Li Chunhua, a young Hulusi performer and educator, is currently the executive director of the Hulusi Bawu Professional Committee in China, and the judge of Hulusi Grade Examination in Shanghai Conservatory of Music. His published works include Tutorial on the Use of Hulusi Bawu, Guide to the Performance of Hulusi Bawu, How to Play Hulusi Bawu Well, How to Play Hulusi Bawu Classic Songs Well, Hulusi Bawu One-stop Learning, Happy Hulusi, Golden Gourd, intoxicating Hulusi, Charming Hululan and Hulusi. Gourd, homophonic blessing, is usually considered to send good luck to each other. Blessing gift. The Dai people in Yunnan creatively developed the gourd into a magical and wonderful national musical instrument-Hulusi. A golden double-wrapped gourd inlaid with a white bamboo mouth, with three bamboo tubes with different thicknesses protruding from the lower end, thus forming a gourd silk. With a gentle blow, you can make melodious music, sometimes like a bamboo forest in the mountains, with profound silence; Sometimes it is like a mountain spring, lingering; Sometimes as proud as a peacock, as a hundred birds contend; Sometimes as early as dawn, hazy and mysterious; Sometimes, cavalry like Wan is graceful ... used to listening to grand and magnificent concertos and listening to a piece of cucurbit silk, but he can't say it. When you are bored, you can put a piece of gourd silk and a quiet path, which will immediately make people feel refreshed and carefree. Hulusi attracts more and more fans with its wonderful voice and unique charm. Speaking of cucurbit silk, we can't help but mention Li Chunhua, the prince of cucurbit silk from Cai Yun. Li Chunhua, a Han nationality, had an indissoluble bond with Hulusi by chance as early as his school days, and he has been addicted to it ever since. In addition to eating and sleeping, as long as there is leisure time, Li Chunhua will practice behind closed doors. Watching the news, staring at the TV screen, but busy practicing the flexibility of my fingers with a gourd silk in my hand. In order to facilitate practice, he also removed the head of cucurbit silk and made a practice tube himself, in which people could practice the tube casually. Even in the car, I didn't idle my mouth to say "TTK, TTK, TKT, tkt ..." and began to read again. That's really to the point of forgetting to eat and sleep, infatuation. It is because of this kind of hard practice and serious study that Li Chunhua's playing skills of cucurbit flute are becoming more and more mature. In practice, I also encountered many difficulties. For example, when I first started studying, there was always a "goo" voice problem, which really bothered Li Chunhua for some time. After consulting and flipping through books, I failed to completely solve the problem. He tried one method after another by his own exploration, and even his family became his consultants. "There are many good things to grind." Li Chunhua found that when playing, you can avoid the appearance of "goo" sound by opening your mouth quickly at the end of the sound. He applied this discovery to teaching, and the students quickly solved the problem of "goo" sound. In the long-term teaching, Li Chunhua also found many similar "goo" sounds, which seemed simple, but made cucurbit lovers unable to solve this problem by themselves. He came up with the idea of compiling his learning and teaching experience into a book, so in 2000, Li Chunhua's first work, A Practical Course of Hulusi Bawu, was published. Tutorial from scales, hole diagrams to etudes, and then to music, each chapter is followed by relevant music theory knowledge. There are a large number of music scores suitable for cucurbit flute playing in the book. At the end of the book, there is also a fingering table of various tones. Even people who don't understand music theory can learn to play cucurbit flute after reading this tutorial simply. It is no longer difficult to learn cucurbit silk, and cucurbit silk has been popularized and popularized in a wider range. For a time, this course became the favorite book recommended to customers by gourd sellers when selling gourd silk. Li Chunhua himself encountered such a thing: when visiting Yunnan Ethnic Village, she was warmly invited by a female boss to recommend the gourd silk in the shop as a foreign tourist, fearing not to buy it. She added: "You can't play, you don't know music theory, don't be afraid. You will learn quickly if you buy this schoolbag, which is how my brother and I learned ... "She also improvised a song" There is a Beautiful Place ". Li Chunhua saw that this book was a practical course of Hulusi Bawu written by himself. Seeing that merchants and customers are so sure of their works. Li Chunhua is both happy and worried. I am glad that my years of teaching experience has been recognized by everyone; The worry is that if there is a mistake in the book, he will mislead the learners. So Li Chunhua paid more attention to the revision and improvement of practical courses. From the red cover to the green version, the pages of the book became thicker and thicker, and the content became more and more substantial. Street vendors even condensed the essence of books into leaflets to promote their own gourd silk. In just five years, the practical course of Hulusi Bawu has become a compulsory course for the majority of Hulusi learners. Li Chunhua's cucurbit flute playing technique and teaching method have been recognized by everyone. With the publication of "Practical Course of Hulusi Bawu", Li Chunhua has been receiving telephone inquiries from some Hulusi learners, and there are some problems in her study. It can be seen that the market needs more intuitive demonstration teaching materials with demonstration and visibility. The publication of Li Chunhua's teaching VCD "How to Play the Hulusi Bawu Well" just fills this vacancy, which is also the first systematic teaching album of Hulusi Bawu on the market. As Hulusi is known to more people, a large number of Hulusi lovers have grown up and are no longer satisfied with playing some simple music. They are more eager for difficult music involving cucurbit silk, but too professional music is not easy to understand at the moment. At the request of learners, Li Chunhua published the second teaching album "How to Play the Hulusi Bawu Well" and the third teaching album "A Little Communication with Hulusi Bawu". In the process of serving as the judge of Hulusi grading test in Shanghai Conservatory of Music, Li Chunhua deeply felt the difference among the grading students: to what extent should a piece of music be played before it is qualified. In order to give students good guidance and help, in May 2005, the first edition of "Hulusi Graded Album Demonstration" was published. For a long time, due to the limited musical scale of Hulusi, there are few tracks that can be played, which has become a limitation in the development of Hulusi. Hulusi gives people a sense of regret. In this respect, Li Chunhua made a bold innovation and breakthrough, and adapted the erhu solo "Horse Racing" into a cucurbit solo, which was loved by everyone. The March of Cavalry, which reflects the life of the army, is played with cucurbit silk, making it more popular. The adaptation of the violin concerto Liangzhu makes the performance of cucurbit flute richer and more attractive. The "Laughter of the Sea" played with cucurbit silk makes people appreciate the heroic pride of ancient and modern times: Who said that cucurbit silk is petty? With the publication of Li Chunhua's appreciation album Happy Hulusi and intoxicating Hulusi, people have a new understanding of Hulusi. Li Chunhua, young, full of passion and vitality, is appraised by many people who have heard and seen his album. In the teaching exchange, Li Chunhua's modesty, sincerity and patience left a deep impression on many people. Call someone you know or don't know and ask him questions. No matter how busy he is, he will give you serious and sincere advice, suggestions and encouragement. Zhao Yaxing, a 0/6-year-old boy from Changde City, Hunan Province, and Wang Xiaochun, a 59-year-old boy from Tonghua City, Jilin Province, raised this point the deepest. They all know Li Chunhua through teaching albums. In the telephone consultation, I got a lot of instructions from Li Chunhua. I have won many national and provincial gold medals with cucurbit silk-their first call after winning the prize was to report the good news to Mr. Li and thank him for his patient guidance. Seeing their achievements, Li Chunhua said: This is the greatest affirmation for himself! Li Chunhua has spread cucurbit silk culture all over the country. He has held cucurbit flute solo concerts and seminars in many cities (dozens of concerts in Shangqiu, Hangzhou and Taiyuan). Li Chunhua's achievement today stems from his love and pursuit of the art of cucurbit silk, spreading national culture and promoting national musical instruments, so that more people can understand and love cucurbit silk and hear its voice. This is the biggest wish of Li Chunhua, the little prince of Hulusi.

Listening to Prince Hulusi and Talking about Hulujing

Round gourd and several reeds, it sounds nice to blow and easy to learn. This is the national musical instrument-Hulusi, which is very popular with the elderly recently. Hulusi is a minority musical instrument in Yunnan. This musical instrument uses a half-gourd as a sound box. Three bamboo tubes with different lengths are inserted side by side at the lower end of the gourd, and copper tiles are embedded. The longer bamboo tube in the middle has seven holes. When playing, blowing the thin end of the gourd means pressing the sound hole of the middle bamboo tube, while playing the melody, the left and right bamboo tubes simultaneously emit a fixed single tone to form harmony with the melody. Its music is soft and delicate, mellow and simple, and very expressive.

Recently, Li Chunhua, the "Prince of Hulusi" from Yunnan, came to Hangzhou to exchange his Hulujing with his old friends.

Li Chunhua, who is only 32 years old, was born in Jinning County. At the age of 65,438+06, he began to play erhu in the folk music team. By chance, he saw his brother fiddling with an instrument with a gourd, and the wonderful and light timbre played by the instrument immediately attracted him.

"At that time, a gourd silk cost 80 yuan, and my pocket money was only 5 yuan a month. It took me half a year and 50 yuan to buy an eighth five-year plan similar to cucurbit silk. " Li Chunhua said with a smile. In the following years, Pau and Li Chunhua were inseparable, and the more important thing than eating every day was blowing.

Li Chunhua, with his love for Hulusi, published the first professional teaching material of Hulusi, recorded the teaching CD of Hulusi, and became a "Hulusi musician". "It is this feeling for cucurbit silk that has brought me to this day." He said.

"Hulusi is characterized by good timbre, simple and easy to use, and is especially suitable for the elderly to enrich their lives. However, although it is easy to get started, if you want to learn, you must have special teaching materials and professional teacher guidance. " Li Chunhua repeatedly stressed, "Many elderly people may feel that they have no musical foundation and no talent. It doesn't really matter. Nearly 90% people have no special understanding of music. As long as you want to learn well, study hard and study hard, there will be satisfactory results. "

Learning well, seeing well, listening well, playing well and playing well are the five characteristics of Hulusi.

Asked Li Chunhua what he knew about learning Hulusi, he smiled and said, "The most important thing in practicing Hulusi is a good breath. Old people don't need to ask themselves to be exactly the same as the original song. They should pursue fluency, naturalness and elegance, giving priority to music, themselves and happiness. "

Finally, Li Chunhua specially reminded the elderly fans: "If you like cucurbit silk, you must practice hard. According to your own situation, it is best to ensure one or two hours of practice time every day. Playing cucurbit silk can exercise and adjust mood. I believe it will be a musical instrument that makes you happy. "

Li Chunhua: Modest Hulusi Musician

Speaking of Li Chunhua, not many people are familiar with it. However, if you are a cucurbit lover, the situation is very different. Because, at present, most of the cucurbit flute training courses and cucurbit flute VCD discs used by cucurbit flute lovers in our state are from his hands. The reporter once saw the first set of domestic cucurbit flute and Bawu audio courses and supporting VCD discs compiled by him, Qi Dequan and Yang Zhining in Luxi Cultural Center, and also witnessed the role of his latest practical course of cucurbit flute and Bawu in students' study. Li Chunhua, who is only 32 years old, was born in Jinning County. When he was young, he was influenced and educated by folk music under the guidance of his grandfather and father. 199 1, admitted to Kunming Normal School. Wang Shaolu, the composer and inventor of the music audiovisual board, studied the theory of national music and the performance of national instrumental music. Later, he devoted himself to learning the performance of cucurbit silk from Qi Dequan, a famous producer and performer of cucurbit silk. At the same time, he studied in the Music Education Department of Yunnan Arts University, and is currently engaged in the teaching and research of national music. In 2002, together with Qi Dequan and Yang Zhining, he compiled the first audio course of Hulusi Bawu in China and its supporting VCD "Dai Feng Shen Yun", and later he personally compiled the practical course of Hulusi Bawu. In April, 2002, he published How to Play the Hulusi and Bawu Well, and the intoxicating Hulusi. As such a "famous teacher" who is engaged in the teaching and research of folk music, he takes care of others modestly, never pretends to be a master, and his style is particularly good. Recently, the reporter interviewed Li Chunhua and learned about his connection with Hulusi, a national musical instrument in our state, the development of Hulusi music and his views on holding the first Hulusi Cultural Festival in Dehong, China. According to Li Chunhua, in 2002, the market and play of cucurbit silk were not standardized and scientific enough. Therefore, Mr. Qi Dequan and his colleagues jointly compiled the first set of audio lessons of Hulusi and Bawu in China and the supporting VCD discs, and compiled the classic Hulusi tracks into a book, which helped teachers to teach students to play Hulusi in a standardized and scientific way, and also provided an introductory tutorial for Hulusi lovers, making a certain contribution to the development of Hulusi. In recent years, Hulusi musicians in Jilin, Beijing, Hunan and other places have also given lectures, and a large number of outstanding performers and Hulusi educators have emerged, showing a good situation of letting a hundred flowers blossom. The spring for the development of Hulusi, a national musical instrument, is coming again. Li Chunhua said that Dehong Prefecture sized up the situation and closely followed the pulse of the times, and proposed to hold the first Hulusi Culture Festival in Dehong, China during the "October 1st" this year, which is conducive to pushing Hulusi to a climax and promoting the development of Hulusi art; It is also a blessing for every cucurbit musician. We have the obligation and responsibility to run the cultural festival well, and take this cultural festival as an opportunity to tell the world that the hometown of cucurbit silk is Lianghe in Dehong, and the masters who play cucurbit silk grew up in this land. He said that he would overcome difficulties and try his best to participate in the first Hulusi Art Festival. Li Chunhua has high hopes for the young cucurbit lovers in our state. He said that he felt very good after listening to the performances of several Dehong children. If you go to Kunming and Beijing to participate in the competition, you are all excellent players who may win gold and silver awards. As long as you are well trained, you will be the future cucurbit flute player. Li Chunhua said modestly, "Frankly speaking, I am not a master of cucurbit flute playing, but a persistent cucurbit flute lover and performer. It's easy to learn cucurbit silk, but it's not easy to play it well. Art and learning are endless, and my future path will be explored through continuous learning. " People often say, "Spring blossoms and autumn fruits". Without flowers in spring, there would be no fruitful fruits in autumn. Naturally, so is life. With modest attitude and diligent study, Li Chunhua has won today's fruitful results: he has also served as the executive director of the Bawu Professional Committee of Hulusi of the Chinese National Orchestral Society and the scoring judge of Hulusi of Shanghai Conservatory of Music. Talking about his future plans, he said humorously, "Without Hulusi, I would be unemployed. I have lived by cucurbit silk all my life, and blowing it well is my greatest wish. " Because cucurbit silk is my lifelong pursuit and spiritual pillar. "He also told reporters that I dare to predict that the development of cucurbit silk will soar like the stock market in the future, in one word:" Niu ". If you go out of Yunnan, you will find melodious Hulusi music everywhere in the country, and many people like Hulusi almost to the point of being possessed. The reporter asked him about Dehong's impression, and he kept saying, "This place is really a land of singing and dancing and a kingdom of plants. Every place, every detail is fascinating. This is a treasure land, which has nurtured countless outstanding artists such as Jin Xiaofeng, Gong, Qi Dequan, Wan and Mao. Dehong people should be proud of living in this land. "

Li Chunhua is the vice president of Hulusi Bawu Professional Committee of China National Orchestra Society, and was rated as a pioneering and innovative minority wind musician in China by Shanghai Conservatory of Music. In his monograph "Li Chunhua Hulusi Creation Works", * * included 9 Hulusi works created by himself. On the basis of his own national style, he added professional composition techniques, among which "Silk Love" and "Gourd in the Wind" are completely the style characteristics of western music, similar to the nature of instrumental essays. Others, such as Song and Dance, Shambhala in the Blue, Charm of Wooden Drum, Broken Bridge and Broken Moon, Blue Lake, etc., have regional ethnic characteristics. From these works, we can see that Li Chunhua has a profound understanding and grasp of national music style and western composition style. Through the study of his works, the author has a deep understanding of today's Hulusi music from the aspects of work style, composition techniques and skill application.

First, it reflects the diversity of national styles.

The most prominent feature of China's instrumental music creation is the title of the work, from which we can understand the composer's intention and aesthetic point of view, while the most prominent feature of China's instrumental music is the regional characteristics or style. China has a vast territory, diverse terrain and many ethnic groups. It is these natural and humanistic factors that make the music style regional and diverse. The style of Li Chunhua's cucurbit silk works is no longer confined to the narrow geographical scope, but uses cucurbit silk, a unique musical instrument of southwest ethnic minorities, to show the ethnic customs of different regions.

1, "Song and Dance": "Dance" is a kind of folk song and dance form in Naxi area, which can be divided into two types, one is a narrative dance song mainly composed of songs, and the other is a form with lyrical nature. In this work, Li Chunhua combines the two forms of song and dance in one furnace. The music is taken from folk song and dance music materials, and the unique rhythm form of dance is used: three steps and one stamp. That is, each bar has three and a half beats, which fully embodies the national customs of Naxi nationality.

2. Shambhala in Blue: This piece has a strong Tibetan music style. Tibetans are a good singer and dancer, mainly living in Xizang Autonomous Region. Tibetan song and dance art has a long history and is rich and colorful, especially the "Ma Bao" song and dance. In the work "Blue Shambhala", Kama's song and dance structure is taken as the music structure of the whole song, that is, prelude, slow song segment and fast dance segment, and Tibetan wine song is taken as the music material. This song also makes full use of the dance rhythm form: four beats and three steps, depicting a fairyland-like Tibetan painting.

3. "Snow Lotus Blossoms": This piece has the characteristics of Xinjiang music style. Uighur music can be divided into three forms by region, namely, southern Xinjiang music, eastern Xinjiang music and northern Xinjiang music. The music in these three areas is in sharp contrast in the mode scale. This piece of music fully embodies the musical style of northern Xinjiang from the composition of mode scales, that is, it is dominated by pentatonic scale and heptatonic scale, and the cucurbit silk is fully used when the drum sound is 5.

4. Broken bridge and broken moon: This piece is the first time that Hulusi played Jiangnan-style music. The composer took the Jiangsu folk song Meng Jiangnv as the melody material and extended it. Part of the introduction music can feel the shadow of the famous bamboo flute "Gusuxing", which is based on the profound artistic conception of "Broken Bridge and Snow" in the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou. But the author does not pay attention to the scenery description in this piece of music, but pays more attention to the state of mind.

5. Charm of wooden drum: This song has a strong Wa music style. Wa people mainly live in Ximeng and Tuoyuan, two Wa autonomous counties in southwest Yunnan Province. Wooden drum is a percussion instrument of Wa nationality. Wa people often beat drums and dance with them during festivals, while wooden drum dance often has intense or single dance movements, so we can deeply appreciate the performance and "charm" of wooden drum dance in this work.

Second, the gourd silk sketch-the creation of western music style works

As a genre of instrumental music, the word "sketch" originated from western instrumental music creation, especially piano music creation, such as The Romantic Period Austrian composer Schubert's Moment of Music, Polish Chopin's Nocturne and German Mendelssohn's Songs Without Words. This genre is characterized by small space, mostly titles, and mostly lyrical or narrative content. In Hulusi music, on the surface, each paragraph is very short, with title, lyric and narrative. The author's introduction of the word sketch into this paper has a specific meaning, and not all works can be called sketches. The sketch mentioned by the author is to put aside the characteristics reflected on the surface of the work, but mainly to study the composition techniques.

Silk Love is a typical work with modern music style by using western composition techniques. Its modern style is manifested in the following aspects. First of all, it is characterized by polytonality. The first part of the work starts from the weak dominant tone of the main melody, takes G major as the keynote, and uses the method of modular series to express the melody. At the end of the first part, the relative minor in G major tends to be E minor. From major to minor, the emotional color changes from bright to soft, and new music materials are introduced in the process of mode conversion, which makes the lyricism more enhanced. The second part ends in e minor. The third part is a variation development of music material, but the tonality has not changed, which is more like the tonality conversion mode of the first part. The fourth work belongs to the transitional period, from E minor in the third part to G major in the fourth part, and the fifth part is a complete reproduction of the first part, returning to the theme and ending the whole song.

Another work, Gourd in the Wind, does not change its tune as frequently as Silk Love, but insists on the same key from beginning to end, that is, E minor. This piece of music is mostly a repetition of the material and has the nature of variation.

Thirdly, the development and innovation of traditional techniques of cucurbit silk.

Hulusi music can fascinate people, and the key lies in the embodiment of Hulusi playing skills. On the whole, the playing skills of Hulusi can be divided into three aspects, which are also the three basic aspects that must be mastered in learning Hulusi. One is breath skills, including strength control, ventilation methods, air vibrato and so on.

The second is the skill of fingers, mainly including playing, sliding, virtual finger vibrato, finger vibrato, overlapping sound, Boeing and so on. And the skills on the tongue are mainly all kinds of spit sounds. Hulusi music should show a variety of styles, and the use of techniques is very important. The use of techniques makes the notes full of vitality. On the contrary, without the use of skills, the whole music is rigid and lifeless. In Li Chunhua's works, various techniques are everywhere. It is no exaggeration to say that every note in the works has technical characteristics, so most of these works are dazzling. Judging from the long-term development of Hulusi music, dazzling features are nothing more than the mainstream form of development, and this development of dazzling skills also puts forward higher performance requirements for players, which is of positive significance to the long-term development of Hulusi.

1, the development of traditional skills

In the past, all kinds of techniques were used independently, but in Li Chunhua's works, we can see that many techniques are combined and frequently used.

The use of polyphony (1) abandons the isolated use of monosyllables in the past. Instead, it can be used between notes that differ by several degrees, and more is Legato and Polyphony.

(2) Fingering with air. It is a bit far-fetched for the author to use this skill name here. In-depth clarification is necessary. Qi here refers to the sound line, and the concept refers to various skills on the fingers, that is, there are both sound lines and finger skills in the same bar or even the same beat. Therefore, the combination of sound line and fingering puts forward higher requirements for players.

2, the use of new skills

(1) pronunciation is used separately in traditional techniques. The use of pronunciation makes the notes hard, while playing makes the notes elastic. In Li Chunhua's Playing Singing, the combination of pronunciation and performance can enhance the hardness and elasticity of the notes.

(2) Finger vibrato

This technique is widely used in Blue Shambhala. This technique breaks the traditional vibrato playing method, and its method is to quickly open and close the sound holes above the original sound, and keep the other sound holes in place. There are two kinds of vibrato: long vibrato and short vibrato. This kind of vibrato has Ma Touqin-style vibrato effect, which is mainly used in Mongolian music and Tibetan music.

Fourthly, the position of Li Hulusi's works in the development history of Hulusi.

Li Chunhua's creation and performance of Hulusi music is a milestone in the development history of Hulusi music. His music works have a direction of cucurbit music creation at present and in the future, and it is also a transitional style. This transition is the transition from traditional Hulusi music creation to modern creation, although most of his music materials come from folk music. However, the use of music materials, whether it is composition techniques or structural layout, reflects the breath of the new era. In essence, his Hulusi creation did not completely get rid of the national music style, but was not limited to the characteristics of a certain region, but explored and experimented with various regional styles and achieved success. In the use of vocal range, the use breadth of cucurbit scale has been skillfully expanded. First, it adapts to the embodiment of multi-styles, and also reflects the requirements of modern composition techniques for polytonality and even atonality.

conclusion

The development of art is always in a newer and higher direction with the characteristics of the times, and the development of cucurbit silk art is no exception. It can go from the southwest border of China to the whole country and even to the world, which is the result of the efforts of many years and generations of people with lofty ideals. In order to make it develop better, we must study and develop it from all aspects. Therefore, to develop the art of cucurbit silk, we should not only take root in the traditional soil, but also let it take root and sprout on a deep foundation.