Security industry is a special industry. The World Safety Association defines the safety industry as four categories: information and communication safety, industrial safety and fire fighting, safety equipment, system integration and service. The domestic security industry is divided into intrusion detection and anti-theft alarm, video surveillance, target identification and control at entrances and exits, alarm information transmission, anti-robbery of moving targets, emergency alarm for community security and social assistance, physical protection, explosion-proof security inspection, security network and system integration, security engineering design and construction, etc. The requirements of modern society for security are getting higher and higher, and the development of security market is a process of simultaneous evolution of social concepts and product technologies.
Overview?
Before the start of the security project, the overall organization design should be carried out, including both the technical problems of the construction and the economic effects. Secondly, it is a project management document with the functions of organization, planning, guidance, coordination and control. ?
The project organization design is the guiding document for the project bidding and signing the project contract, as well as the preliminary work to guide the construction, and it is an important part of the whole project process. By compiling the project organization design, firstly, we can comprehensively consider the various construction conditions of the proposed project, reasonably arrange the construction sequence and progress, effectively use the construction site, optimize the allocation and save the use of production factors such as manpower, material resources, funds and technology, ensure quality, progress, safety and civilization, and improve economic benefits; Secondly, we can predict all kinds of situations that may occur in the construction process, and make preparations and precautions in advance.
According to practical experience, if the organizational design of the project is properly compiled, can correctly reflect the objective reality, meet the requirements of the construction unit and the design unit, and is carefully implemented in the construction process, the smooth progress of the project construction can be guaranteed, and the maximum economic effect can be achieved with the least resource consumption, and finally the project implementation can achieve the goals of fast speed, short construction period, high precision, good function, low consumption, low cost and high profit in economy.
engineering design
Engineering design preparation
1, where is the investigation?
The investigation site is very important to the engineering design, so we should correctly understand the topography and pattern of the engineering site and provide necessary basic drawings and materials for each stage of planning, design, construction and operation management.
2. Understand the needs and nature of the project?
Different projects have different design schemes, construction forms and equipment. In recent years, there are more and more kinds of subsystems in China's safety engineering, and more and more technologies are adopted for different subsystems. At the same time, system technology is constantly developing, so it is very important to choose the appropriate system technology in project design. For example, the airport is an important industry in the application of security system, and the requirements for integration are much higher than other industries, so the digital and networked security system is more in line with the requirements of airport construction. At present, China's largest Capital Airport Terminal 3 and Shanghai Pudong Airport Terminal 2 have adopted digital security monitoring systems. Another example is the bank's security project, from the previous local monitoring to the centralized monitoring of secondary branches, and gradually realize the network monitoring of the whole province and the whole country. Today, with the continuous innovation of system technology, the optional advanced technologies are also diversified, such as biometric technology, which has become a new force in security technology. With the closing of the Beijing Olympic Games, the face recognition technology, which was officially applied to Olympic security for the first time, has not only achieved great success, but also been recognized as an ideal choice to realize intelligent access control.
At present, although networking and digitalization are being valued by more and more users, there are also a large number of analog devices and systems in application. In this way, the combination of analog technology and digital technology must be considered when designing the security system.
Engineering design foundation?
When compiling security engineering design, we should strictly follow the relevant national and local intelligent building standards as the design basis. Relevant codes and standards involved are: GB/T503 14-2006 Design Standard for Intelligent Buildings, GB50339-2003 Acceptance Standard for Intelligent Building Engineering Quality, GB/T5031-2007 Design Standard for Buildings and Building Integrated Wiring Systems. T 503 12-2007 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Building and Building Complex Integrated Wiring System Engineering, GB 6510-1996 "30-1000 MHz Audio and Television Signal Cable Distribution System Main Parameter Requirements" and so on. In safety engineering, each subsystem has different specifications and standards. ?
Among national and local standards, some big cities pay more attention to local standards. After all, the geographical environment, economic situation and development trend of each city are different, just as Beijing is the cultural and political center of China and Shanghai is the embodiment of China's financial economy. According to the different characteristics of cities, the corresponding local standards will be different, but they will not deviate from the national standards. Therefore, when making the design scheme, we should consider the specific specifications of the technical defense department of the local public security bureau (technical defense office) ?
The following points should be paid attention to in the selection of scheme equipment: first, the product equipment must be practical to meet the different requirements of project characteristics and objects; Secondly, the specific regulations of the local authorities should be followed, and the products and equipment should conform to the permitted scope; Then there is the cost performance of products and equipment. We should not blindly pursue the latest and most advanced technical products, but adopt mature, stable, reliable and applicable products with certain market experience. The market is the best place to test products.
Engineering management?
When the project reaches a certain scale, the overall management of the project implementation process is particularly important. Project management can be defined as "all kinds of systematic management measures taken to ensure project quality, improve construction efficiency and ensure construction safety in all aspects of system deepening design, equipment and material procurement, equipment installation and even commissioning and acceptance." . ?
As mentioned above, the project management mechanism must face all aspects of the whole project. Based on long-term accumulated construction experience and understanding of project bidding documents, the following summarizes the key points of project management, which generally include: project management framework, project management objectives, project schedule management, engineering personnel allocation, labor force control plan, project safety and civilized management, material and finished product management, project document management, project quality management and project coordination management. The following will elaborate on the above points.
Project management structure?
Project management objectives and quality objectives: the construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the specifications and design drawings, and the first-time qualification rate of partial projects shall reach100%;
Schedule objective: ensure the completion on the contract completion date;
Safety construction objectives: strengthen safety education and improve safety measures to ensure that no major safety accidents occur;
Civilized construction goal: strict on-site management and access security system to create a safe and civilized construction site;
Environmental protection construction goal: the noise on the construction site reaches the national limit standard, and the sewage discharge and solid waste treatment on the construction site meet the requirements of the Environmental Protection Bureau. Save water, electricity and materials. Using environmentally friendly materials, indoor air quality meets national standards;
Service objective: Abide by the contract, coordinate with all parties, and accept the supervision of the owner, supervisor and relevant functional departments on project quality, safety and site management. Make overall arrangements, save funds, actively consider the owner, and effectively use the project funds.
Project management process?
Project schedule management?
According to the project schedule specified by the owner, make a detailed project schedule. From the preparation stage of the project, the schedule includes all aspects of the project, including the in-depth design of the system (construction drawing design), the system equipment order, and the project implementation (including cable laying, equipment installation, line termination, etc.). ), equipment and system debugging, system acceptance, etc. And constantly revised and improved in the subsequent implementation process to ensure the delivery of the whole project as scheduled. In the process of the project, we should constantly listen to the opinions of the owner, design institute, civil engineering unit and other subcontractors, adjust the project schedule in time to make it reasonable and feasible, and implement all the work in strict accordance with the schedule. ?
Engineering staffing?
According to the actual construction situation of this project, arrangements will be made in stages (including the increase or decrease of personnel and the matching of posts, etc.). ).
Workforce control plan?
Labor force control plan is an important factor to ensure the progress of the construction period. Factors to be considered when selecting labor force: 1. The optimization of labor quality means selecting workers with higher quality and constantly improving their comprehensive quality through training. 2, the optimization of the number of labor, that is, according to the scale of the project and the technical characteristics of the construction, according to the proportion of all types of labor, both to avoid the slowdown, and there is no shortage of people, so that the labor force can be fully utilized. 3, the optimization of labor organization form, that is, to establish a lean and efficient labor organization form to adapt to the characteristics of project construction. ?
Measures taken for labor supply:
1. Prepare the labor demand plan. Before construction, according to the construction progress, division of construction sections, professional needs and labor quota, a feasible labor demand plan shall be worked out. According to the actual progress of the project, the deputy manager in charge of production is responsible for proposing a guiding plan for the composition, quantity and time of the labor force that the professional construction teams enter or leave the project construction, and making timely adjustments to avoid the waste of labor resources.
2, before the construction team comes into play, organize all construction personnel to carry out skills training and systematic education, further improve the professional and technical level and ideological quality, and realize the importance of engineering.
3, strengthen quality awareness education, organize the study of relevant national norms, standards, procedures and local regulations. Carry out the general disclosure of construction organization design, so that the construction personnel can understand the characteristics of the project and operate skillfully and standardized; Complete the rated task with high quality, and ensure that the planned dosage meets the needs of construction and production.
4. Make necessary adjustments to the labor force and implement dynamic management to make it flow reasonably and achieve the best labor efficiency; According to the special requirements of this project, do a good job in on-site technical training to improve labor skills.
5, formulate a reasonable incentive mechanism, fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of construction personnel.
Engineering safety and civilized management?
Safe construction is the first element of successful implementation of the project. Safety must be ensured in the process of project implementation, and civilized construction is an important guarantee to improve project quality, construction efficiency and construction progress. The project unit will formulate perfect safety measures and civilized construction specifications, and strictly supervise their implementation. According to the characteristics of the project and the actual situation of the project site, safety measures and civilized construction specifications are formulated.
Material and finished product management? ?
Equipment protection measures are installed in place: first, construction personnel should establish a strong awareness of equipment protection; Secondly, on the basis of equipment installation conditions, the construction will be carried out according to the schedule requirements, which will ensure the quality of the equipment after installation; Before commissioning, the installed equipment should be covered with protective plates or protective films to minimize the hidden danger of external damage. According to the requirements of the system itself and the installation sequence of equipment, the handover signature is completed and the handover system is implemented. Assign a full-time equipment protector to work with the general contractor to protect the on-site equipment.
Protective measures for equipment not installed: Implement suitable, safe and convenient stacking places, stack them according to the requirements of equipment packaging, and designate full-time personnel to be responsible for safety work. According to the actual progress of the project, control the arrival time of the equipment, formulate the storage and receiving system after the arrival of the equipment, and recycle all kinds of construction tools and machines in time to prevent theft. For the handling of large equipment, an appropriate transportation plan should be made. Take back the uninstalled equipment after work to avoid being stolen.
Engineering document management?
Security engineering should also attach importance to engineering document management. Engineering documents include design drawings, design schemes, bills of materials, service agreements, construction changes, various confirmations, fax letters and other written materials related to engineering implementation. Keeping archives scientifically and completely can not only improve the management level and construction quality, but also record the whole process of the project completely, which is convenient for future property management. ?
In order to ensure the smooth information of general contractors, subcontractors, owners and supervisors, standardized document management is adopted in the construction management process. The main documents include: management business, construction organization schedule management, project contract management, quality management, safety management, technical drawing management, civilized construction management and all meeting records related to the project. The main meetings include: general subcontracting production meeting, general subcontracting construction coordination meeting, quality meeting, safety and civilized construction meeting, engineering subcontracting meeting, technical symposium, etc.
Engineering quality management?
Establishment of project guarantee system: according to the specific needs of the project, establish a feasible quality system, which is consistent with the current quality system of the construction unit, so that it can effectively run in all links and stages of project implementation and ensure the realization of project quality objectives. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
First of all, formulate quality policies and quality objectives. ?
Second, the reasonable distribution of quality management responsibilities, under the leadership of the project manager, the establishment of quality assurance agencies, responsible for supervising and guiding the implementation of regulations, norms and standards, participating in the preparation and examination and approval of quality assurance measures plans, construction plans and technical measures, participating in the blue prints.the design, investigating, analyzing and handling major accidents. Responsible for quality training and education and assessment of special types of work. ?
Third, the quality records produced in the process of project implementation. Such as inspection, trial operation (test) and acceptance report, project summary, design change record, etc. ?
Fourth, formulate the basis for quality inspection and evaluation. In the quality control of engineering projects, we should not only control the quality of the construction process, but also control the quality of the final product. Therefore, the basis of quality control should reflect the requirements of these two parts of quality control, focusing on the quality control of materials, accessories and equipment and the quality control of working procedures. In addition to the contract documents and design drawings, there are various special technical or other regulations. ?
Among them, the quality control basis of materials and equipment is as follows:
1, technical standards of related products.
2. Technical standards for testing, sampling and methods.
3. Technical standards for acceptance, packaging and marking of materials and equipment. When new materials are involved, there should be an authoritative technical inspection department to appraise their technical performance.
The control basis of process quality is as follows:
1, about the construction technical specification and acceptance specification, is a technical specification to ensure the quality of division, subdivisional work or a certain entity project.
2. All new processes, new technologies, new materials and new structural projects should be tested in advance, and on this basis, construction technology regulations should be formulated and necessary technical appraisal should be carried out. ?
5. Tools, techniques and methods of quality control. In the process of project implementation, quality assurance activities should reasonably use the supporting tools, technologies and methods of quality assurance activities. ?
In order to ensure the quality of engineering construction, it is necessary to select qualified materials according to the design requirements, optimize the process or work, and complete the engineering construction within a predetermined period according to a certain investment. The project quality must be guaranteed in all directions, and the project quality must be guaranteed in all directions.
As can be seen from the figure, total quality assurance depends on many links such as design, equipment, installation and safety, and the total quality assurance of the project must be controlled from the following aspects:
1. Strengthen the procurement control, inspection and acceptance of materials and equipment entering the site.
2. Strengthen the disclosure of technical scheme and construction technology.
3. Establish quality control, inspection and acceptance system.
4, strengthen the inspection and protection of concealed engineering embedded electric tube.
5. Ensure the quality of each engineering link. ?
Project coordination and management?
Multi-party coordination in the process of project implementation will be one of the main tasks of the system general contractor. Because the whole system engineering is not the responsibility of one company, this has caused many subcontractors and many equipment suppliers to supply at the same time. In order to facilitate the management of the construction site, for the sake of construction, and for the whole project to become an organic whole, the project intends to carry out various unified coordination, and the specific coordination is as follows:
1, cooperate with the owner;
2. Cooperation with design institutes;
3. Cooperation with the general contractor;
4. Cooperation with subcontractors;
5. Cooperation with the installer;
6. Cooperation with electromechanical equipment contractors;
7. Cooperation with General Contractor of Civil Engineering
8. Cooperation with industry management departments;
9. Cooperation with other professional construction units. ?
Among them, in the cooperation with the general civil contractor, according to many years of project management and construction experience, three links that must be grasped in the early stage of project installation and six stages of progress coordination in project construction are summarized.
These three links are as follows:
1. Joint review of construction drawings?
The blue prints.the design is an extremely serious and important technical work. Doing a good job of joint review of drawings plays an important role in reducing errors in construction drawings and ensuring and improving engineering quality. Before the blue prints.the design, the construction unit asks the construction unit for the construction drawing, and the professional technicians in charge of the construction read the construction drawing carefully first, get familiar with the contents and requirements of the drawing, sort out the difficult problems, record the problems existing in the drawing, and solve them in the design disclosure and blue prints.the design. The joint review of drawings shall be organized and led by the owner and design institute, with the participation of the construction unit, equipment suppliers of each subsystem and system installation contractor. The joint review shall be organized step by step and at different levels according to the project nature, drawing content, scale, importance and special requirements. The blue prints.the design work is proposed by Party A's supervisor, the project department and the construction unit, and the designers are responsible for the answers. For problems involving a wide range and the design cannot be finalized, the supervision of Party A, the project department and the construction unit shall negotiate to solve them. The results of joint review shall form a summary, which shall be signed by the design, Party A, supervision and construction, and issued as a supplementary technical document for the construction drawing.
2. Make a project schedule?
Determining the project schedule is an important measure for construction schedule management, personnel organization and ensuring the timely completion of the project. Therefore, after the project contract is signed, the owner should immediately organize the equipment suppliers, electromechanical equipment suppliers and engineering installation contractors of each subsystem to coordinate and confirm the project construction interface and form the project schedule. The main time periods of the schedule include: system design, equipment production and procurement, pipeline construction, equipment acceptance, equipment installation, system debugging, training and system acceptance. At the same time, the coordination and confirmation of engineering construction interfaces shall form minutes or interface coordination documents.
3, engineering construction technical disclosure?
Technical disclosure includes: technical disclosure with professional contractors and mechanical and electrical equipment suppliers of each subsystem, as well as technical disclosure with professional construction engineers and technical directors of engineering projects (engineering project engineers) of each company, which will be carried out at different levels. The purpose of technical disclosure is twofold: first, to clarify the characteristics, technical quality requirements, system division, construction technology, construction points and matters needing attention of the construction tasks undertaken. Second, the specific requirements of engineering technology, safety measures, construction procedures, tools preparation, etc. Everyone has a detailed explanation, so the responsibility is clear and personal.
These six stages are:
1, reserved holes and embedded pipes shall be carried out together with civil works;
2. Coordination between trunking frame construction and civil engineering;
3, system wiring and central control room layout with civil engineering and decoration engineering;
4. Positioning, installation and terminal connection of system equipment;
5. The debugging of the system can basically be carried out after the installation of the central control equipment; The debugging steps are: central control equipment → field controller → terminal equipment terminated in different areas → program demonstration → partial opening → full opening.
6. System acceptance. The acceptance of the whole project is based on the successful debugging of each subsystem. After the completion of the whole system acceptance document and the normal operation of the system, the system acceptance can be carried out, or before the whole system acceptance, the engineering acceptance of each subsystem can be carried out separately.
President of Xipai Electronics -PA "Top Ten Famous Brand Security Enterprises in China"