Keywords: electric power engineering; Budget management; Problems; Countermeasures
China Library Classification Number TU723.3 Document Identification Number A No.2095-2066 (2015) 35-0115-02.
About the author: Shi Yuping (1976-), female, engineer, undergraduate, mainly engaged in budget management of electric power engineering.
1 Introduction
At present, the budget management of power engineering is the main means to ensure the safety and economy of power engineering construction. However, due to the influence of power engineering tradition and management concept, there are various problems in budget management. Managers should start from the definition and characteristics of electric power engineering, use effective budget management methods, do a good job in the prevention and treatment of related problems in the budget management of electric power engineering, improve the budget management level of electric power engineering while ensuring the quality of budget management, and ensure that it adapts to the market rules of electric power construction engineering.
2 project budget table
Project budget mainly refers to the clear expectation of some capital projects that will be spent in the future, so as to improve the understanding of project managers and help the later cost control work. Specifically, there are two main methods commonly used in engineering budget in China at present: ① Regular budget. The so-called regular budget mainly adopts the following measures: first, make a financial plan for one year, that is, the annual budget, and then no special budget work will be carried out during this year, even if there is one, it will only be slightly adjusted. This kind of conventional budget mainly distributes the annual expense budget to each month, but there are many external factors in this year. Then, (2) continuous budget, which is also a commonly used project budget method at present. The biggest feature of this project budget is its strong expansibility, that is, the previous budget can be effectively applied to the next project budget. Taking the year as an example, the project budget of the first month can be made in detail, and then the budget of the second month can be made with full reference to the budget of the first month, and then the final budget of the previous stage can be made.
3 Analysis of the problems existing in the project budget
There are two main reasons for the budget problem of power engineering: ① There is a big deviation between the actual construction of the project and the preparation of the project budget. With the continuous advancement of reform and opening up, China society is gradually transforming into a market economy system. In order to maintain good sustainable development in this social environment, electric power enterprises must keep pace with the times and introduce new reform ideas according to the development and changes of today's social environment. There will be some errors between the actual cost and the estimated cost of power engineering. In particular, power engineering involves a lot of materials, consumes a lot of money and has a long construction period. As the price changes, there will be huge differences. If the prices of main production materials change greatly, especially cable engineering, the copper price fluctuates greatly in the past two years, resulting in a great difference in the prices of copper cables and wires every day. (2) the project manager can't fully perform their duties and carefully control the project cost. The project manager's management of project cost is a management process controlled by all employees, the whole process and the whole system. It requires the project manager to have a very high comprehensive quality, and he must be very familiar with the design, bidding, construction, procurement, acceptance and settlement of electric power projects, and be familiar with the differences between electric power projects and other ordinary projects. In the process of engineering quantity calculation, it will be difficult to ensure its accuracy and reliability if it is not calculated strictly according to the outline dimensions of the drawing set and the stage coefficient specified in the quota appendix, which will cause a big deviation between the actual engineering quantity and the estimated engineering quantity and bring great difficulties to the project cost control. At present, many project managers can control the project quality and construction period in the construction process, but they often have a weak economic concept, attach importance to quality and schedule management and ignore cost management.
4 power engineering cost control strategy
4. 1 Strengthen management.
To do a good job in budget management of electric power projects, we need to strengthen management from the following three aspects: ① project bidding. In order to protect the legitimate interests of the state and individuals and ensure the smooth progress of the project construction, the bidding for electric power projects should be carried out in strict accordance with the law, thus ensuring the quality of the project construction. In project bidding, we should adopt the competitive mechanism and implement it according to the operating mechanism of market economy, so as to ensure economic benefits. Power engineering has good flexibility in construction management and contractor management, which can give full play to the role of the market, rationally optimize resource allocation, and then maximize economic benefits, adopt the contracting mechanism, implement the survival of the fittest, and make full use of the role of market regulation. ② Cost method. Power engineering mainly adopts the following two cost methods: A. Unit evaluation. This method mainly evaluates the budget of the whole project according to the local calculation of the project. The main steps are as follows: (1) calculate the local engineering quantity combined with the engineering construction drawing, and then evaluate the overall value; Combine the value evaluation of regional units, budget the construction cost, and summarize the required cost of the project; Calculate and summarize the indirect costs, profits and direct costs of the project. B. physical measurement. Budget directly according to the quantity of labor, equipment and materials. The main step is to calculate the local engineering quantity according to the engineering construction drawing, analyze the usage of labor, equipment and materials according to the calculated engineering quantity, and summarize it. In addition, you can also directly summarize the direct cost, indirect cost and profit of the project, and summarize the project cost and budget comprehensive cost. (3) Cost budget of engineering materials. With the dynamic development of market economy, the mode of independent pricing was born in the market and gradually became market-oriented. The prices of many building materials will change with the market demand. In power engineering construction, there are strict regulations on the pricing of materials, but due to the long construction period, the price of materials often changes and deviates from the pricing, thus affecting the project budget. Construction projects are usually based on invoices, which has some disadvantages. Due to the differences in invoice management methods between regions, invoices can not accurately and directly reflect the actual price of materials, which leads to difficulties in budget management of power projects.
4.2 improve the ability and quality of the project manager
For the current cost management and control in the process of power engineering project implementation, the main person in charge is the project manager, who has become the core manager of cost control. On the other hand, it is probably because of the responsibility of the project manager that the cost of power engineering exceeds the budget. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the relevant skills and quality training of project managers, and effectively improve their cost control and management capabilities. Of course, before this, we should also fully strengthen the project manager's attention to cost management, which is a fundamental determinant. Only by increasing the degree of attention can it be conducive to specific control. In addition, the project manager should also formulate corresponding systems to improve cost control. For example, establishing a perfect reward and punishment system can effectively improve the project manager's control over the cost of power engineering, thus strengthening the effect of cost control and avoiding the problem of cost exceeding budget.
4.3 Strengthen the preparation of electric power engineering budget
In order to control the cost of electric power project over budget and avoid this phenomenon, the most important measure is to strengthen the control of electric power project budgeting, ensure its accuracy and effectiveness, and carry out specific cost control and management on this basis. Specifically, it is actually very difficult to do a good job in compiling this kind of budget, because its budget contains more contents, which leads to more complicated influencing factors. Generally speaking, in order to do a good job in compiling the cost budget of specific power projects, we must start from the following aspects: ① We must strengthen the technical training of specific compilers, especially the training of some calculation and statistical abilities that are highly related to budget compilation, so as to ensure that they have strong technical ability in budgeting and avoid inaccurate compilation due to their own problems; (2) We must strengthen our understanding of various objectives that may be involved in the budget process. For example, we must strengthen our understanding of key building materials in the budget, especially power projects. What kind of building materials and how much materials are needed need to be statistically planned before the budget, so as to get the most accurate budget data. Of course, we should also have a detailed and clear understanding of some relevant budget laws and regulations. (3) It is also necessary to correct the abuse of quota in the current budget preparation, strengthen the understanding of the price of materials needed for power engineering in the market, and replace this inaccurate quota with the actual price to ensure the budget level.
5 concluding remarks
Power construction projects are the foundation of rapid social and economic development and the basic guarantee for the development of power industry. In the process of electric power construction, we should emphasize the principle of economic benefit, respect the laws of the market, and realize the smooth progress of electric power construction through various measures. Budget management is a common means and method. With the support of budget management, power construction projects can avoid decision-making mistakes and risk control, and realize the guarantee of economic benefits of power construction projects. Based on the reality of electric power construction projects, this paper comprehensively analyzes the problems existing in budget management, explores the methods and measures of comprehensive and scientific budget management of electric power construction, and lays the foundation for economic benefits for the realization of comprehensive objectives of electric power construction projects on the basis of realizing the value of budget management.
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