1, evolution theory of technical system
The evolution of technological system is not random, but follows certain objective laws; Similar to the evolution of biological systems, technological systems are also faced with natural selection and survival of the fittest. In TRIZ theory, the S-curve of technological evolution system is the curve of the change law of technological system from gestation, growth, maturity to decline, which mainly evaluates the maturity of existing technologies and is conducive to rational investment and layout.
(1) infancy: the new technology system has just started, with low efficiency, poor reliability and slow system development;
(2) Growth period: the value and market potential of the new system are recognized, and a lot of manpower, financial resources and material resources are invested to improve efficiency and value, attract more investors, and the system develops at a high speed;
(3) Maturity: the system is becoming more and more perfect, the system performance level reaches the best, the profit is the largest and there is a downward trend, and the research level is low;
(4) Decline period: When the technology reaches the limit, it is difficult to make any new breakthrough, and it will be replaced by a new technology system.
After four periods, each technical system is constantly replaced by new technical systems, and new technologies appear, thus forming a cyclic S curve.
2. Contradiction, contradiction matrix and innovation principle.
TRIZ theory divides technical contradiction into technical contradiction and physical contradiction. When there is a contradiction in each technology, it can be transformed into a standard TRIZ problem. Then, using the solution of technical contradiction and physical contradiction of TRIZ theory, combined with 40 innovative principles of TRIZ theory, the problem is solved according to the actual situation.
① Technical contradiction
Technical contradiction means that when the improvement of one characteristic inevitably leads to the deterioration of other characteristics of the system, there is mutual restriction between the two parameters, which is technical contradiction. After the actual problems are transformed into technical contradictions, the corresponding innovation principles can be obtained by using the contradiction matrix, and then according to the actual problems, inspired by these innovation principles, the solutions to the actual problems are put forward.
The contradiction matrix table can draw the required innovation principle, and the technical contradiction problem can be solved. This is one of the procedures of TRIZ theory. Any technical contradiction can be solved by contradiction matrix, and the solution can be found according to the principle of innovation.
② Physical contradiction
Physical contradiction means that two factors in the technical system have completely different or mutually exclusive requirements for the same performance. The solutions to physical contradictions mainly include separation principle, spatial separation, time separation, conditional separation, whole and part separation: spatial separation refers to separating the two sides of contradictions in different spaces to reduce the difficulty of solving problems and then find solutions to problems; Time separation refers to the separation of contradictory parties in different time periods to reduce the difficulty of solving problems; Conditional separation refers to the separation of contradictory parties under different conditions to reduce the difficulty of solving problems; The separation of the whole and the part refers to the separation of the two sides of the conflict at different levels to reduce the difficulty of solving the problem.
3. Material field analysis method
Material field analysis refers to the theory and method of analyzing and constructing the minimum technical system from the perspective of matter and field, and it is a common method to solve problems in TRIZ theory. If a technology wants to play its function, it should at least constitute a minimum system model, which should have three essential elements: two substances S 1, S2 and a field F.
The model can be interpreted as that S 1 acts on S2 through F. S 1 and S2 can be any substance, and F represents the interaction between them. Through the establishment of material field, the solution is found according to 76 standard solutions of TRIZ theory. The standard solutions are divided into five categories: structural and destructive material fields (13 standard solutions); Develop the field of materials (23 standard solutions); Transition to super system and micro level (6 standard solutions); Measurement and detection (17 standard solution); Introduce the substance or field (17 standard solution).
4. Arizona
Inventing problem solving algorithm is the main method to analyze and solve problems in TRIZ theory. Because some technical systems and their related components with complex scenes and unclear contradictions can't analyze obvious contradictions and can't directly rely on contradiction matrix and material field analysis to solve them, we must analyze them step by step and refine the problems continuously until we find a solution to the problems. It is a non-computational logical process of a series of deformation and redefinition of the initial problem, which realizes the gradual and in-depth analysis and transformation of the problem and finally solves the problem. In ARIZ, the process of solving innovative problems is a process of constantly describing and standardizing problems. In the process of solving the problem, the most fundamental contradiction of the initial problem is not easy to describe. If the existing data in the solution library can be used for this problem, it is a standard solution; If the existing data can't solve this problem, there is no standard solution and it needs to be realized through the process of ARIZ algorithm.
ARIZ algorithm is generally divided into several steps:
① Situation analysis, constructing problem model;
② Problem model analysis based on object field analysis or separation principle;
③ Define the final ideal solution and physical contradiction;
④ Solving physiological contradictions;
⑤ If the contradiction cannot be solved, adjust or reconstruct the initial problem model.