The formation of middle school basketball teams can generally be carried out by recommendation and selection. Conditional schools can be selected step by step according to grades or class competitions. In addition to paying attention to the selection of students with good thinking, good study and a certain basketball foundation to join the school team, the following basic conditions should also be paid attention to when selecting:

(1) Body shape: It is best to choose tall, well-proportioned, with long legs, wide shoulders and thin waist, big feet and deep arch.

(2) Physical function: It requires good health, good cardiopulmonary function and hard work.

(3) Physical quality: It is required to give full play to the potential of all parts of the body in a short time, such as good reaction speed, explosive force, flexibility and joint flexibility.

(4) Technical foundation: This is one of the important conditions for selecting players. By testing the technical level of dribbling, shooting, passing and catching, defense, etc., observe and evaluate the reaction ability and coordination, the standardization of action, the sense of cooperation and the sense of ball. Junior high school students are still young, and the requirements for technical foundation should be different from those of senior high school students.

(5) Psychological quality: Psychological quality refers to the reflective ability reflected in intellectual activities and individual psychological behavior. For example, the orientation and distance of spatial kinesthetic sense are judged accurately, and the position selectivity is good.

It is necessary to post the list of selected players, arouse the attention of the school and stimulate the sense of responsibility and honor of the team. Before publication, the opinions of the head teacher and school leaders should be sought and their support and help should be obtained.

After the establishment of the school basketball team, it should be included in the school's educational affairs, logistics management and overall target management, and daily training and management should be carried out under the specific guidance of the sports teaching and research group. It is necessary to strengthen organizational leadership and choose a good coach. In addition to establishing the necessary management system and strengthening ideological and moral education, the key to the management of the school basketball team lies in "three implementations":

(1) Personnel organization and implementation: In addition to the list of basketball players and coaches, daily training, competition and management should be carried out under the specific leadership of the sports group, and the school is required to appoint a vice president to coordinate the relationship between educational affairs and general affairs and administration, so as to facilitate the smooth progress of the work.

(2) Implementation of training competition: The training and competition of the basketball team should be implemented according to the training plan. Make a good training and competition plan for each semester, week and class. There should be a carefully fixed training time and venue to ensure that coaches and players can be in place during training. Because basketball is a team project, it takes a long time for players to cooperate to reach a tacit understanding. If personnel are not guaranteed and slack in training, it will affect the completion of training plan and the improvement of team level.

(3) Necessary funds and equipment should be implemented: here, it mainly refers to the necessary subsidies for coaches and athletes, competition clothes and some transportation expenses and balls. If we do not pay attention to the solution, it may affect the enthusiasm of the team training and bring difficulties to the management.

Second, the training tasks and contents of the middle school basketball team

Amateur basketball training in middle school is an important part of the whole sports training and the main training form in the three-level training system in China. The fundamental purpose of sports training is to give full play to the physiological and psychological potential of athletes, improve their sports level and create excellent special sports results. However, the training of middle school basketball teams is carried out after class. Students must work hard to complete the teaching plan of each subject issued by the education department, complete the physical education teaching task on a good physical education class and complete the training task in their spare time. Therefore, according to the general task of middle school physical education teaching and the characteristics of middle school amateur training, the basic task of middle school basketball team training is:

(1) Strengthen physical exercise, develop physical fitness in an all-round way, promote normal development, enhance physical fitness and improve physical ability.

(2) Learn and master the basic knowledge, techniques and tactics of basketball, improve the application ability, and constantly improve the level of basketball.

(3) Cultivate and transport reserve talents for high-level sports teams and specialized schools, and cultivate outstanding backbones for the popularization and improvement of basketball.

(4) Carry out patriotism and collectivism education, so that athletes can establish a sense of honor for the collective glory from an early age, and cultivate a good style and strong will.

To realize the task of middle school basketball training, there must be clear training contents and requirements. The selection of training content should be determined according to the provisions of the school amateur training program, the rules of basketball training and the actual level of middle school students, and strictly implemented in the training plan. Basketball training should resolutely implement the policy of "being proactive, brave, tenacious, quick, flexible, comprehensive and accurate" in China. The training content includes six aspects:

(1) Style training: Style training is an important aspect of the team's ideological and political construction and a reflection of athletes' mental outlook. It is necessary to educate team members to study hard and practice hard for the collective, and cultivate a fighting style that dares to struggle and forge ahead; In training, we should observe discipline, unite and help each other, and in the competition, we should respect and obey the referee, win without arrogance and lose with grace. Style training should be implemented in the training plan and run through the whole training process.

(2) Physical training: Physical training is the basis of technology, and physical training must be placed in an important position. According to the age and physiological characteristics of middle school students, physical training should focus on improving the quality of speed, agility and flexibility, supplemented by developing the quality of strength and endurance, rationally arranging, ensuring the key points, combining the main and auxiliary, and combining the characteristics of basketball, developing both the general physical quality and the special sports quality, and paying attention to the organic combination of physical quality training and technical training.

(2) Technical and tactical training: Technology is the basis of tactics, so we should persist in technical training for a long time. Technical training should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of "comprehensive, practical, accurate and skilled". Middle school students have strong imitation ability, great plasticity and easy to master movements, but at the same time they are unstable and easily influenced by wrong movements. Therefore, attention should be paid to the correctness and standardization of technical movements during training.

Technical training should pay attention to basic skills and common techniques. Basketball basic skills include hand skills, foot skills, vision, waist and buttocks, and consciousness. The training of basic skills is of great significance for mastering technology, applying skills and forming skilled skills. Common technical training should include moving, passing and catching, dribbling, shooting, breaking and defending. It is necessary to establish the guiding ideology of comprehensive training with speed as the center, basic skills of hands and feet as the basis and shooting as the focus.

Tactics is the method of offensive and defensive confrontation in the game. Tactics are rich and restrictive, which need to be based on the actual level of middle school students, focusing on individual offensive and defensive tactical actions and basic cooperation of offensive and defensive, combined with fast break and then to the whole team. Pay attention to cultivating students' imagination and creativity, improve students' analytical and comprehensive thinking ability, and deeply understand the rules of basketball confrontation and their understanding and application.

(4) Psychological quality training: Psychological quality training is an educational process that consciously and purposefully applies certain means and methods to influence athletes to develop their psychological quality and adjust their psychological state. The methods of psychological quality training mainly include simulation training, self-suggestion (self-confidence) training, concentrated training and relaxation training. Psychological training should combine will quality, emotion and style. At the same time, we should pay attention to training athletes in major competitions or important competitions, so that they can stand the test of actual combat and cultivate good psychological quality.

(5) Intelligence training: Intelligence training is training to improve athletes' intelligence level purposefully and in a planned way during the training process. Modern basketball requires athletes to have a high level of cultural knowledge and intelligence to understand and master the rules of basketball, so as to improve the technical level of sports. At the same time, coaches are also required to absorb and apply other scientific theories for scientific training in order to improve athletes' intelligence.

Intelligence training can be carried out in many ways. Such as writing a training diary, training experience, preparing speeches at the meeting and post-match summary meeting, organizing special discussions, inviting experts to make special reports, watching games, etc. , can cultivate and develop the intelligence level of athletes.

(6) Basketball consciousness training: Basketball consciousness refers to the special function and ability of athletes to correctly reflect the rules of basketball through positive thinking in training and competition. It is a reflection of the correct psychological and physiological functions accumulated by basketball players in the long-term practical activities from the cognitive process. Basketball consciousness is the most precious "essence" of basketball players. Without basketball consciousness, it is impossible for athletes to correctly control their movements and exert their technical level in fierce confrontation.

Basketball consciousness can be gradually cultivated and strengthened by learning special basketball theory, technical and tactical practice, coach's inspiration and guidance, and athletes' continuous summary in long-term repeated practice.

Third, the middle school basketball team training plan formulation and implementation

Training plan is the basis of training work. Therefore, it is very important for the basketball team to make a feasible training plan to improve the technical level of sports. The training plan of junior high school basketball team mainly includes multi-year (three-year) training plan, academic year training plan, weekly training plan and class training plan.

1. Multi-year training plan

The junior high school stage is to make a three-year master plan. It is necessary to implement the guiding ideology of "cultivating from an early age, laying a solid foundation, systematically training and actively improving". The multi-year training plan includes the following main contents:

(1) Basic ideas and objectives of three-year training.

(2) Analysis of the basic situation of athletes' ideology, will quality, physical condition, age, physiological characteristics and basic skills.

(3) Training tasks, technical indicators and main measures in each year (school year).

(4) Competition arrangement and ranking requirements.

(5) Measure and evaluate the training level and comprehensive evaluation measures.

2 school year (including the first semester and the second semester) training plan

The school year training plan is a part of the three-year training plan, and it is the index and content of the planned, organized and systematic implementation of the three-year training plan in spare time. Its main contents include:

(1) put forward the general task of school year training.

(2) Put forward the objectives and physical technical indicators of the competition.

(3) Divide the training cycle and the tasks of each cycle.

The training of middle school basketball team can be divided into two periods according to the semester, and each semester is divided into training period, competition period or rest period.

Training period: its main task is to comprehensively develop and improve general and special physical qualities, master and improve basic technical and tactical qualities, and at the same time strengthen style cultivation and gradually form its own style.

Competition or rest period: the competition is to check the training situation, train the team, give play to the level and strive for excellent results. If there is no competition task in the semester, we should also enter the rest stage, mainly to sum up experience, eliminate fatigue and save energy so that the new semester can enter a new training stage.

(4) Check the training work and arrange the assessment time.

(5) Final training summary.

3. Weekly training plan

The weekly training plan is to implement the school year training plan every week. The main contents include: one-week training tasks and requirements; Determine the number and time of training; Training content and exercise load; Competition and exam arrangement, etc. (See Table 5-4).

4. Class training plan

The class training plan is to make a class training plan (teaching plan) according to the weekly training plan. Training class is the most basic and important organizational form in the whole school year training process. Teaching plan is the basis of good training class and the basis for evaluating training quality. The training lesson plan is basically the same as that of physical education class, which is divided into the beginning and preparation part, the basic part and the end part. The content of the lesson plan should not only clarify the specific tasks, training contents and requirements of this lesson, but also pay attention to the arrangement and selection of the form, means, practice time, intensity and density of the exercise.

Table 5-3 Example of Weekly Training Plan for a Middle School Basketball Team

Fourthly, the selection of young basketball players.

Contemporary basketball has the characteristics of high speed, high altitude advantage, superb technology and strong confrontation. Therefore, scientific material selection is an indispensable and important means of modern basketball. There are many conditions for selecting materials, but the main ones are body shape and physical quality. Table 5-5 and Table 5-6 list the height and physical quality of juvenile basketball players respectively.

The index parameters for reference when selecting materials.

Table 5-4 Height Reference Index of Young Basketball Players of Different Ages

Table 5-5 Reference Index of Physical Fitness Test for Young Basketball Players of Different Ages

Five, the guidance of the game

Competition is one of the important means to improve the training level and test the training effect.

The success or failure of basketball match is not only related to the physical condition, quality, skills, tactics and psychological factors of athletes, but also closely related to the on-the-spot guidance of coaches. The coach's competition guidance mainly includes:

(1) Pre-competition preparations

1. Understand the competition rules and do a good job of investigation and research. It is necessary to know not only the time, place, participating units, competition mode and ranking method, but also the opponent's situation, such as personnel, technology and tactical characteristics, so as to formulate the competition plan and prepare for the analysis and discussion at the meeting.

2. Make a game plan. According to the objective analysis of the opponent's situation, draw up a feasible game plan, including game strategy, attack and defense countermeasures, determine the starting lineup and substitute players, and put forward possible problems and corresponding countermeasures.

3. Hold a preparatory meeting. This is the mobilization, analysis and discussion before the game. The coach first puts forward the plan and situation analysis, and the players fully express their opinions, and finally determines the operational plan to unify their thinking and actions.

(B) coaches on-site command work

The main task of coach's on-the-spot command is to master the game, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of athletes and give play to their technical level. Pay attention to warm-up exercise before the game, and call the whole team to give a brief explanation and reminder before the game to stabilize mood and strengthen confidence. Coaches' on-the-spot guidance mainly includes the following aspects:

1. Guide to the start of the game. The opening refers to the first few minutes of the first half and the second half of the game, which is the exploratory stage of both sides. The coach should know the opponent's fighting intention and playing characteristics as soon as possible, and check whether the original game plan of his team conforms to the objective reality. If there is a big discrepancy, it should be adjusted in time to get rid of the passive situation. The quality of the start has a great influence on the overall situation, and the coach must pay attention to the start of the game.

2. The guidance of the game. The middle game means that a few minutes after the start of the first half of the game and a few minutes before the end of the second half, the two sides enter a very long stage of real strength contest. Coaches should seize every opportunity to organize storm and active defense, expand the results, and find and solve problems in time.

3. Guidance in the decisive battle stage. The final stage refers to a few minutes before the end of the game (including the final stage). The decisive battle stage is a critical moment for the two sides to compare their thoughts, will, body, skills and tactics and reserve forces. The coach should calmly grasp the situation of the game. When the score is tied or ahead, we should prevent tension and relaxation and seize the opportunity to expand the results; At a disadvantage, we should strengthen confidence, boost morale, adjust the layout in time, reorganize our strength, and strive to save the defeat.

4. guidance between classes. After the first half, let the players have a short rest. At this time, the coach should summarize the game situation in the first half in time and arrange the tasks in the second half. It is necessary to predict the possible changes of the other party's strategy in advance and put forward countermeasures.

(C) the main means of coach on-the-spot guidance

Coaches must be familiar with the rules of basketball game, strictly abide by the requirements of the rules for coaches, and make full use of the scope allowed by the rules to implement on-the-spot guidance. Coaches can generally implement on-the-spot guidance in the following ways:

1. Time-out: The coach can use the opportunity of his own time-out and the opponent's time-out to directly assign tasks to players and solve key problems in the game. Time-out can be used reasonably in the following situations: when changing tactics; Continuous mistakes; When the action is not unified; When the player is tired; When it is urgent to rearrange plans and requirements, etc. When pausing, the coach should be calm, confident, concise, resolute and decisive, and avoid complaints and accusations.

2. Substitution: Substitution is the main means for coaches to organize and use the strength of the whole team. Coaches should make use of substitution to fully mobilize the best strength of the whole team to participate in the competition. Whether the substitution is correct or not plays an important role in the competition. Generally, you can change people in the following situations: when changing tactics; The purpose or pause of training novices has been exhausted, and the coach's intention should be conveyed in time.

3. Signal contact: The coach can contact the players on the field through gestures, language or hints to remind them of their actions and tactics or adjust their positions in time.

(D) On-site guidance and training of coaches

1. comprehensiveness and stability. Coaches should observe the situation comprehensively, think seriously, grasp the key points, take their time, and remain calm in the face of danger. It is necessary to be emotionally stable, to be mindful of the overall situation, and to have the general demeanor of a military strategist who often wins or loses.

2. Agile and decisive. Coaches should observe and think about problems and make judgments quickly, and take countermeasures resolutely and decisively. There must be an ideological realm of "not seeking fame when entering, but not avoiding when retreating".

3. Keep learning and improving. In order to adapt to the development of basketball, coaches should constantly learn advanced scientific knowledge, improve training level and guide art.

(V) Post-game summary work

The process of improving basketball level is a process of training-competition-summary. Only by constantly summing up, affirming achievements, finding out existing problems, analyzing the causes of problems, proposing solutions to problems, constantly improving training methods and improving training quality can the technical and tactical level be improved. By summing up, the players learn from each other, enhance unity and make the team a United and hard-working group.