Problems and Solutions in Chinese Studies Education 1 The problems currently faced by Chinese Studies Education are:
1) In the era of commodity economy, people pay attention to the values of efficiency and income, which makes it difficult for people to agree with the traditional Chinese studies characterized by self-cultivation and integration of knowledge and practice. So are college students. They are busy studying courses with better employment and more money, taking CET-4 and CET-6, taking computer, accounting and other certificates, taking part-time jobs, going abroad and taking civil servants ... useless Chinese studies that can't bring direct benefits naturally can't win favor.
2) Lack of professional teams to carry out Chinese studies education. Over the past hundred years, we have relied heavily on western learning and neglected the history of Chinese studies, which has interrupted the education of Chinese studies. There are also faults in the talents of Chinese studies. Without good teachers and good guides, the education of Chinese studies in colleges and universities is difficult.
3) Lack of policy support.
At present, although some relevant departments have taken some measures to carry out publicity and education, there is still a lack of policy support for Chinese studies education, especially in colleges and universities. Compared with the educational and scientific research activities of natural science and engineering technology, the educational and scientific research activities of Chinese studies are rarely supported by various policies such as funds.
If we can't treat and deal with these problems in time and accurately, it will inevitably have a great negative impact on college students' world outlook, outlook on life and values. Therefore, while receiving scientific and cultural education and ideological and moral education, contemporary college students should also re-examine the moral education in traditional culture and draw strength for future development from the treasures left by their ancestors. It is particularly important to note that Chinese studies are precious wealth left by ancestors to present people, and need to be carefully protected and spread by each generation. We can't squander selfishly, and our future generations have the right to enjoy these spiritual heritages.
First of all, the education of Chinese studies helps students to establish a correct moral outlook. Although etiquette and morality are often sneered at by unruly geniuses, basic and inflexible etiquette and morality can really become a person's foundation and shape his personality, spiritual temperament and even his whole life. As Confucius said, "Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith" are highly summarized by predecessors.
There is no doubt that the education of Chinese studies can gradually establish a perfect character and noble moral cultivation, establish a kind of mind of "benevolent people love others", an ethics of "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, powerful people can't be bent", a persistence of "making friends and keeping promises", and a spirit of "being safe all your life and keeping the poor in the world happy" ... Secondly. In our country, the basic structure of society is a "differential order pattern".
After students complete their self-personality, they can further develop their self-personality and "help the world". Confucianism requires gentlemen to "cultivate self-cultivation, keep the family in order, govern the country and level the world", which is such a self-centered pattern that expands to a wider range at different levels.
In this way, under the guidance of empathy, students can feel the difficulties of others and understand their difficulties, and finally achieve the social ideal of "providing for the old and providing for the young". Under the concept of "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", we will finally realize "worry about the world first, and enjoy it later"
In a word, self-cultivation-oriented Chinese studies education is of great significance to building a harmonious society and even a harmonious world. In addition, from a vertical perspective, Chinese studies education is helpful to inherit the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. With the deepening of socialist modernization, the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation have gradually merged with the moral concepts that embody the modern spirit and become the mainstream of civic moral construction. However, to some extent, it is inevitable to ignore social morality at present.
Problems and countermeasures in Chinese studies education II. The education of Chinese studies must objectively state knowledge and significance.
The knowledge of Chinese studies is very rich and complex, so it is necessary to identify and sort out the knowledge and significance of Chinese studies in the practice of Chinese studies education. We think it can be divided into two levels: one is the identification of common sense, that is, we can judge the fineness and quality of things through common sense. For example, "three obedience and four virtues" means "not marrying one's father, marrying one's husband, and one's husband dying from one's son" (Mourning in the Book of Rites), while the so-called "four virtues" means "women's virtues, women's words, women's looks and women's merits" (Tian Jin). "Chastity" requires women to stick to chastity, keep their bodies as jade and be loyal to their husbands; "Shun" means asking women to "obey" and be humble and obedient to in-laws, husbands and even family members.
Undoubtedly, it can be judged by common sense that "three obedience and four virtues" have fallen behind the times. It is not only a constraint on women's body, but also an infringement on women's spirit. Therefore, when we talk about "three obedience and four virtues", we must explain and state it objectively, and we must not be vague or ambiguous, or even deliberately confuse right and wrong and regard it as a virtue. The second is the recognition at the rational level, that is, relying on rationality to judge the fineness and advantages and disadvantages of things. For example, to understand "yin and yang" as discrimination against women is to favor boys over girls and to be autocratic. This is obviously the result of not being exposed to the objective knowledge of Yin and Yang. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze Yin and Yang and objectively state their connotation and density, so as to understand that Yin and Yang are the basic categories in China's philosophy, the internal cause of things, the driving force for the change and development of things and the source of the richness of the universe.
Second, the education of Chinese studies must make its ideological content keep pace with the times.
Taking the Confucian concept of "home" as an example, in a patriarchal society, furniture has a unique role and value, which is of positive significance for maintaining social stability and promoting social development. However, because the Confucian concept of "home" is the product of a specific time and space, and it is very complicated, we need to analyze and distinguish it. For example, The Book of Rites says: "Men don't talk inside, women don't talk outside. No sacrifice, no mourning, no gifts. If they teach each other, women will be rewarded. If there is no fat, everyone will sit and drink before taking it.
There is no * * * well inside and outside, no * * * bath, no sleeping mat, no leave, no clothes for men and women. You can't say what's inside and what's outside. The meaning of this passage is roughly: men don't talk about housework and women don't talk about business; Things cannot be passed directly between men and women. If they have to, they must be put in bamboo baskets and taken away by men or women. Women living inside and men living outside can't borrow things from each other and mix clothes with a well, a bathroom and a sleeping mat. Women don't tell men about their housework, and men don't tell women about their official duties. Undoubtedly, these etiquette or norms have completely lost their existence space in modern society. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and profound analysis and review of the Confucian concept of "home", especially in the light of the concept of "home" in modern society, and we cannot interpret the value of the Confucian concept of "home" in a general and abstract way. Great and profound changes have taken place in the "home" of modern society. To explore and publicize the significance of the Confucian concept of "home" to modern society, we should not only review the limitations of the Confucian concept of "home" itself, but also learn from the concept of "home" in modern society to enrich and develop the Confucian concept of "home". "Book of Rites" says: "The teaching of universities is also timely." In other words, education must be carried out according to the season (season), and different contents should be arranged in different seasons to keep pace with the times. In short, the education of Chinese studies should also focus on six ways, be eclectic, and make the best adjustment to the ideological content of Chinese studies.
Third, the education of Chinese studies must choose the most effective teaching methods.
The first is equal teaching. In Wang Yangming's words, "you have to be a fool to give a lecture." Only in this way can we be grounded and accepted by the audience. The second is to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. The level of cultural knowledge of people who receive training in Chinese studies is uneven, so it is necessary to be targeted in the compilation and design of Chinese studies content in order to play a positive role. For example, when we talk about Confucianism, if the subjects of lectures are doctoral students, master students and undergraduates, then the teaching content we prepare will be divided into three different levels.
Confucius said: "Those who are born with knowledge are also excellent; Those who learn and know, second; Learn from difficulties, secondly; If you are sleepy and don't learn, the next one is the people. " (The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi) is to educate people according to their natural qualifications and different levels of cultural knowledge. The third is skill teaching. In fact, the long history of education and teaching has left rich educational skills and teaching methods, and modern high technology has enriched teaching methods, so the optional skills and methods of contemporary Chinese studies education are rich and colorful.
Fourth, the education of Chinese studies must be based on promoting the true spirit.
The "true spirit" here, that is, excellent traditional culture, is the essence of Chinese studies and "positive energy". At present, there are various tendencies against the "true spirit" of Chinese studies in the practice of Chinese studies education, which are mainly manifested in:
The first is the entertainment of Chinese studies education. For example, when talking about Wang Yangming, someone described Wang Yangming. In order to cater to the curiosity and low taste of the audience, he made up the bridge at will, which was extremely exaggerated and fictional.
Second, the education of Chinese studies is mixed. For example, Zhang Wuben, an imperial doctor, fabricated the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, "invented" chicken blood therapy, knife therapy, mung bean eggplant therapy and so on, and advocated "eating the sick back".
Third, the utilitarianism of Chinese studies education is only used as a profit-making tool. Today's Chinese studies education must attach importance to the propaganda and popularization of the "true spirit" and essence of Chinese studies. Confucianism's spirit of benevolence, honesty, self-improvement, kindness and morality, Taoism's qualities of nature, simplicity, tolerance and modesty, and Buddhism's feelings of dedication, compassion and tolerance are the true spirit and core concept of Chinese studies, and they are also the essence of Chinese studies. In other words, these are the contents that need to be inherited, popularized and carried forward in the so-called Chinese studies education.