The largest library in Asia: Beijing Library
The National Library of China is located at No.33, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, adjacent to the Gaoliang River in Baishiqiao and Zizhuyuan Park in Haidian District. The National Library of China covers an area of 7.24 hectares with a building area of 6,543,800 square meters. The main building is a high-rise building with twin towers, double eaves, glazed tile roof with empty sparrow column, light cream tile exterior wall, stone steps on granite pedestal and white marble railing. The whole building is blue, which means beware of fire and water.
The National Library of China is divided into the south library of the main library, the north library of the main library and the ancient books library, with a collection of 3 1 19000 volumes, including more than 2 million rare books of ancient books. In 2008, the National Library of China, with a building area of 280,000 square meters, was the largest library in Asia and ranked third in the world.
The Development Course of Beijing Library
1On September 9th, 909, the Qing government approved the establishment of the Shi Jing Library (the predecessor of the National Library), and allocated the books of the Cabinet Treasury, the Hanlin Academy, the Xue Nan of imperial academy, and the Sikuquanshu and Dunhuang Robbery Letter of Man Jin Pavilion as the basic collections. 19 16, the Ministry of Education closed down the Shi Jing Library, and all the published books filed by the Ministry of the Interior were handed over to the Shi Jing Library for collection, and the functions of the National Library began to manifest.
In the past century, Shi Jing Library has been renamed as National Peiping Library and Beijing Library successively, and was renamed as National Library on 19981February 12. Through state grants, social donations and librarians' efforts to purchase collections, a huge collection of digital resources with 27 million volumes and 200 TB has been formed. With a building area of 250,000 square meters, it ranks first in Asia and third in the world, shouldering the heavy responsibility of serving the national legislative decision-making bodies, educational and scientific research institutions and the public.
The National Library has successively had Miao, Chen Yuan, Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei, Ren and other curators, who united with social leaders to assist the library cause and trained many library talents. There are also ordinary employees who silently contribute from generation to generation. They are determined to succeed in their posts, fulfill their duties, be willing to be a ladder, love their posts and be dedicated, be realistic and innovative, and support the knowledge construction of the National Library, which has also formed the spirit of national map throughout the century.
In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the National Library has made bold explorations, made great strides in reform and undertaken many important cultural projects in the country. The National Library, which aims at developing the library with talents, strengthening the library with science and technology and serving the library, is playing an increasingly important role in promoting the great development and prosperity of culture and building a harmonious society.
1On September 9th, 909 (July 25th of the first year of Qing Dynasty), the imperial court approved the invitation of Zhang Zhidong, Minister of Military Aircraft and Minister of Academic Department, to build the library.
Miao was the first curator after the establishment of Shi Jing Library. Jiang Han, Xia Cengyou and Liang Qichao successively served as curators. Famous scholars such as Lu Xun have made great efforts for its construction. After the Revolution of 1911, the treasury of the Qing government and Beiyang government was empty, but it was unable to maintain the funds of the library. However, Shi Jing Library has a rich collection of ancient books, and at the same time, because it has been delivered by the state, it has the status of a national library. Its establishment is a great progress in the development of China Library.
1928, Nanjing National Government was established. In July of the same year, the National Shi Jing Library was renamed as the National Beiping Library, which belongs to the university. In order to solve the funding problem, the Ministry of Education of Nanjing National Government and the Council of China Education and Culture Fund (hereinafter referred to as? China Foundation? ) signed an agreement through negotiation, and the National Beiping Library merged with Beihai Library under the China Foundation in August 1929. After the merger, the name of the library is still the National Beiping Library, which is directly under the leadership of the Ministry of Education of Nanjing Government and the National Beiping Library Committee of the China-Kyrgyzstan Conference Group. Jurentang in Zhonghai is the first hall, and Xiao Qing Building in Beihai is the second hall. During this period, due to the guarantee of funds and the rich collection of books, many celebrities from all walks of life cared about the construction of the library, hired a large number of high-level librarians, and adopted the more advanced management methods at that time to build a new library in Jinwen Street 193 1. All these have made the development of China's national library cause advance by leaps and bounds.
During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, some of its collections and librarians moved south, and successively set up offices in Shanghai, Hongkong, Kunming and Chongqing. After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the local offices and collections of the museum, except the rare books of the Library of Congress and the 18 boxes of cabinet maps transported from Nanjing to Taipei, were transported back to Peiping one after another. During this period, the museum encountered serious economic difficulties many times. It was not until 1949 that Beiping was liberated that the museum was reborn.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the museum was under the leadership of the Ministry of Culture. On September 27th 1949, it was renamed as National Beijing Library, and on June 195 1 it was renamed as Beijing Library. 1June, 958, the museum was changed to the leader of Beijing. 1960165438+10, the museum returned to the leadership of the Ministry of Culture.
With the pace of socialist construction, museums have also developed greatly. The collection of books has increased by 400,000 volumes every year, and precious books and manuscripts donated by many domestic bibliophiles and famous scholars have been accepted, enriching the national stacks. The number of readers and the circulation rate of books have doubled, and reference services for scientific research and production have been actively carried out. A variety of joint catalogues and special bibliographies have been published, and many exhibitions and reports have been held, which have had a very far-reaching impact. From 65438 to 0957, according to the national book coordination plan adopted by the State Council, the library, as the chairman of the Library Committee of China No.1 Center, made contributions in presiding over book classification, national joint catalogue, editing of unified catalogue cards and librarian training, and played the role of the national library.
Collection resources of Beijing Library
The National Library is the core of the national library undertaking, and its main functions are as follows: ① To collect and preserve domestic documents completely and systematically and become the national general library. ② Choose foreign publications for research and teaching, so that they have a rich collection of foreign languages. (3) to carry out scientific and technological information work to serve scientific research. (4) compiling national bibliographies, issuing unified cataloging cards, compiling retrospective bibliographies and joint catalogs, and giving full play to the role of the national bibliographic center. ⑤ To be responsible for organizing the research, experiment, application and popularization of library modernization technology and equipment, and designing, organizing and coordinating the national library networking, which plays an important role in the modernization of libraries. ⑥ Collect, arrange and provide information about library science research at home and abroad, organize academic discussions, and promote the development of library science research in China. ⑦ Participate in international library organizations on behalf of domestic library circles and readers; To implement the provisions on international book exchange and international lending in the national cultural agreements with foreign countries; Carry out cooperation and exchanges with the international library community.
The National Library of China is a comprehensive research library and a national comprehensive library. Libraries established by the state for the collection and preservation of its own publications assume the functions of the national general library. The collection resources include books, periodicals, newspapers, dissertations, rare books of ancient books, special collections, reference books, yearbooks, electronic publications, microform materials, audio-visual materials, etc. Generally speaking, the National Library not only collects domestic publications, but also collects a large number of foreign publications (including foreign books and periodicals related to the country), and is responsible for compiling national bibliographies and joint catalogues. The National Library is the promoter of the national library cause and the central library facing the whole country. It is not only the national collection center, interlibrary loan center and international book exchange center, but also the national research center of bibliography and library science. Perform the duties of collecting, processing, storing, researching, using the general library and disseminating knowledge and information. The National Library is the national bibliographic center and the library information network center. It undertakes the task of serving the central state leading organs, key scientific research, education, production units and the public. Responsible for the national library business guidance and library science research. Starting from 1998, the National Library of China began to implement the project? China Digital Library Project? Some collection materials have been digitized, and some data have been provided to the society.
The National Library is a comprehensive official publication in Tibet, and it is the library with the largest number of Tibetan documents in the world. At the same time, it attaches great importance to the collection of domestic unofficial publications. It is a doctoral thesis collection hall designated by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, a centralized collection place for library science professional materials, a national yearbook data collection center, and a special publishing room in Hongkong, Taiwan Province and Macau.
The National Library began to purchase foreign books and periodicals in the 1920s, and it is the largest library in China with the largest collection of foreign books and periodicals.
International organizations and government publications are depository libraries of United Nations materials.
The National Library not only collects microforms and audio-visual products, but also collects nearly 100 kinds of CD-ROM databases and more than 8,000 kinds of electronic publications at home and abroad.
The National Library of China has formed a pattern of paying equal attention to collection and utilization with China characteristics in the collection, processing, preservation, provision and development of documents.
The National Library attaches great importance to the protection of books and documents, and adopts traditional trimming technology and advanced microform technology to restore and regenerate important books and precious documents in its collection.
The National Library of China performs the functions of the National Bibliography Center, editing and publishing national bibliographies, joint catalogs and collections catalogs. The compilation of the national joint catalogue of books and periodicals by the National Library started from 1927 and from 1957, and this work has been comprehensively strengthened and improved. 1997 5438+00 In June, the National Library Joint Cataloguing Center was formally established, which organized and managed the national library computer joint cataloguing, * * * established an online joint catalogue, and * * * enjoyed bibliographic data resources and literature resources.
The National Library of China is an important national cultural institution. Implement relevant foreign cultural agreements on behalf of the country and carry out exchanges and cooperation with libraries at home and abroad. Receiving foreign heads of government and high-level delegations; Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with libraries and cultural circles around the world; Participate in academic activities of relevant international organizations. Established and maintained book exchange relations with more than 1000 libraries and academic research institutions in more than 120 countries and regions around the world. Through ISSN China National Center located in the museum, the bibliographic information of China's serial publications will participate in worldwide information exchange and sharing. We have cooperated with Australian, Singaporean, Japanese, Korean and American libraries in personnel exchange, technical exchange and resource sharing, and successfully held various exhibitions with the theme of China cultural classics.
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