It is very important to practice broadcasting and vocalization, so what training methods are there? The following is my introduction to the oral training method of broadcasting voice. Welcome to read!

The first part of vocal system training

What should the sound be like when reading aloud? This is inconclusive. However, if a good reader's pronunciation is not clear and accurate enough, his pronunciation and intonation are inappropriate, and even he has a local accent, the effect of reading aloud will inevitably have an impact, but it can be large or small. What's more, if you use your voice unscientific, it will easily lead to hoarseness, swollen throat and even vocal cord lesions, which is not good for your health. It is necessary for every reader to improve his vocal ability (breath and * * * control, pronunciation and correct use of sound) systematically and scientifically.

On the other hand, regarding Putonghua, I would like to say that although dialects are sometimes used for reading aloud, as the standard language of China people, it is necessary to train Putonghua in pronunciation.

This chapter is divided into seven parts, namely, oral training, breath control training, singing control training, voice flexibility, pronunciation training, voice use and voice protection, and other matters needing attention.

The first oral training

A flexible mouth speaks quickly. Do you feel that getting up in the morning is not as smooth as speaking in the afternoon or at night? Of course, the mouth muscles have rested all night, and of course they are not so flexible. So doing oral gymnastics helps us to use our mouths better-

1, mouth opening and closing practice

Open your mouth like yawning, close your mouth like eating an apple. Open your mouth gently, lift the corners of your mouth obliquely upward, slightly relax your upper and lower lips, and naturally extend your tongue horizontally. Doing this exercise is to overcome the problem of mouth opening.

2. Chewing exercises

The combination of chewing with your mouth open and chewing with your mouth closed naturally makes your tongue flat.

3, lip exercises

Turn your lips forward, backward, left, right, up, down, left and right.

4, tongue practice

The tip of the tongue pushes the teeth downward, and the tongue surface gradually becomes warped.

The tip of the tongue is on the left and right sides of the mouth and rotates up and down on the front teeth.

The tip of the tongue extends outward and forwards, left and right, up and down.

The tongue stands left and right in the mouth.

Play with the tip of your tongue, hard palate and lips.

The tip of the tongue comes into contact with the upper gum.

The base of the tongue is in contact with the soft palate.

5, zygomatic muscle training

A nervous smirk.

Second respiratory control training

Without breathing, the vocal cords cannot vibrate. But it's not enough just to make the vocal cords sound. If you want the sound to be elastic and lasting, what you need is continuous air supply to the vocal cords. I'm here to introduce some breath control methods to help you control the airflow and then control the sound.

First, chest and abdomen combined breathing method

After inhalation, the ribs are enlarged, the diaphragm is lowered, and the lower abdomen is slightly contracted.

Thoracoabdominal combined breathing is a method that should be mastered when reading aloud. This kind of breathing has a wide range of activities and strong flexibility, which can make the breath even and balanced. The ideal state is "inhale a large piece and exhale a line;" The gas is broken and the sound is broken. " Practice method:

1, slow suction and slow call

General requirements-stand firm, look straight ahead, keep your head straight, relax your shoulders, breathe in slowly like a flower breathing in the wilderness. Feel the expansion between the waist and abdomen, inhale into the abdomen, but close the lower abdomen. Hold for a few seconds, then exhale slowly.

You can add the following exercises when exhaling: practice Xiaolan (Pinyin Xiaolan) when exhaling, and gradually fade it; Or count 1, 2, 3, 4 ... with your mouth, don't close the glottis between pronunciations, and don't run out of breath. The more you count, the better.

2, fast suction and slow call

Inhale quickly and briefly and keep breathing; Exhale slowly when exhaling, with the sound, smooth and even. This method is often used in training lectures. When exhaling, you can practice the following vocalization:

Babababa

A low answer is a big one.

Exaggerated vocal training: I miss back in the game. ...

Breathing exercise: Red flags are floating in the square. See how many flags you can count, one, two, three, four and five. ...

This form is often used for "several treasures" in cross talk sketches, and everyone can observe the breathing of actors.

Second, strong control exercises.

It is required to inhale deeply and keep a certain amount, and exhale evenly, smoothly and flexibly.

Strong control practice needs a little knowledge of vocal music practice, which is not easy to introduce here. You can recall: Yang Zirong drank and sang in "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward", which ended with "Aha, hahaha, hahaha, hahaha ..." This is the basic feeling. To understand the role of diaphragm and abdominal muscles, the breath should sink when making a sound. Reference exercise poem:

Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong", Mao Zedong's "Remembering Qin E Lou Shan Guan" and Chen Ran's "My Confessions"

News announcers usually use strong control when broadcasting short messages.

Third, weak control exercises

1, inhale deeply and exhale evenly. Pronounce the four tones of aiuaiuangiang slowly and continuously.

2. Exaggerate tone, prolong pronunciation and control breath. Bonus, willow green, H-UA H-ONG L-IUL-V (when pronouncing, the breath between initials and finals is elongated, and it should be uniform and constant)

3. By exaggerating continuity, controlling breath and expanding range. Reference exercise poem:

Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn, etc.

Breath control training can grasp the four-word policy of "deep (deep inhalation), even (even breathing), smooth (smooth breathing) and flexible use", and pay attention to the combination of breath and content.

Simple pronunciation and breath training is not effective, which requires us to experience and use it constantly in the actual reading process.

The third * * * Ming control training

We all have this experience: the louder the noise, the hoarse and tired voice. Actually, there is also training. For example, in order to let others hear us, especially when there are many people, we unconsciously raise our voices and soon feel "lost".

In fact, a good vocalist uses only 1/5 of the total energy to control the shape and movement of vocal organs. In the process of producing * * * sound, the organ of * * * sound retouchs the original sound from the vocal cords to make the sound round and beautiful. Scientific adjustment of vocal organs can enrich or change the color of sound, protect vocal cords and prolong life.

In reading aloud, the alto (the most comfortable state for you to speak at ordinary times) is used the most, and it is mainly formed in the upper and lower parts of the mouth, which determines that the center of gravity of the * * * sound is in the upper and lower parts of the mouth, with the oral * * * sound as the main one. Here, I would like to mention a little about * * * singing skills. Generally speaking, * * * vocal cavity includes head cavity, nasal cavity, oral cavity and chest cavity, and these four * * * vocal cavities are the most basic. Abdominal singing is also mentioned in vocal music, but some people disagree with this idea.

In addition to the mouth * * * sound, the chest * * * sound is the foundation, you can add a little more. If there is a treble, it is best to increase the breathing volume and play the role of nasal cavity and head cavity.

If you want a round and concentrated voice, you need to change the conditions of oral singing. When pronouncing, focus your strength on your lips, relax your chin, open your jaw, relax your throat, lift your cheekbones, cheeks and smiles, and lift them at the corners of your mouth when exercising together. You can relax your throat, tongue base and chin by inhaling with your mouth open or feeling "half yawning", and then the sound from your mouth will be louder. When you open your mouth, pay attention to the folding of your lips.

1, oral * * * training

The most important point of oral phonation is that the nasopharynx should be closed when phonating, so as to avoid rhinorrhea. You can experience it through the following exercises, which are basically based on Kaiyuan sounds:

Ba da Jia Pataca

Pompa papa

The four tones of Putonghua, the accurate name is Shangsheng; The second sound is flat; On the third note; The fourth voice sounded. When we are doing voice training, we often use flat tones, which is conducive to understanding sound and breath.

Phrase practice:

Hail, take photos, calmly attack criticism ...

Flower la la la la la la la la la. ...

Happy rice paper frustrated chrysanthemum donation ostentatious crow ...

Tongue twister:

Five trees on the mountain, five pots of vinegar on the shelf, five deer in the forest and five pants in the cupboard. Cut down the trees on the mountain, take the vinegar off the shelf, catch the deer in the forest and take out the pants in the cupboard.

2, nasal cavity training

Nasal vocalization is achieved through the soft palate, which is how the standard nasal consonants M, N and ng are pronounced. Some people think nasal sounds are nice and rich, but too many nasal sounds are just like a cold.

Pronounce an i u sound and add some nasal sounds.

Nasal consonant Mamimoue Naninu

Phrase practice:

Mom, the light center accepts ideas. ...

In the blue sky, white clouds are floating, horses are running, whips are ringing everywhere, and birds are Qi Fei.

3, chest * * * training

The space and energy in the chest are large, and the sound is deep and wide, and the sound is deeper and wider.

The vowel "A" is straight up and straight down.

Phrase practice:

It's too late to regret it ...

Xiaoliu, planted all over the ground, golden flowers wither and silver flowers bloom.

4, head cavity * * *, abdominal cavity * * *

Basically, you don't need these two * * * sounds in the process of speaking. The male voice is high, and I feel the feeling of the voice coming from the eyebrows. Basically, singing in the chest and nose, and reading aloud are more than enough.

Fourth sound elasticity

Sound has elasticity and variability, which is the elasticity of sound. Only when the voice is elastic can it adapt to the changes of thoughts and feelings and meet the needs of lecture content.

The training of sound elasticity is relatively simple, and the following two methods can be adopted:

1, enlarge the range, increase the volume and control the breath. Pay attention to the level, intensity and reality of the sound when practicing.

The method is: take a breath, then hold your breath, keep the glottis closed and start pronouncing. At this time, the voice is loud and solid, and then the glottis are gradually opened, and the voice is bright and soft. Pay attention to the feeling of the throat at this time. ), rigidity, thickness, light and shade, etc.

A, A, I, U, slide up from the bass and down from the treble. 、

This exercise can mainly exercise your fine recognition and control of timbre. Many things in the book are abstract, and teachers can't learn them in a few classes. You need to feel it in your own constant practice. )

B, /a/, /i/ winding, spiral winding up and down;

C, long-distance dialogue practice, practice changing distance at any time.

A: Hello-Hello-Xiao Fang-

B: Um-

Come on.-Ah-

What's the matter?-Ah-

A: Let's go and see a movie.

B: OK!

2. Exaggerate the sound, increase the range of action, and make a sound with the breath of dantian.

Allegro is the most obvious example. Imagine the voice state of the actor who says Allegro, and try to find a piece of Allegro to experience the elasticity of the voice.

Fifth pronunciation training

Mandarin syllables are divided into initials, finals and tones, which can also be called prefix, neck, abdomen, tail and spirit.

Here, I won't elaborate on the vocal requirements of these specific syllables. As can be seen from these words, if you want to make the sound sound "like pouring pearls into a plate of jade", enunciation and echo are a series of controls from opening your mouth, luck, exhaling, sounding, maintaining, continuing to the end, so don't be casual and don't be shy. It's basically enough for a trainer to enunciate clearly. If you want to by going up one flight of stairs, you need to practice hard.

The practice of word pronunciation and echo is basically carried out by tongue twisters. From the systematic practice method, according to the pronunciation position, breath and rhyme of different initials and finals, it can be divided into: double lip sound, lip tooth sound, tongue tip sound, tongue root sound, tongue curl sound and flat tongue sound; Open your mouth, bite your teeth, close your mouth and pinch your mouth; There are 13 tracks of training.

Baishi was white and slippery, so I moved to Baishi to build the White Pagoda. White stone pagoda, white stone pagoda, white stone pagoda, white stone pagoda. The white stone pagoda is white and slippery.

Four and ten, ten and four, fourteen and forty, forty and fourteen. Say four and ten with your tongue and teeth. Who says forty is a "thin seat"? His tongue is not hard. Who says fourteen years old is "timely"? His tongue is not straight. Study hard and practice often, fourteen, forty, forty-four.

There is a boat with white sails in the river. The wind blew the sails forward and stopped the ship without sails.

Old Tang climbed the pagoda on a stool with egg soup. The soup spilled on the pagoda because the stool was too slippery.

This is a silkworm and that is a cicada. Silkworms often hide in leaves and cicadas often sing in the forest.

China's ancient poems and songs are all good materials, which are easy to find, so I won't go into details. Conscious practice is certainly helpful to our pronunciation and pronunciation. We don't have to look for time, place and materials, but we can use them anytime and anywhere: for example, on the bus to and from work, listening to radio, advertisements and station announcements; Watch TV and news at home and broadcast it by announcer; Watch the literary evening, observe the actors such as cross talk, storytelling and Allegro, and imitate them in time. ...

To make the audience accept themselves, besides the necessary knowledge, some vivid language, expressions and performances are also factors that attract them. These exercises can also be achieved through the above exercises.

Sixth, use sound and voice protection.

1, requirements for reading aloud

Reading language requires accuracy, vividness, vividness and appeal. We can't read aloud with different sound colors according to the content of the article as we usually do.

In order to make the audience hear clearly, readers often increase the volume (unless they use microphones and other equipment). When using sound, they must pay attention to the use of breath to make the sound fuller, richer and more penetrating, and effectively protect the sound.

2, sound and emotion, sound, gas

There is a saying in the broadcasting course called "the highest emotion, the highest voice and the deepest anger". In fact, in the training process, the relationship between the three is also the same.

Some people are either overly nervous or indifferent before reading aloud. How can they be healthy and have no feelings to infect others? Therefore, we should make preparations in advance, adjust our mood, get into the state as soon as possible, and keep our spirits up.

Some people, when making a sound, have incorrect posture and posture, such as too hard chin, loud voice, or stiff chest, which leads to the sound being squeezed, pinched, narrow, dull and dumb. When training, you should do it: don't shout the high notes, and don't let the low notes go. Only by coordinating qi, sound and emotion and skillfully using our voice can we attract students and protect our voice.

3, the sound protection method

A, keep exercising, swimming and long-distance running are the most effective methods, and keep practicing your voice step by step in the right way;

B, when practicing voice, the voice is from small to large, from near to far, from weak to strong, from high to low, so as to avoid shouting and damaging the vocal cords from the beginning;

C, ensuring adequate sleep is the best measure to protect vocal cords;

D, when you are sick, especially when you have a cold, try to use less sound. At this time, the vocal cord mucosa is thickened and prone to lesions;

E, women in the physiological cycle or other reasons lead to congestion of the nose, pharynx and vocal cords, it is forbidden to practice;

F, try to eat less spicy food, greasy, sweet and greasy, hot and cold food is also the killer of the throat, alcohol and tobacco should also be avoided;

G, insist on gargling with light salt water, which can eliminate inflammation and protect the throat;

H, Chinese medicine: boat-fruited Sterculia+rock sugar Huangshiyin pills (there are many kinds of throat tablets that are not recommended to be used frequently, and some ingredients can diminish inflammation and sterilize. If there is no pharyngeal inflammation, antibacterial components will kill normal oral flora, resulting in flora imbalance, but it is easier to induce inflammation; Mint-flavored throat lozenges can constrict blood vessels and weaken the disease resistance of mucous membranes. Long-term abuse can lead to oral ulcers.

In short, no matter what kind of throat lozenge is taken for a long time, the throat will be stimulated for a long time, causing edema of the throat mucosa and thickening of the vocal cords, resulting in hoarse voice. ) There are Jinsizi Houbao, watermelon frost, Caoshanhu Buccal Tablets, Yin Qing Pills, etc. , are all good medicine.

4. Common mistakes and their correction

1), flat

Tone: dull, lacking luster (brightness).

Cause: the oral muscles are slack and the teeth can't be opened. There is no * * * sound in this voice, which gives the audience the feeling of silence.

Correct:

A, strengthen the key practice of 2 1 initials, and combine the four sounds of opening, accurate, closing and pinching to exercise the oral cavity comprehensively;

B, double lip sounds /b, p, m/ Practice the syllables spelled with Kaiyuan sounds, slow down, produce strong sounds, stand with a rhyme, and put away the suffix b-ang-bang.

Pangpang

(Pang) Busy (Hundred)

C. If you encounter initials and finals behind the pronunciation part, you should consciously send them forward, and the pronunciation part will move forward without affecting the timbre.

D, the four-character method: flowers, red willows, green flowers, Meijiang, mountains and rivers, and clear water are well known.

E. tongue twister

2) Shouting.

Tone: sharp, harsh, rough and sometimes out of tune.

Causes: blind pursuit of high notes, shallow breathing, tense tongue base, neck and jaw muscles, and tight throat.

Solve:

A. Adjust breathing, inhale deeply, control exhalation, lift the soft palate, and relax the base of the tongue and the lower palate;

B, don't strengthen the treble, so the sound will develop to a low width;

C. pronounce the six main vowels of an o e i u v from your most natural alto, and the voice should be open and stand;

D, usually practice some soft poems, folk songs, short sentences, etc.

3) Nasal sounds

Tone: dull and dry, like a cold and stuffy nose.

Causes: the mouth is not open enough, the soft palate is unable to collapse, and the middle part of the tongue is raised to make some air flow into the nasal cavity, thus losing some oral sounds.

Correct:

A, close the nasal passage, lift the soft palate with the feeling of half yawning, relax the base of the tongue and mandible, and enlarge the opening of the posterior acoustic cavity;

B. Pronounce six vowels with the above feelings, and the general trend of pronunciation is downward feeling;

C. Disassembling exercise 16 The main vowels and nasal vowels: ang-a-nguan-u-a-nong-n-ging-i-ng.

D, pay attention to practicing less syllables: people with nasal sounds should practice syllables that start with /m, n/ and end with /n, ng/.

4) Pinch

Tone: thin and flat, the voice seems to be squeezed out of the mouth.

Cause: The throat is pinched due to the depression or rigidity of the tongue root. At this time, the soft palate is too low to open. Some people will naturally raise their voices in order to pursue the effect of bright voice and bright front, which will lead to pinching. This kind of sound increases the burden of vocal cords, affects the range of vocal cords, and easily damages the voice;

Solve:

A, change the incorrect breathing method, adopt chest-abdomen combined breathing method, and breathe to a certain depth;

B, use natural mouth opening when pronouncing, lower jaw is relaxed, soft palate is raised, and teeth are relaxed. Vowel practice

C, practice, pay attention to the short pronunciation of words, and spend the main time in the opening stage of "rhyme belly".

D, phrase big Chinese flowers and birds, stormy waves, tumbling over the river.

E, exaggerating the three tones: if you want to raise a factory, please run.

5) Laryngeal sound

Tone: stiff, heavy and poor elasticity.

Causes: shortness of breath, tension in the upper chest, hard tongue root and excessive opening of the posterior vocal cavity. It's easy to get tired and hurt my voice.

Correct:

First, the tongue activity should be accurate. Generally, tongue activity is mainly between the tip of the tongue and the tongue. Pay attention to relax your throat;

B, relax your shoulders, adjust your breathing, don't press your head too low when pronouncing, and let the sound wave gently lift in your mouth;

C. Open your mouth to inhale or feel "half yawning" to experience the feeling of relaxation of the throat, tongue base and jaw;

D, strengthen lip and tongue exercises, such as /b, p, m, d, t, n, l/ syllables with vowels;

E, short poems, such as Li Bai's "Early Send Baidicheng".

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