1, a variety of feeding methods coexist.
There are three main ways to raise chickens, namely, ground flat raising, online flat raising and three-dimensional cage raising. As far as our city is concerned, most of the Nongda No.3 chickens and Tucai chickens raised by farmers such as Tuanpiaozhuang, Xindianzi, Dang Yu, Dongjiuzhai and Tiechang grow on the ground in mountainous areas or under forests and fruit trees. Broilers coexist on the ground and online, while more than 90% of other kinds of hens are kept in three-dimensional cages.
2. The breeding situation is mixed.
(1) The contracted broiler breeding grew rapidly. At present, the broiler breeding in our city has been led by Great Wall Science and Trade Co., Ltd. and organized through the operation mode of "company+farmer". In order to encourage farmers with cash flow difficulties to engage in broiler breeding, the company gives farmers in new greenhouses a reward of one yuan per chicken, and can owe money to big chickens. At the same time, the company's technicians provide timely and thoughtful services for farmers before, during and after delivery, which greatly mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for breeding. Through our interviews and investigations, the number of farmers has increased from 28 in the same period last year to 60 now, and the number of chickens raised has increased from 70,000 to 80,000 per month in the same period last year to 1 5-160,000 now, all of which have increased by more than1times.
(2) Laying hens tend to be stable. In recent years, due to the continuous downturn in the laying hen market and the impact of the avian flu epidemic, some small households with about 500 chickens and some new households have basically changed careers, while households with medium or above scale have been engaged in chicken raising for a long time, accumulating more funds and investing more in fixed assets. Usually, they have a certain market economy mind, understand and master the laws of market changes, and form a mature market concept: "lay the foundation at the bottom and seek benefits at the top", and take their time in the face of changing markets. Zhanggezhuang Community, Xilisan Township; Xiaofengtai Community and Guogezhuang Community in Ping 'an City; Farmers in Xisi Community of Tuanpiaozhuang and Shuhe and Liuhe Villages of Dongling Xixiu Village are still positive and optimistic about the current development form, adhere to the strategy of "no loss but profit" and make up the column in time, so the breeding scale tends to be stable.
(3) Free-range chicken farming in mountainous areas (under trees) is not optimistic. Through our interviews and investigations, except for the profit of Beishan Chicken Farm in Dongjiuzhai Town, other farmers are basically in the state of capital preservation or meager profit operation. The reasons are as follows: first, free-range eggs are small and the egg production is lower than that of ordinary eggs; Second, thousands of households are scattered, and egg sales are fragmented and cannot be combined. Markets and supermarkets in large and medium-sized cities are difficult to enter, so the sales of eggs are in a passive situation, and the prices are quite different from those in free range eggs. Most of them are sold at the price of ordinary eggs or slightly higher than ordinary eggs. Third, the eliminated chickens are too small and the sales price is low; Fourth, the variety is mixed, not only the growth rate is slow, but also the egg production is extremely low, often making ends meet.
3. Small scale.
The chicken industry in our city is a small-scale and large-scale production mode with a low production level. 85% of the farmers' stocks are between 1 1,000-3,000, and the number of farmers over 5,000 is less than 10%. Most of them use idle houses or build simple chicken houses next to courtyard villages for breeding. Poor production conditions and low feeding quantity restrict the investment in science and technology. The backward comprehensive epidemic prevention conditions are as follows. The concrete manifestations are as follows: first, among all farmers of all scales, except for about 5% farmers who carry out mechanical manure removal, the rest farmers are all operated manually, and the per capita feeding capacity is low; Second, although people's awareness and means of epidemic prevention have been greatly improved after the impact of bird flu, the problems in many farms are still very serious. Although some communities are planned outside the village, most of them are mixed with people and chickens, even chickens, ducks, geese and pigs.
4. Lack of initiative in egg sales.
At present, the egg production in our city has reached 45,000 tons, with a per capita possession of 58.5 kilograms, 7.6 kilograms higher than that in Hebei and 4 1.5 kilograms higher than that in the whole country. Except for the export of eggs in Ping 'an City, Shimen, Sujiawa, Xindianzi, Tuanpiaozhuang and other places where egg production is relatively concentrated, most of them are either looking for the market or selling on the spot. A little trouble will cause a backlog of eggs, and we are unable to digest so many eggs ourselves. In addition to the limited purchasing power of residents, the most important thing is that there are no egg processing enterprises and egg sales institutions in our city. The most serious problem is the free-range households of Chai chicken in iron works and other places, and the free-range eggs they produce are rarely sold at their own prices.
Second, the countermeasures
1. Improve poultry breeding methods.
Small-scale and large-scale production methods have not adapted to the requirements of modern livestock and poultry breeding. It is imperative to take the road of large-scale and standardized feeding, and it is imperative to change from the traditional backward small-scale decentralized feeding mode to the modern scientific large-scale feeding mode. We will effectively change the traditional methods of polyculture of chickens, chickens, ducks, geese and pigs, and advocate large-scale farming with reasonable density, modern production equipment, clean and hygienic feeding environment and advanced and scientific feeding management.
2, based on reality, find the right market positioning.
Small-scale farmers should aim at local consumption, adapt to the characteristics of farmers' markets, produce and sell sporadically, and be flexible in production methods and arrangements. Farmers above the medium scale should aim at the market and supplement the consumption gap in large and medium-sized cities. For farmers with good economic foundation, increase investment in science and technology, realize modernization of breeding facilities, mechanical automation, technical specialization, large-scale production and ecological breeding environment, and develop eggs rich in selenium, zinc and iodine and various Chinese herbal medicines for health care; Farmers with poor economic foundation should strengthen the experiment and popularization of new technologies, make great efforts to improve the yield level and product quality, and strive to explore new ways of "decentralized production and centralized sales" to improve market competitiveness.
3. Cultivate leading enterprises, expand bases, and vigorously promote the process of industrialization.
The development of leading enterprises in animal husbandry can give a strong impetus to the development of animal husbandry. The rapid growth of broiler breeding in our city is not unrelated to the drive of leading enterprises. Therefore, in order to enlarge and strengthen the laying hen industry in our city, we must establish an egg processing enterprise or a large-scale egg wholesale market with high starting point, large scale, great development potential and good market prospects through policy guidance, financial support, credit concessions, investment promotion and social financing. And we can also carry out institutional innovation and establishment among the existing leading enterprises in animal husbandry. "
On the basis of existing chicken raising, build a production base with a certain scale and concentration. In the production base, different levels of business models, such as specialized villages, specialized communities and specialized households, will develop together and guide farmers to gradually embark on specialized production.
It is necessary to take effective measures to organize leading enterprises and base farmers to speed up the interest docking between leading enterprises and bases through service mechanism, contract mechanism and joint-stock cooperation mechanism, and form an integrated relationship of risk sharing and benefit sharing.
4. Strengthen the policy protection for the chicken industry.
Combined with the reality of chicken production in our city, we should strengthen the policy protection of chicken industry from the following aspects. First, implement the development strategy of supplementing agriculture with industry, increase capital investment, strengthen the infrastructure construction of animal husbandry, improve the service system and protect and improve the production environment of animal husbandry. And through the establishment of market information network, analyze and predict the market, do a good job of information service, and guide farmers to organize production according to foreign market demand; Second, improve the science and technology extension system, increase investment in animal husbandry, strengthen scientific research, strengthen the experiment and popularization of new technologies, and accelerate the introduction and absorption of foreign advanced scientific and technological achievements; Third, do a good job in popularizing relevant policies and plans, strengthen training in aquaculture technology, and improve the quality of farmers and professional and technical personnel; Fourth, establish a policy-based livestock and poultry insurance system, increase investment in livestock and poultry insurance, reduce breeding risks and safeguard the interests of farmers.