Guzheng/Hanzheng: that is, Hanzheng/Zheng is the name of Hanzheng musical instrument, which is a traditional national musical instrument of Han nationality. In addition, there are Mongolian Guzheng /Yatog Korea Korea Guzheng /gayageum, and Korean Guzheng /gayageum has a deep relationship with Han Zheng. Mongolian Zheng, namely Yatog, is an ancient national musical instrument popular in Xilin Gol and Yikezhaomeng in China, with rich expressive force. Its structure, tuning method and playing style are different from those of Han Guzheng.
The North Korean Zheng, gayageum, is said to have been made by Jia of Jiadi imitating the Han Zheng of China. Shaped like A Zheng, it is also a string of columns. Gayageum currently used has 2 1 string, and the scales are arranged in seven or five tones. The technique of right hitting and left pressing is basically the same as that of Han Zheng.
You can solo, ensemble, ensemble, and sing while playing. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, "Twelve-stringed Qin was made by Wang Jiawa Jia.
For example, the law of December. He was ordered to write songs. "
"gayageum also China music zheng.
Gayageum is slightly different from Zheng system, but it may be similar to it. "
Note: The History of the Three Kingdoms () is the official history of the Korean Peninsula and the oldest existing history book in Korea. The History of the Three Kingdoms is mainly based on the lost Records of the Old Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Hua Lang, and also refers to China's historical classics, including Shu Wei, The History of the Three Kingdoms, Jin Shu, Old Tang Book, New Tang Book and Zi Tong Zhi Jian.
This book is a precious document to study Silla history in the Three Kingdoms period and the later period of Korea.
I long for a historical story about guzheng (not guqin). Thank you. Guzheng in history was widely circulated in the Warring States Period, especially in the Qin Dynasty, so it was also called.
At present, kites commonly used around the world have 13 strings and 16 strings. Five-tone scale tuning, the lowest tone can start from g or c, and the range reaches three octaves.
Modern folk Zheng has different genre styles in different regions. Such as Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Chaozhou, Guangdong and Meixian.
Zheng, also called guzheng; Korea is called Gayatrin, and Vietnam is called the Sixteen String Instrument. Zheng appeared at the latest 200 years ago (Qin Dynasty). During the Warring States period, Qin opera was widely circulated, and today Chaozhou Zheng is still called.
It's really Qin Zhisheng who mentioned in the middle. Earlier, it was recorded that people in Linzi City of Qi played bamboo flute, drums, percussion instruments and guzheng.
Liu Xi of the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: Why is it called A Zheng? Its pitch, Zheng Zheng is also natural. Japanese Okanagan quoted to explain the origin of the word Zheng: two women in the State of Qin, gentle and heartless, contended for playing a musical instrument (twenty-five strings). Meng Tian broke it into two pieces, each taking half (twelve strings and thirteen strings), and Qin named it Zheng, which became a new musical instrument because of the contention.
But the book has not been seen so far. Qin Zheng has 12 strings and Tang Zheng has 13 strings, which is not without the possibility of fabrication. : Five-stringed body, shaped like a harp.
The word "Zheng" originated from bamboo and may be related to bamboo. Description of Zheng: The shape is the same as that of a musical instrument, but the number of strings is less.
The ancient twelve-stringed instrument was called Zheng; The 25-string player is called Joseph. It can be confirmed from the unearthed ancient musical instruments.
According to legend (see), the ancient musical instrument was originally fifty strings, but the Yellow Emperor broke it into twenty-five strings. After the break, it is twelve or three strings. If it can be established, it will be added back to fourteen strings (Tang), fifteen strings (Qing), sixteen strings (early Republic of China), eighteen strings, twenty-one strings, twenty-five strings, twenty-six strings, forty strings, forty-four strings and forty-nine strings with later generations.
In contrast, people can't help but think of going back in time. The biggest difference between guqin and guzheng is that both guzheng and guzheng have piano codes, one string, one code and one tone. You can only press, press and play with your left hand to play the sliding sound and inflection on the left side of the piano code. Piano has no code, you can press your fingers with your left hand to make sound.
A string with multiple tones can be composed of empty strings, pressed strings and semi-pressed strings (overtones). So guqin has only seven strings, but its range is wider than that of guzheng.
The similarity between the two is that, in principle, the strings are all set to five tones (generally, guqin is set to f five tones and guzheng is set to g five tones), and the effect of flowing water can be achieved by plucking the strings and fingering. And they are all high notes, and the bass is outside.
Guzheng belongs to the "silk" instrument in octave. Like lyre and harp, it uses silk thread, and its timbre is simple and classical. It was only in modern times that the steel wire was changed into a sonorous tone; In modern times, steel wire and nylon wire are used instead, which can have both advantages. The timbre and performance characteristics of Zheng vary greatly with different regions and genres, so it is not appropriate to generalize. We must study Zheng School and discuss them separately.
Zheng is widely circulated among the people, but it seems that only Chaozhou has two or four manuscripts of Zheng spectrum, and there is a book of Zheng spectrum circulating. It was not until 19 that Liang Zaiping published a book.
A new rap art with dulcimer, pendant, guzheng, jinghu (soft bow), pipa and sanxian as accompaniment instruments appeared in Heze (Cao Zhou), Yuncheng and Zhencheng in southwest Shandong. It has a history of more than 200 years.
There are six guzheng solos (Old Liu Men) which evolved gradually. In terms of playing skills, the thumb joint is the most prominent.
Modern Yuncheng Zhao Yuzhai (1923-) created the method of playing the Zheng with both hands (left). Create Zheng music,,, etc.
Three books have been published. (19 18-), composed and published by Yuncheng Zheng.
In addition, there is a form of playing ancient music, which consists of dulcimer, guzheng, jinghu (soft bow) or pipa erhu (wishful hook). The tracks are all four-in-one (paragraph) suites composed of 68 bars.
It consists of four main (board) categories, and the tracks are,, and so on. There are two kinds of guzheng solos (4/4 beat) and (2/4 beat) in Liaocheng and Linqing, both of which are 68 pieces.
The orbit is, wait. The most famous representative guzheng repertoire belongs to "Thirteen-string Guzheng Music" adapted by Lou Shuhua. It was originally composed by Jin Zhuonan of Liaocheng, Shandong Province, based on two folk guzheng songs (2/4 beat) of Liaocheng and Linqing, Shandong Province, and spread to Lou Shuhua.
Lou Shuhua passed it on to disciple Cao Zheng (1920-), and Cao Zheng and Zhu co-edited a guzheng duet, which is one of his famous songs. Among them, the third paragraph describes the melody of returning to the ship after the storm, which is particularly popular for nearly half a century and enduring.
It is a classic performance method and work of guzheng. All factions have absorbed it, but the playing spectrum is only slightly different.
Later, Cao Zheng studied guzheng under Liang Zaiping in Nanjing and often played it. There are many kinds of publications.
The above three kinds of Zheng music tracks are of their own. In Henan province, which is adjacent to Shandong province, there is a kind of rap art called "rap", which has been popular in Nanyang since the middle of Qing Dynasty.
Instrumental music in major (opening song, interlude >; Part of the names are mainly played by guzheng, pipa and sanxian (mainly played by Xiao, and octagonal drums). ). There are about forty or fifty songs in 68 tracks, such as,,,, and so on.
Zhongzhou classical tune has three sections, namely, 68 adagio and medium board, and 34 allegro. Playing is characterized by multi-purpose middle finger playing, big vibrato, cyclotron glide, vibrato and differential swing.
Form factions. With the efforts of Wang, Cao Dongfu and Ren Qingzhi, Henan Zheng School broke away from Shandong Zheng School and became an independent school.
Cao Dongfu (1983- 1970) played the guzheng and studied under the horse. Be good at playing,
3. The origin and story of Guzheng was widely circulated in the area of Qin (now Shaanxi) as early as the Warring States Period from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, so it was also called Qin Zheng.
Counting it down, it has a history of more than 2500 years. "Mountain Flowing Water", a China guqin song, belongs to one of the top ten ancient songs in China.
It is said that Boya, a pianist in the pre-Qin period, once played the piano on a barren land, but Zhong Ziqi, a woodcutter, could understand that this was a description of "towering like Mount Tai" and "surging like a river". Boya was shocked: "Well, the child's heart is the same as mine."
After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya lost her bosom friend, broke the piano, and never played it for life, so there was a song of high mountains and flowing water. Guzheng, also known as Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng and Luanzheng, is a traditional guzheng instrument in China, belonging to plucked instruments.
It is one of the important national musical instruments unique to China. It has beautiful timbre, wide range, rich playing skills and strong expressive force, so it is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.
Now there are also small guzheng, portable guzheng, mini guzheng, semi-guzheng, new guzheng and twelve-tone guzheng. Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, which was born and raised in this fertile yellow land with the long culture of China.
It is a plucked musical instrument, and its structure consists of a panel, a wild goose column (also called Zheng code in some areas), strings, a front Yueshan, a string nail, a tuning box, a piano foot, a back Yueshan, a side plate, a sound outlet, a bottom plate and a string piercing hole. References:
Baidu encyclopedia-guzheng.
4. The history and culture of Guzheng, formerly known as Zheng, also known as Zheng. Because it has a long history of more than 2500 years, it has been dubbed "ancient" by later generations and called guzheng. China has always admired the guzheng, calling it the treasure of national musical instruments, the wonderful work of appealing to both refined and popular tastes, the ancestor of all voices and the teacher of Wan Le. There is a saying in Nineteen Ancient Poems of Hanshu: "Today's banquet is good, but it is hard to be old with joy. Playing guzheng is a wonderful new sound. " There is a saying in "Fu Zheng" written by Hou Jin, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty: "No one is superior to Zheng because of changing customs and changing people's habits." Lu Xun has a poem "Gift to a Person" (Part II): "The Qin female Rong Yuzheng, Liang Chen warms the night wind, suddenly the ice string is absolutely ringing, and the stars are full of sounds." Many countries in the world also highly admire China's guzheng, calling it a mysterious instrument, and the music it plays is magical music.
Guzheng is a stringed instrument, which can be divided into plucking and plucking according to playing skills. Its appearance is simple and elegant, beautiful and generous, its timbre is beautiful and round, clear and bright, and its volume is loud but not noisy. Strong expressive force, strong appeal, can fully express the music content with strong national style. The music played by guzheng is soft and beautiful, beautiful and harmonious, and the lingering sound is endless for three days, which is deeply loved by people.
There are always different opinions about the origin and name of Zheng. In history, there is a saying that the Yellow Emperor throws a piano and has a guzheng. Zhao Lin in the Tang Dynasty recorded a story: The Yellow Emperor ordered the maid-in-waiting to beat the harp, and the maid-in-waiting played a very sad tune with the harp. The Yellow Emperor was so sad that he burst into tears. The Yellow Emperor couldn't help it. He lifted the maid-in-waiting instrument and threw it on the ground, breaking it into two pieces, so that the original 50 stringed instruments were split into two sets of 25-stringed instruments. So later people called this 25-stringed instrument Zheng. There is also a saying in history that sisters divide musical instruments into Zheng. It is recorded in the second volume of Yue Dao Ji: "The female sisters in Qin fought for musical instruments, and the lead was broken into two parts, one for the elder sister with thirteen strings and the other for the younger sister with twelve strings. Qin Shihuang named Zheng. " Later, there was a saying that the father and son split the instrument into two to compete for the name of the Zheng, and the two brothers split the instrument into two to compete for the name of the Zheng. Whether the origin of these Zheng names is reasonable or not is not to be said for the time being, but one thing is certain: Zheng evolved from musical instruments. Where did Qin Zheng's theory come from? Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, wrote in the book of exhortation to expel guests: "The husband knocks on the urn and plays the Zheng to fight, and the singer listens quickly, which is really Qin Zhisheng." In other words, beating the pots and pans, patting your thighs while playing the Zheng, and singing songs that make you feel refreshed, this is the real music of Qin State. Li Si regards the guzheng as a unique musical instrument of Qin Dynasty, and regards its sound as an important symbol of Qin Le. It is recorded in Historical Records Biography of Jing Ke: "The prince and the guests who knew about this matter were given for nothing. At the top of the Xiao River, the ancestors took the road, the high-minded ceremony struck the building, and Jing Ke chimed, which is the voice of change. The scholar cried. " This record means that the prince and the guests know that Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and they all wore white clothes and white hats to see Jing Ke off. I went to Xiao, sacrificed, and went on my way. Gao Jianli struck the floor, and Jing Ke sang along, with a desolate and sad tone. All the local doctors who saw me off shed tears. According to the records in the Records of Customs and the explanation in Shuowen Jiezi, the building mentioned here may be A Zheng. Early Zheng and Zhu were very similar, and scholars often confused Zheng and Zhu. It can be seen that during the Warring States period, guzheng was quite popular in Qin State and occupied a very important position in musical instruments. This is why people later called Zheng.
Guzheng was originally played by the guzheng player's own nails. In order to improve the performance quality and increase the performance intensity and volume, guzheng players use fake nails instead of nails. Compared with other musical instruments, the development and changes of guzheng playing skills are greater, especially in the past 30 years. The earliest guzheng playing skills were very simple, and the division of labor between the two hands was very clear, with the right hand playing and the left hand pressing the strings. The melody is also extremely simple, basically a slow-paced single melody. As time goes by, the guzheng repertoire becomes more and more difficult, the playing skills become more and more complex, the expressive force becomes stronger and stronger, and the playing content becomes more and more abundant. It has gone through the development process from simple one-handed playing to complex two-handed playing, from simple plucking strings to complex plucking and kneading skills.
5. What's the story about the origin of guzheng? Guzheng is the "real Qin Zhisheng", so it has always been called "Qin Zheng". However, from the perspective of writing, there is one thing worthy of our scrutiny, that is, Knocking on the urn and Between Zheng Weisang, while Playing the Piano and Fighting is related to Shao.
Obviously, the antithesis here is not aimed at literary talent, but at the form and content of "music" and "dance". The so-called "Voice of Zhengwei" is the folk music of Guo Zheng and Guo Wei, so it can be seen that "knocking on the urn" was the folk music of Qin State at that time, that is to say, "Yu Shao" is "Shao Xiao". It is said that Dayu made this music.
The above refers to music; This music is obviously not folk music, but court music. Thus, when Ying Zheng was in power at the latest, Qin had replaced the Zheng with Shao Xiao, which was a musical instrument used by the court at that time and should be more elegant than the post and urn.
As for "fighting", what I want to improve is "the image of a soldier". This kind of "dance", that is, "big dance", is a music and dance sung by Zhou people to praise the attack on Zhou.
It can be seen that "beating" is the court music and dance of Qin State. Li Siju's example proves that the songs, dances and music used by the Qin court are all from other countries, so there is no need to refute politics.
As mentioned in that article, Li Sijin submitted the book of remonstration and expulsion in 237 BC. Therefore, Zheng's popularity in Qin was before this. Zheng's appearance is relatively perfect, which should be earlier than Li Sishu's "The Book of Departing Guests".
There are two opinions about the naming of Zheng, one is that the harp is split, and the other is that it is named after the clank of pronunciation. "Ji Yun" holds the saying of "Qin fen": "Qin customs are thin and evil, and father and son have their own opponents, and everyone is half, which was called at that time."
Of course, in addition to the argument that father and son are fighting, there are also arguments that brothers are fighting and sisters are fighting. These similar legends just show that these statements are unreliable.
In addition, as far as common sense is concerned, if an instrument is divided into two, it becomes a broken instrument. How can it be regarded as a guzheng? I'm afraid it's much harder to repair a broken piano in two. Another way of saying it is named after the nature of its pronunciation. Liu Xi's Ming Shi holds the view that the piano sounds high and natural. It is said that the zither is pronounced "Zheng Zhengran" because of its "high chord". This timbre is obviously made for the soothing timbre of the zither, which connects the zither with the zither.
Indeed, our national musical instruments can be named after their origins (such as the Huqin), development methods (such as the Pipa) and even timbre (such as the Bawu). The Zheng here is named after its timbre is pronounced "Zheng Zhengran". As can be seen from the following article, at first, guzheng and guzheng were not close, which lost the significance of comparing the timbre of guzheng and guzheng, which made it difficult for people to believe it completely.
The naming of the Zheng mentioned above also involves the origin of the Zheng. Since the theory of "dividing musical instruments into pianos" is not credible, then the piano in trouble is not made of broken musical instruments.
So, how did the Zheng come into being? Han. Ying Shao's "Customs Pass" contains the article: Zheng, "I sincerely press" Rites and Music ",five strings, and build a whole. Nowadays, the Zheng in Binhe and Liangzhou looks like a harp. I don't know who changed it.
Or made in Montaigne. According to Ying Shao's "Custom Pass", the Zheng system before the Han Dynasty should be "five strings, building a body", but at that time, "Liangzhou (Gansu) Zheng was shaped like a harp". I don't know who reformed it, and I also wrote down the rumor that it was made by Montaigne. This shows that the harp-shaped Zheng has spread in the northwest of Han Dynasty.
Du You of the Tang Dynasty said in the Four Music Classics: "The sound of the piano is also the sound of the piano. Fu Xuan's Fu Zhengxu said, "This was made by Montaigne".
Today, it looks like the sky on the top, flat on the bottom, hollow and quasi-six-in-one, and the string column is planned for December. If it is set, it will have four images and the drum will have five sounds. It is a tool of kindness and wisdom. How could Meng Tian, the minister of national subjugation, think of it? There is also a note saying: "Today, I am happy to have ten strings, and I hope that there will be three strings in ten.
To roll the A Zheng, wet the end with bamboo pieces and roll it up. The bone claws for playing Zheng are more than an inch long and can replace fingers. "
The above two materials deserve our attention. Ying Shao was born in the late Eastern Han Dynasty (the end of the second century and the beginning of the third century). His "five-string fitness" was recorded in the Book of Rites, but he didn't witness it. But what he saw was that "the two countries are harmonious and cool, and the Zheng is shaped like a harp", but he did not mention whether there are differences in the shape of the Zheng in other regions. Du You, a man from the late Tang Dynasty and the ninth century, explained in detail the shape of Zheng at that time, which also met the standard of orthodox ritual vessels.
Of course, Du You also questioned the legend of "Meng Tianzao Zheng". Is this Zheng made in Montaigne? In recent years, some people think that Meng Tian is an all-rounder, and it is entirely possible for him to build A Zheng.
However, according to the date, it is impossible for Meng Tian to establish A Zheng. Meng Tian's grandfather Meng Ao died in 240 BC (the seventh year of the reign of the King of Qin). At this time, Montaigne was only a young man in his twenties. Even if Meng Tian, a young man, had the talent to make guzheng, it seemed impossible to make it popular in Qin State in just a few years and become a court musical instrument of Qin State at that time.
Some people even say that Zheng was built by Meng Tian when he was building the Great Wall. This statement is even more impossible.
Because Meng Tian built the Great Wall in the 26th year of the Qin Dynasty (22 BC1year), it was at least sixteen years later than Li Sicheng's "Order to Drive Away"! It is also said that Meng Tian made it into a pen, and the ancient traditional pen is similar to Zheng. It is incorrect because of the mistake in the record.
6. The story of the Guzheng Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, which was popular in the "Qin" area during the Warring States Period.
Elastic string method
There are two basic playing methods of Zheng: the clamping method and the drawing method.
Clip-on method: the fingering direction is from oblique top to oblique bottom, with an angle of 45 degrees, thick blue and full sound quality. When playing, the ring finger is often naturally placed on the zither string, so that the hand is supported and the hand shape is naturally relaxed. Clamping is the basic method for beginners to play guzheng, and it is also the basic method of traditional techniques.
Pickup method: Finger-playing string direction is from inclined bottom to inclined top, with a 45-degree angle, with clear pronunciation and clean sound quality. There is often no support when playing, so hang up. Don't be nervous about the hand shape in basic training, but you still need to keep the hand penalty relaxed naturally. Lifting is an important method of quick practice.
In addition to these two basic methods of playing strings, the depth of touching strings, the adjustment of touching angles, and the different speed and strength of touching strings have all brought great changes to the pronunciation of Zheng. In basic training, we should learn to master different methods of playing strings, learn to adjust the angle, strength and speed of touching strings, and apply them freely to music performance.
Chord method
The left-handed string pressing method is to control the tension and pitch of the zither string by pressing the string, and to change the residual sound after playing the string with the right hand, so as to achieve the purpose of "taking rhyme from the string" and "supplementing the sound with rhyme".
Main points of pressing strings: relax your shoulders and arms, bend your elbows naturally, with your wrists parallel to the back of your hand, put your forefinger and middle finger on the strings of the Zheng naturally, press the strings with your fingertips, and press the strings with your fingers. Never press your wrist.
Traditional technology
The traditional technique of right hand mainly refers to the use of three fingers: big, middle and food. Whether supporting, splitting, hooking, picking, wiping, picking, pinching, turning and shaking, its core principle is: the technical law characterized by the eight-degree internal hook method of the pentatonic series with the thumb as the axis (the thumb pointing outwards is called "supporting", the middle finger pointing inwards is called "hook", and it is called "hook" with the folk hook method). Whether it is an enlightenment beginner or a typical school of Zheng music, the position of playing the strings is the octave of the big finger and the middle finger-the big finger is the main finger of playing the melody, and the index finger moves on the four Zheng strings within the octave of the big finger and the middle finger, which is the main feature of the traditional right-handed technique.
Traditional left-handed techniques are characterized by singing, rubbing and pressing, with rhyme and simple sound as the main features. Various changes in techniques are the main means of expression of local schools. First of all, we should master the expression techniques of basic concepts such as yin, kneading and sliding, and then we should master the special expression techniques with local style and characteristics.
current technology
With the development of the times, the techniques of Zheng widely draw lessons from and absorb the techniques of other musical instruments to enrich their own means of expression. From playing with both hands to expressing special sounds, from arranging pentatonic and heptatonic scales to arranging special scales, Zheng's playing ability has been greatly enriched.
The fingering of fingering sequence is arranged according to the law of melody, which is suitable for special music sequence and rapidly changing melody. "Finger-sequential plucking" makes the fingers plucking strings not limited to the big, middle and index fingers of the right hand, but ten fingers of both hands, emphasizing finger function and finger independence, and plucking strings is the main plucking method. This further developed Zheng's techniques.
The "finger-shaking method" with the point as the line is one of the important means of expression of modern music, which makes the rotation coherent and smooth, strengthens the intensity, broadens the scope of expression and gives modern music new meaning of expression.
7. What's the legend? As early as more than two thousand years ago, the state of Qin had a guzheng.
So how did Zheng come? There is an interesting legend: at that time, there was a musical instrument called Musical Instrument in the State of Qin. There is a man named Wan Wuyi. He plays the harpsichord very well, and his two daughters also like playing the harpsichord very much.
One day, the two sisters scrambled to learn to play the piano from their father. Elder sister runs fast. Take the piano in her hand first. The coquettish sister refused to let go, so she rushed over and hugged the piano in her hand. You pull me and pull me, to outdo each other.
Suddenly, with a click, Arthur broke in half. Father heard the sound and hurried over, stunned.
I see that my sister's hand is half thirteen-stringed and half twelve-stringed. Anxious and angry, he took the harp from his two daughters, sighed and touched it left and right, and plucked the strings with his fingers. To his surprise, half of the harps made a better sound.
Wan Wuyi forgot to blame his daughter. He made some repairs to one side of the instrument respectively. As a result, the instruments here are better than the original ones, and the sound is better! He was overjoyed because two women fought and broke into two pieces, so they called the instrument Zheng. Since then, "Zheng" has spread in the state of Qin.