(2) the final ideal solution (IFR). At the beginning of solving the problem, TRIZ theory first puts aside various objective constraints and defines the ideal final result (IFR) of the problem through idealization, so as to make clear the direction and position of the ideal solution, ensure that it can advance along this goal in the process of solving the problem, and obtain the final ideal solution, thus avoiding the disadvantages of traditional innovation-related methods that lack goals and improving the efficiency of innovative design. If the creative problem-solving method is compared to a bridge leading to victory, then the ultimate ideal solution (IFR) is the pier of this bridge. The final ideal solution (IFR) has four characteristics: 1, which keeps the advantages of the original system; 2. Eliminate the shortcomings of the original system; 3. The system is not complicated; 4. No new defects have been introduced.
(3) 40 principles of invention. Achschuler studied, analyzed and summarized a large number of patents, and extracted the most important and universal invention principle of TRIZ, namely: 1, division; 2. extraction; 3. Local quality; 4. Asymmetry; 5. merger; 6. Universality; 7. nesting; 8. counterweight; 9. Pre-reaction; 10, early action; 1 1, emergency measures in advance; 12, equipotential principle; 13, reverse thinking; 14, surface; 15, dynamic; 16, insufficient or excessive action; 17, one-dimensional variable multidimensional; 18, mechanical vibration; 19, periodic action; 20. Continuity of effective function; 2 1, urgent action; 22. Turn harm into benefit; 23.feedback; 24. Intermediate; 25. Self-service; 26. reproduction; 27. Disposable articles; 28. Replacement of mechanical system; 29, gas and hydraulic structure; 30, flexible shell and film; 3 1, porous material; 32. change the color; 33. Homogeneity; 34. Abandonment and regeneration; 35, physical/chemical state changes; 36. Phase change; 37. Thermal expansion; 38. Accelerated oxidation; 39. inert environment; 40, composite materials, etc.
(4) 39 engineering parameters and Achschuler contradiction matrix. In the research of patents, Achschuler found that only 39 engineering parameters are improving and deteriorating relative to each other, and these patents have solved the conflicts and contradictions of these engineering parameters in different fields. These contradictions are constantly emerging and resolved. From this, he summed up 40 innovative principles to solve conflicts and contradictions. Then, these conflict and conflict resolution principles are combined into a matrix consisting of 39 improvement parameters and 39 deterioration parameters. The horizontal axis of the matrix represents the parameters that are expected to be improved, and the vertical axis represents the parameters that have deteriorated due to the improvement of a certain technical feature. The numbers at the intersection of the parameters on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis represent the number of innovative principles used to solve system conflicts. This is the famous technical contradiction matrix. Achschuler's contradiction matrix provides an inventive principle for the problem solver. According to the two engineering parameters that produce contradictions in the system, the contradiction can be directly found from the matrix table to solve the problem.
(5) Physical contradiction and the four separation principles. When the engineering parameters of a technical system have opposite requirements, there is a physical contradiction. For example, a parameter of the system is required to exist and not exist, or both high and low, or both large and small, and so on. Compared with technical contradiction, physical contradiction is more acute and needs to be solved in innovation. The subsystem where the physical contradiction lies is the key subsystem of the system. A system or key subsystem should have parameter characteristics that meet a certain requirement, but another requirement requires that the system or key subsystem cannot have such parameter characteristics. The separation principle was put forward by Achshuler to solve the physical contradiction. The separation methods are 1 1, which can be summarized into four separation principles, namely spatial separation, temporal separation, conditional separation and system-level separation.
(6) Analysis of "material field model". Achshuler believes that every technical system can be composed of many subsystems with different functions. Therefore, each system has its subsystems, and each subsystem can be further subdivided into the microscopic levels of molecules, atoms, protons and electrons. Large-scale system, subsystem and micro-level all have functions, and all functions can be decomposed into two substances and 1 field (that is, two elements). In the definition of material field model, material refers to an object or process, which can be the whole system, a subsystem or a single object in the system or even the environment according to the actual situation. Field refers to the technology or means needed to complete a certain function, which usually exists in some form of energy, such as magnetic field, gravitational field, electric energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, mechanical energy, acoustic energy and light energy. Object field analysis is an analytical tool in TRIZ theory, which is used to establish a functional model related to the problems of existing systems or new technology systems.
(seven) the standard solution to the invention problem. The standard solution was founded by Achshuler in 1985, and there are 76 * * * solutions, which are divided into five levels. The order of the solutions of each layer also reflects the inevitable evolution process and direction of the technical system. Standard solutions can quickly solve standard problems in one or two steps. The standard solution is the most important topic in Archischuler's later research on TRIZ theory, and it is also the essence of TRIZ advanced theory. Standard solution is also the basis for solving nonstandard problems, which are mainly solved by ARIZ, whose main idea is to transform nonstandard problems into standard problems through various methods, and then apply standard solutions to obtain solutions.
(8) Invented the problem solving algorithm (ARIZ). ARIZ is the theoretical method and steps that should be followed in the process of solving invention problems. ARIZ is a complete problem solving program based on the evolution law of technical system, and it is a set of algorithm for solving non-standard problems. The theoretical basis of ARIZ consists of the following three principles: 1, ARIZ is to identify and solve technical contradictions that cause problems; 2. Once the problem solver adopts ARIZ to solve the problem, his inertial thinking factors must be controlled; 3.ARIZ is also constantly supported by a wide range of up-to-date knowledge bases. ARIZ was first put forward by Archie Schuler in 1977. After several improvements, it formed a relatively perfect theoretical system. Ariz-85 includes nine steps: 1, analyzing problems; 2. Analyze the problem model; 3. State IFR and physical contradiction; 4. Use resources in the field of materials; 5. Apply knowledge base; 6. Transformation or substitution; 7. Analyze the methods to solve physical contradictions; 8. Apply the concept of solution; 9. Analyze the process of solving problems and so on.
(9) Knowledge base of scientific effects and phenomena. The application of scientific principles, especially scientific effects and phenomena, is of great help to the solution of invention problems. The application of scientific effects and phenomena should follow five steps. When solving invention problems, 30 functions need to be realized, and 100 science and phenomena are often used to realize these functions.