to fires.
3. Natural phenomenon fire
The natural phenomenon of fire is not common. There are basically two kinds of fire: one is thunder and lightning, and the other is material nature. Lightning is high-voltage static electricity generated by atmospheric movement, and then discharged. The discharge voltage sometimes reaches tens of thousands of volts, releasing huge energy. When used on the earth's surface, it is quite destructive. The arc it produces can be a direct fire source, and destroying buildings or jumping into other equipment will cause various forms of fires. In order to prevent lightning fire, lightning protection facilities must be installed reasonably. Spontaneous combustion is the phenomenon that the substance burns itself. Such as yellow phosphorus, zinc powder, aluminum powder and other substances with low ignition point can burn in the natural environment; Alkali metals such as potassium and sodium burn violently in contact with water; Dry wood, coal slime, oil-stained chemical fiber, cotton yarn, etc. are piled up in large quantities, and a large amount of heat is accumulated through biological action or oxidation, so that the substance reaches the self-ignition point, and spontaneous combustion causes a fire. We must strengthen the daily management of spontaneous combustion articles with scientific attitude and means.
Third, prevent campus fires.
1, student dormitory fire prevention
Student dormitory (apartment) is one of the key parts of school fire prevention, and it is of great significance to do a good job of fire prevention in student dormitory (apartment) in an all-round way. Generally speaking, family fire is an important factor that causes fire in students' dormitory.
In order to prevent fire accidents in students' dormitories (apartments), students should do ten commandments: First, don't pull the power cord without permission, avoid the wire winding on the metal bedstead or passing through flammable materials, and avoid the wiring board being covered by flammable materials. 2. Illegal use of electric heating appliances is prohibited. Three commandments: use high-power electrical appliances. The temptation to use electrical appliances is unattended, so people have to turn off the power. Five commandments: open flame lighting, bulb lighting should not use flammable materials as lampshades, bedside lamps should use cold light source tubes. 6. Don't throw fire indoors. 7. Do not burn sundries indoors and light mosquito-repellent incense. Bajie keeps inflammable and explosive articles indoors. Nine commandments: cooking indoors. Do not use counterfeit and shoddy electrical appliances.
2. Fire prevention in public places
With the development of school construction, there are frequent and intensive personnel exchanges in classrooms, restaurants and libraries. Loose management in public places, weak awareness of fire prevention among some teachers and students, the use of flammable and toxic materials in interior decoration, high electricity consumption, many high-heat lighting equipment and large space are all serious fire hazards. There are frequent major fires in these places, which can easily cause casualties, especially mass casualties.
Therefore, students should master the following fire prevention knowledge and methods when staying in public places:
1, pay attention to the fire danger in public places and always be vigilant.
2. Strictly abide by the fire prevention regulations in public places and abandon all behaviors that are not conducive to fire prevention.
3, enter the public * * * places, first of all to understand the situation of the place, familiar with the fire escape.
4. Be good at finding early fires in time and making accurate judgments. If it can be put out in time, it must be put out in time. If it spreads, it should be evacuated immediately.
5. Be courageous and help the injured people to evacuate and escape quickly in time.
3, fire safety publicity 20
Fire danger can happen at any time and anywhere. As long as each of us can do a good job in fire prevention with a high sense of fire safety responsibility and a scientific fire fighting attitude, many fires can be avoided. The Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security draws lessons from the fire propaganda experience of some economically developed countries in the world. Prevention first, combining prevention with elimination? According to China's national conditions, we specially compiled and published "20 Fire Safety Rules", which are now provided for your reference.
(1) Parents and teachers should educate their children to form a good habit of not playing with fire. No unit may organize minors to put out fires.
(2) Never throw cigarette butts and kindling.
(3) Combustible materials are not suitable for interior decoration.
(4) Fire hydrants are safe, so don't damage, occupy or bury them.
(5) Take good care of fire-fighting equipment and master the usage of common fire-fighting equipment.
(6) Do not bring inflammable dangerous goods into public places and take public transport.
(7) Pay attention to fire signs when entering public places, and remember the evacuation direction.
(8) In any case, keep the evacuation passage clear.
(9) Anyone who finds any behavior endangering public security and fire safety can report it to the public security fire department or the public security personnel on duty.
(10) Pay special attention to domestic fire, and don't place flammable items near the fire source.
(1 1) When the gas leaks, quickly close the valve, open the doors and windows, and do not touch the electrical switch or use naked flame.
(12) Worn and aged wires should be repaired and replaced in time.
(13) If the circuit fuse (chip) is blown, do not replace it with copper wire or iron wire.
(14) can't overload electricity.
(15) Call 1 19 as soon as you find a fire. There is no charge for the fire brigade to put out the fire.
(16) The personnel who know the situation should inform the firefighters of the personnel trapped in the fire and inflammable and explosive dangerous goods in time.
(17) When a fire breaks out, evacuate and escape quickly, and don't be greedy for property.
(18) When you have to escape through thick smoke, you should try to wrap your body with soaked clothes, cover your nose and mouth, and walk close to the ground.
(19) If there is a fire, you can roll on the spot or cover the fire with heavy clothes.
(20) When the door cannot escape from the fire, you can block the door with soaked bedding and clothes, splash water to cool down, and call for help.
Campus fire safety knowledge hidden danger article classroom fire hidden danger
The door is unclear or only one door has been opened.
Use high-power lighting or electric heating appliances to keep warm near flammable materials.
Use of electronic teaching AIDS in violation of operating procedures
Line aging or overload
Failing to store flammable materials in accordance with safety regulations
Smoking and throwing cigarette butts in the classroom
Laboratory fire hazard
Inflammable and explosive articles in the laboratory are improperly kept or damaged and overflow.
Violation of operating procedures during the experiment
There is a lack of special guidance during the experiment.
The experimental project lacks fire prevention measures.
Reagent mixing
The fire danger of the library
Short circuit of wires and electrical equipment
Matches, lighters, etc. are accidentally ignited.
Smoking and littering cigarette butts
Poor evacuation passage
Dormitory fire hazard
Use inferior electrical appliances
Illegal use of high-power electrical equipment makes the line overload.
Pull the wire privately.
Smoking in bed
Light candles and read under mosquito nets.
Unauthorized use of kerosene stoves, liquefied gas stoves, alcohol stoves and other appliances that may cause fire.
Burning debris
The desk lamp is close to the pillow and bedding.
The mobile phone charger is put on the bed to charge.
Fire hazard in auditorium and lecture hall
Wire aging
Littering cigarette butts
High-power lights are close to curtains or flammable decorations.
Illegal use of open flames
Security doors and evacuation routes are blocked.
Seriously exceeding the rated number of venues.