In ancient times, Vietnam was called Jiaozhi, Jiaozhou, Annan, China and the dynasties before the Song Dynasty were all under the jurisdiction of the county government. After the Five Dynasties and the Jin Dynasty, an accident happened in Jiaozhou under the jurisdiction of the Southern Han regime. Aizhou (now Vietnam Qinghua) sent troops for peace. In 938 AD, Wu Quan ambushed Haimen Town, defeated Liu Hongcao, the messenger of our South Korean crystal water master, and became king on his own. This is the origin of Annan's independence. When the war broke out at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Annan took the opportunity to leave China's territory and once sent troops to attack Yongping Village on Siming Road, surpassing the bronze pillars designated by the Yuan Dynasty for more than 200 miles, and occupied five counties, including, Ruyi, Qingyuan, Yuanyuan and Tuo. During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, told Chen Rikun, the king of Chen Dynasty, in Annan that he would return the land of the five counties to Siming Tusi. However, Li's national minister Chen at this time, his power, he threatened Chen Rikun, saying that soldiers refused to live. Zhu Yuanzhang paid attention to the war, focused on appeasement, and did not want to go to war again, so he ignored it, and Annan was in a semi-independent state from then on. 1407 China Ming dynasty sent troops to destroy Hu. Set up counties in Vietnam. Viet Nam returned to China. Vietnam/KLOC-Before the 0/8th century, the official characters of Vietnam used Chinese characters and Nan characters created by Vietnam based on Chinese characters. The historical records of Vietnam are written in Chinese characters, and Vietnam is proud of China as the suzerain country. Especially in A.D. 1454, China Ming Chengzu officially conferred the title of An Nan Guo in Renzong, Li Xinyu, and new kings came to power in succession. Only when they are awarded by the government of China can they be regarded as orthodox. As a barrier to China, the Vietnamese rulers called China King Annan, while at home they called themselves King Yue.
French Catholicism invaded Vietnam in the19th century. During the Second Opium War between Britain and France against China, France began to invade southern Vietnam by force (Nanqi, known in the West as Friendship zhina), making six southern provinces of Vietnam French colonies. Then set out from Saigon and explore the route to China along the Mekong River. After discovering that the upper reaches of the Mekong River were not suitable for navigation, they turned to northern Vietnam (Beiqi, known as Tokyo in the west) in an attempt to use the Red River as a passage to invade Yunnan, China. 1873 165438+ In October of the twelfth year of Tongzhi, more than 100 people, including French Paianye, invaded and captured Hanoi and its nearby areas. Vietnamese King Nguyen Fu Shi asked the Black Flag Army led by China Liu Yongfu, who was stationed in Baosheng (now Old Street) on the Sino-Vietnamese border at that time, to help resist the French invasion. In February 65438+, the Black Flag Army defeated France in the suburbs of Hanoi, Anye was killed and the French army was forced to return to southern Vietnam. 1On March 5th, 874, under the oppression and blackmail of the French aggressors, Vietnam signed the Vietnam-France Treaty of Peace Alliance, namely the Second Saigon Treaty. Vietnam opened the Red River to France and granted France various rights and interests such as trade in northern Vietnam. 1On May 25th, 875, France sent a note to the Qing government, announcing the contents of the treaty, in order to win the recognition of the Qing government, thus excluding the long-standing influence of China in Vietnam. 15 in June, the Qing government replied that it did not recognize the treaty.
1882 In March, the French government ordered zhina Navy Commander Li to command the invading army to invade northern Vietnam for the second time. In April, it invaded Hanoi, and then used warships to scout the Red River until it was near Shanxi in the northwest of Hanoi. In March of the following year, Hongji, a coal-producing base, and Nanding, a military base, were captured. The Vietnamese court repeatedly asked the Qing government to send troops to help. In view of the change of the situation, the Qing government ordered the authorities of Yunnan and Guangxi provinces to supervise the border guards to enter for a short time, but stressed that "you should not bother yourself." /kloc-In May, 2009, Liu Yongfu led the Black Flag Army to a decisive battle at Paper Bridge in Huaidefu, and more than 200 people under Li He's deputy commander were killed. The French army was forced to return to Hanoi. France used Li's death to incite a full-scale war of aggression against Vietnam. In addition to reinforcing the army, the North Vietnamese fleet was also formed, and troops were dispatched and actively deployed. In August, the French army strengthened its attack on the Black Flag Army of North Vietnam, and at the same time attacked central Vietnam with warships, reaching Hue, the capital of Vietnam. On August 25th, Vietnam was forced to sign the Hue Treaty, and gained the "protection right" to Vietnam. In order to realize the colonial rule of Vietnam and invade the southwest of China as soon as possible, the French invaders began to deal with China with all their strength. The crisis of Sino-French confrontation is approaching.
After the signing of Hue Treaty, which Vietnam surrendered to France, China became the only obstacle for France to occupy Vietnam. France decided to remove this obstacle, immediately banned all relations between Vietnam and China, and forced Vietnam to retreat to the French army including the Black Flag Army. This led to a direct confrontation with China.
France first wants to achieve its goal through diplomatic means. /kloc-In September of 0/5, the French government proposed a solution to the Vietnam issue to China, that is, drawing a narrow neutral zone to make China withdraw its troops in Vietnam, recognizing France's overall colonial rule over Vietnam, and opening Yunnan as a French commercial port. The proposal was rejected by the Qing government and the negotiations were fruitless. At this time, in view of the special relationship between China and Vietnam and the serious threat to China caused by the French invasion, hawks represented by Zuo Zhidong and Zhang Zhidong in the Qing ruling group advocated that the court should adopt an anti-French policy; However, Li Hongzhang, who held the diplomatic and military power of the Qing government, was bent on peace. The highest decision-making body in Qing Dynasty was indecisive. Militarily, it sent troops to Vietnam to help Vietnam, and repeatedly instructed the Qing army not to take the initiative to attack the French army. Diplomatically, while protesting France's invasion of Vietnam, it tried to reach a compromise through negotiations or mediation in a third country. This contradictory move greatly facilitated the deployment of French aggression. 10 year 10 On October 25th, the commander of the Tokyo Sub-fleet of France was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the North Vietnamese French army. 65438+At the beginning of February, it was decided to attack the defense of China Army in the Red River Delta.
The Sino-French War began with the Shanxi War in February 1883. The first target of French military action was Shanxi. Shanxi's defense forces are mainly the Black Flag Army, and there are seven regular battalions of Gui Jun and Yunnan Army. The French army 14 attacked, and the defenders of China were forced to carry out military resistance. Relying on superior equipment, the French army occupied Shanxi on 16.
1in February, 884, Mi Le became the commander-in-chief of the French army, and his strength increased to16,000, plotting to invade BAC ninh, planning a greater blow to China's army, thus forcing the Qing rulers to completely yield. During the Qing Dynasty, the government stationed about 40 battalions in Beining area, but because of the cowardice and uncoordinated generals and lax military discipline, the soldiers had no fighting spirit. /kloc-in March of 0/2, the French army attacked and BAC ninh fell; 19, Taiyuan fell; On April 12, the French army entered Xinghua. Taking advantage of its military victory, the French launched further political coercion against Vietnam and China. In June, the French government concluded a final protection treaty with Vietnam. After learning the news of the military defeat at the front, the Qing court replaced a large number of Xinjiang officials and courtiers to cover up the defeat. The Ministry of War was completely reorganized, and Prince Gong and others abdicated, and Prince Li Shiduo took over. Baylor (later Prince of Qing Dynasty) presided over the Prime Minister's yamen to handle state affairs, while the actual power was in the hands of Prince Alcohol (the father of Emperor Guangxu). Li Hongzhang was authorized to hold peace talks with French representatives. 1 1 In May, Li Hongzhang and French representative Flouno signed the Concise Treaty of Sino-French Conference (also known as the Li Fu Agreement) in Tianjin. The main contents are as follows: China agrees that "all treaties" between France and Vietnam should be ignored, that is, recognizing France's right to protect Vietnam; France agreed to "preserve and protect the Sino-Vietnamese border" and China agreed to "immediately transfer the defense battalion stationed in Beiqi back to the border"; China agreed to open the Sino-Vietnamese border for trade, and made it clear that when negotiating relevant commercial tariffs with France in the future, it should be "extremely beneficial to French business"; Detailed terms of the meeting of representatives of both parties within three months after the signing of this agreement. 17, Flonuno gave Li Hongzhang an abridgement, informing him that France had sent Badeno as a plenipotentiary to China to discuss the detailed terms of the meeting, and unilaterally stipulated the date of the phased "defense" of the China army in the original station in northern Vietnam. Li Hongzhang did not explicitly agree with this provision, nor did he explicitly object to it, nor did he report it to the Qing central government.
On June 23, the French army suddenly went to Beili near lang son (China was called Guanyin Bridge at that time) to "take defense" and unreasonably demanded that the Qing army return to China immediately. The China Garrison did not receive an order to retreat and asked the French to wait for a moment. The French army advanced by force, shot and killed the representatives of the Qing army and shelled the positions of the Qing army. The Qing army was forced to fight back. Two days later, the French army suffered nearly 100 casualties, especially the Qing army. This incident is known as "North Lebanon Conflict" or "Guanyin Bridge Incident". France used this as an excuse to expand the war, and noticed that the Qing government demanded that the troops stationed in Vietnam withdraw quickly and compensate the military expenditure of 250 million francs (about 38 million taels of silver), and threatened France to occupy one or two seaports in China as collateral for compensation. Although the Qing government thought it was unreasonable blackmail, it sent Ceng Guoquan, governor of the two rivers, to Xiadian in July to negotiate with Badeno to settle the dispute. The negotiations failed and France resorted to force again.
The French sent Badeno to negotiate with Ceng Guoquan, but at the same time, they continued to make trouble and started the war again. From1May, 1984, when the Concise Treaty was signed, France attacked Keelung, and from1August, 1984, the Mawei naval battle ended, which was the second stage of the Sino-French war, mainly in the southeast coast of China, and the land war in northern Vietnam continued.
The French merged their fleets in China and Viet Nam into the Far East Fleet, appointed Guba as Commander-in-Chief, and took the opportunity to station in Fuzhou and Keelung respectively. On the one hand, it coerces China to accept French conditions, on the other hand, it is ready to attack and occupy these ports at any time. On August 5, French ships shelled Keelung and landed forcibly. China's army stubbornly resisted under the command of Liu Mingchuan, the minister in charge of Taiwan Province affairs, and the French army had to return to the sea for standby. Subsequently, the French Parliament authorized the government to "use all necessary means" to make China yield, and the French government drew up new conditions to coerce China, demanding compensation of 80 million francs, to be paid in ten years. The Qing government did not accept it. Sino-French diplomatic relations have officially broken down. On 23rd, the French army attacked China ships with the advantage of sailing into Fuzhou and Majiang in advance, and the China navy fought hastily. In an instant, 1 1 warship was sunk or injured, and nearly 800 soldiers were killed. French ships shelled mawei shipyard (Fuzhou Shipping Bureau) and destroyed it. After several days of wanton destruction of coastal defense facilities between Mawei and Haikou, they sailed out of the Minjiang Estuary and gathered in Mazu 'ao.
The fiasco of Fujian Navy in Ma Jiang shocked China's ruling and opposition parties. Under the pressure of the main battle public opinion, the Qing government was forced to formally declare war on France on August 26th. In view of the fact that it is difficult to compete with the enemy at sea, under the guidance of the idea of "leading the enemy to cross the border is the best policy", the strategic policy of defending the southeast coast and counterattacking the north by land has been established. The French army attempted to attack Taipei in the east and lang son in the west, taking the land as hostage and extorting reparations. At the beginning of 10, the main force of the French Far East Fleet raided Keelung and Huwei (now Danshui) in northern Taiwan Province Province, and the garrison commander Liu Mingchuan withdrew from Keelung, making it easy for the French army to occupy Keelung. However, the French army that invaded the last road of Shanghai was frustrated and lost back to the sea. Since then, the war in Taiwan Province Province has been in a stalemate, and the strategic attempt of the French army has not been fully realized (see the Battle of Keelung at the end of Shanghai). 1in June, 885, in order to break the blockade of Taiwan Province Strait by French ships, Nanyang Navy sent five ships, including Kaiji, to help Taiwan, and pulled out seven ships to intercept it. At the end of February and the beginning of March, French ships invaded Zhenhai (now Ningbo) in pursuit of China's aid ships. Ouyang Li, the prefect of Zhejiang Province, saw that the defenders led by the prefect used the preset coastal defense fortifications to fight back tenaciously, repelling the invading enemy and winning the Zhenhai campaign.
In the northern battlefield of Vietnam, the Qing army on the eastern front once again went through the customs. At one time, Kerangat and its northern region were immediately counterattacked by the French army, and Lien Chan was defeated. 1885 in late February, all retreated to Guangxi. Under the command of Cen, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, the Qing army re-entered Vietnam on the western front and launched the battle of Xuanguang. 1February 884 to1March 885, the main force besieged Xuanguang, Enemy at the Gates, and the city was not broken. The French army had too many reinforcements and had to retreat. On March 23, the Yunnan Army and the Black Flag Army defeated the French army near Lintao, and the situation on the western front improved. At the same time, under the correct command of Feng Zicai, a veteran of military affairs outside Guangxi, relying on the favorable terrain and field fortifications near Neiguan Qianguan (now Guangxi Friendship Pass), the Qing army on the Eastern Front won a great victory in Zhennanguan on March 23-24, shocking China and foreign countries and turning the tide. After that, the Qing army on the Eastern Front defeated lang son and pushed south. The striker advanced to Langjia and the bow (now the land shore).
At the end of the war, the Sino-French negotiations and the Sino-French war, the two sides increased their troops one after another. The French army has a total strength of about 20,000 people and advanced weapons and equipment, especially surface ships. The Qing army has more than10,000 troops, but it is mainly the army, and poor weapons and cold weapons still account for a considerable proportion. China's army won several battles, especially in the town, which dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the French invaders. Rufeili's cabinet, which started this war, was forced to resign on March 3 1. However, the Qing government failed to make full use of the favorable conditions at that time to develop a good situation. Instead, they adopted Li Hongzhang and others' idea of "winning by war", signed an armistice agreement with France on April 4, and immediately forced the former enemy generals to stop fighting and withdraw their troops within a time limit. On June 9, Li Hongzhang signed the humiliating Sino-French New Testament (namely, Article 10 of the Sino-French Vietnam Treaty) with French Minister Bardino in Tianjin. The Qing government recognized the French-Vietnamese treaty and gave up the suzerainty over Vietnam.
At this point, China lost its former vassal state forever.
A hundred years of gratitude and resentment between China and Vietnam-* * * the same revolution
By the end of 19, France had turned Vietnam into its own colony. In addition to extorting money, it also stepped up its "development" activities in Vietnam for the purpose of plunder. The vast rural areas are increasingly depressed, and the vast number of farmers go bankrupt and become cheap labor, suffering from extremely cruel economic exploitation and political oppression.
Ho Chi Minh was born and raised in an era of deepening national crisis in Vietnam. After World War I, Ho Chi Minh came to Paris. Explore the truth of saving the country.
1920 65438+In February, under the influence of the October Revolution in Russia, the French Socialist Party held a congress in Toure, and the Socialist Party split. Left-wing socialists withdrew from the socialist party and established the French * * * production party affiliated to the Third International. Ho Chi Minh realized that only the * * * production party was the party fighting for the liberation of the people in the colonies and became the first batch of French * * * production parties.
At that time, China's party organizations and organizations in Paris had unified organs and unified leading bodies. Headquartered in a hotel atNo. Godfrey Street 17 near Piazza Italia in the south of Paris, China sent people to contact the French Production Party and the French Socialist Youth League after the establishment of the European Party and the Youth League. French Communist Party organizations sent people to give lectures to Comrade China. The activities of French production party organizations and leaders often involve Comrade China. Therefore, in this foreign exchange activity, Ho Chi Minh forged a profound fighting friendship with Zhou Enlai, secretary of the European branch of the Communist Party of China (CPC). 1956165438+1October 2 1 Day President Ho Chi Minh once publicly introduced Zhou Enlai at a banquet in Hanoi to welcome Premier Zhou Enlai's first official visit to Vietnam, saying, "Zhou Enlai is my brother. We used to share joys and sorrows and work together in the revolutionary work. He is my close comrade-in-arms for more than 30 years. "
1At the end of 923, Ho Chi Minh came to Moscow from Paris and studied at the Oriental University, where he conducted two theoretical studies. During his stay in Moscow, Ho Chi Minh edited the book Youth in China and China. As the representative of the China Socialist Youth League in the International Youth League, Zhang provided many documents and materials about the activities of the China Socialist Youth League for Ho Chi Minh to write this book.
1at the end of 924, Ho Chi Minh left Moscow for Guangzhou, China. At that time, Guangdong became the center of the national revolution and the revolutionary base during the First Revolutionary Civil War because of the anti-imperialist national United front policy of the China Producer Party. When Ho Chi Minh came to Guangzhou, the China Revolution centered on Guangzhou was in full swing. While actively participating in the China Revolution, Ho Chi Minh led the struggle of the Vietnamese people through various channels.
With the support and help of Guangdong China Production Party, Ho Chi Minh established the Vietnam Youth Revolutionary Comrades' Association and held a special political training class in Guangzhou. At the invitation of Ho Chi Minh, some leading comrades from universities in Zhou Enlai, Zhang Dalei, Chen Yannian, Li Fuchun, Peng Pai and other provinces and ports gave lectures on special political training courses. At that time, Zhou Enlai was a member of the Standing Committee of Guangdong Provincial Committee in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and concurrently served as the director of the political department of Huangpu Military Academy. Taking advantage of this condition, Ho Chi Minh, while holding training courses, also selected some outstanding young people to further their studies at the Whampoa Military Academy to study military affairs and politics under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai. One of the students recalled: "At that time, Chinese and Vietnamese revolutionaries were really like-minded and close as brothers. At that time, there was no canteen in the political training class. We come to the Agricultural Institute for dinner every day and often sing' Down with the great powers, down with the great powers except the warlords' with Comrade China. " Subsequently, Ho Chi Minh led the students to return to China for revolution.
According to the instructions of * * * Production International, Ho Chi Minh left Thailand for Hong Kong in June of 1929 and June of 10, and prepared to convene a meeting as a member of the Oriental Department of * * * Production International and the head of the Southeast Asian Department, so as to unify the three Vietnamese * * * production organizations into a * * * production party. With the help of the secret organization of Guangdong Provincial Committee of Hong Kong China * * * Production Party, a "unification meeting" was held in Kowloon City, Hong Kong on February 3, 1930. Under the direct leadership of Ho Chi Minh, after careful discussion and consultation, representatives of various producers' organizations finally agreed to merge the three producers' organizations into a proletarian political party, named Vietnam Producers' Party.
1 September, 9391day, Germany attacked Poland, which officially kicked off World War II. On September 3rd, France declared war on Germany. 1On September 22nd, 940, the Japanese army attacked lang son, and at the same time landed on heaped-up mountains near Haiphong with 6,000 troops. After several hours of fierce fighting in the border area between Vietnam and China, Vietnamese Governor Dai Gu hastily surrendered to the Japanese army and accepted its control of zhina. Since then, control of Vietnam has changed hands.
194 1 February, Vietnamese people's leader Ho Chi Minh returned to China and established the secret command organ of the Indo-Chinese Party Central Committee on the northern slope of Gaoping Province. We are here to train cadres, develop organizations, establish revolutionary base areas and carry out guerrilla warfare. Wu Yuanjia (later Commander-in-Chief of the Vietnamese Armed Forces) and others stayed in Jingxi, Guangxi, China to consolidate and develop the overseas base areas of the Vietnamese revolution.
The northern slope guerrilla base area belongs to Heguang County, Gaoping Province, and is adjacent to Jingxi County and Napo County in Guangxi, China. Since 1930s, Vietnamese revolutionaries Huang, Chen, Chen, etc. He once carried out revolutionary activities in Jingxi and Napo counties on the Vietnam-China border, met many border people in China and established deep feelings with them. With the help of the border people in China, Vietnamese revolutionaries opened several traffic lines from the northern slope to Guangxi, China. Every traffic line has the home of China border people as the secret contact point of Vietnamese revolutionaries.
194 1 At the end of the year, the guerrilla base area on the northern slope was established 12 Armed Task Force, 194 1 In February and September, three squadrons of the Vietnam Salvation Army were established one after another. 1944 12, the propaganda team of the Vietnamese people's liberation army was established, which was composed of the backbone of guerrillas and concentrated most of the armed forces, laying a good foundation for the establishment of the main force.
1On June 4th, 945, the Vietnam National Salvation Army and the Vietnam Armed Propaganda Team merged into the Vietnam Liberation Army. Two guerrilla base areas were established in Gaoping and Beishan. The Gaoping Revolutionary Base was led by Ho Chi Minh, Fan Wentong, Wu Yuanjia, Huang Wenhuan and Wu Ying. The Wuyi Rock Wall Base in Beishan is led by Feng Zhijian, Liang and Li. 1943, these two base areas were linked together, which created conditions for the birth of the later liberated areas.
On August 1945, 1 1 day, Japanese imperialism declared its unconditional surrender. The objective conditions for the Vietnamese people's general uprising are ripe. August 14 to August 18, Gaoping and Peiping? Armed uprisings were held in lang son, Xuanguang, Taiyuan, Ampei, Fushou, Beijiang, Yong 'an, Fuan, Beining, Hedong, Shanxi, Haiyang, Xing 'an, Jian 'an, Ningping, Taiping, Qinghua, Yi 'an, Hejing, Guangyi, Qinghe, Mei Sheng and Shali provinces. On August 16, 2006, a People's Liberation Army under the command of Wu Yuanjia set out from the fashionable liberated Taiyuan City. On August 19, 23 and 25, Hanoi, Hue and Saigon were successively liberated. /kloc-In August of 0/3, Baoda, the last emperor of Ruan Dynasty, was forced to abdicate and handed over the symbol of this dynasty's rule-the golden seal and Jin Jian inlaid with five precious stones to the Vietnamese interim government.
1September 2, 945, the interim government declared Vietnam's democratic independence. At the celebration of 500,000 people in Bating Square in Hanoi, President Ho Chi Minh read out the Declaration of Independence. On the same day, the China government accepted the surrender of the Japanese aggressors.
1At the Potsdam meeting on July 26th, 945, the allied countries Gome, Britain and the Soviet Union decided to divide zhina into two surrender areas, so that the Japanese army could come in and disarm after Japan surrendered. The south of the north latitude 16 degree line is under the responsibility of the British army; The north of 16 degree line was occupied by Chiang Kai-shek's army.
On the land of Vietnam at that time, there were more than 60,000 Japanese troops, 200,000 Chiang Kai-shek troops and 5,000 newly transferred British and Indian troops. At the same time, tens of thousands of French expeditionary forces came one after another, and thousands of French troops who lost in the Battle of zhina rearmed and prepared to restore their sovereignty over Vietnam.
1946 On February 28th, China and France signed an agreement. China recognized France's protection right in zhina in exchange for France's return of Shanghai, Hankou, Guangzhou and Guangzhou Bay to China. And resell the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway to China.
At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to safeguard national sovereignty and stop French aggression, the Vietnamese government adopted the strategy of seeking progress with peace and negotiated with France. 1March 6, 946, Vietnam and France signed a "preliminary agreement"; /kloc-In September of 0/4, the "temporary agreement" was signed again, which led to the easing of the situation in the past year. However, on the afternoon of 1946 12 19, the French army began to launch a general attack on Hanoi. At this point, France has completely torn up the peace agreement and launched an all-out war against Vietnam.
After four years of war, the French army still couldn't wipe out the Vietnamese guerrillas in the mountains. 1949 In September, China won a decisive victory in the War of Liberation, and President Ho Chi Minh sent someone to China to directly contact the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and ask for assistance. Later, with the triumphant March of the China People's Liberation Army (PLA) with a million mighty divisions southward, the traffic lines along the Sino-Vietnamese border were finally established.
1950 65438+1October 14, Ho Chi Minh issued a statement on behalf of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, solemnly declaring: "The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is the sole legitimate government of all Vietnamese people. For the general interests of the people, the Democratic People's Republic of Vietnam is ready to establish diplomatic relations with any government willing to cooperate with it on the basis of equality and mutual respect for national sovereignty and territory, so as to safeguard world peace and democracy. " 65438+ 10 15, Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam wrote to Premier and Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai, announcing that he "recognized the China People's Government led by President Mao Zedong" and "decided to establish formal diplomatic relations with the China People's Government and exchange ambassadors". Premier Zhou Enlai replied to Vietnamese Foreign Minister Mingjian Huang on June 5438+ 10/8, 2008, welcoming the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam. Therefore, China became the first country to recognize the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam.
At this point, the stage of China-Vietnam * * with revolution * * with the founding of the country has ended. It should be said that Vietnam's independent founding movement cannot be separated from China's vigorous assistance. Without China, there would be no independence of Vietnam.