The outstanding safety problems in the construction of water conservancy projects make standardizing safe production and enhancing the safety of people's lives and property an important prerequisite and guarantee for the sustainable development of water conservancy construction industry and national economy. If a safety accident occurs in the process of water conservancy project construction, it will not only endanger the national economic construction, but also seriously endanger the safety of people's lives and property, increase the operating cost of water conservancy project construction units and cause huge economic losses. Therefore, based on the present situation of safety management of water conservancy project construction, the effective measures to strengthen safety management of water conservancy project construction are analyzed and put forward.
1 Brief introduction to the characteristics of water conservancy project construction
First, in the construction process of water conservancy projects, there are not only high requirements for their stability, but also corresponding compression resistance, impermeability and crack resistance, and they also undertake many tasks such as water retaining, water storage and drainage. Secondly, the foundation of water conservancy projects has special requirements, and it is generally required to be built in areas with complex geological conditions, poor foundation conditions and complex groundwater. Therefore, the construction methods and technologies of foundation treatment with strong pertinence are usually included in the construction plan as construction measures; Thirdly, most water conservancy projects are built in areas with sufficient water resources, such as rivers, lakes and coastal areas, to meet the demand of natural water resources for water conservancy projects, which determines that construction diversion, construction closure and underwater operation should be realized according to natural water conditions during construction; Fourth, water conservancy projects are limited by climate, and the construction is seasonal. Even some water conservancy projects have to spend the flood season during construction, and the progress requirements are high, so corresponding temperature control measures are generally taken during construction; Fifth, water conservancy projects are closely related to people's lives, so their construction is closely related to social environment, so it is extremely important to arrange construction time nodes and construction organizations reasonably.
2 Water conservancy project construction safety hazards and safety management status
2. 1 construction safety hazards
2. 1.65438+ In addition, due to the large scale of water conservancy projects, many water conservancy projects are constructed in an "open" state, which makes the construction equipment and construction personnel of water conservancy projects frequently appear on the construction site, leading to an increase in security risks. 2. 1.2 The obvious characteristics of water conservancy project construction include high stability, high bearing capacity, anti-seepage and anti-cracking, as well as high foundation requirements, high climate requirements and high social environment requirements, which make the water conservancy project involve a wide range and many objects, resulting in high technical requirements, increased construction difficulty and ultimately increased safety risks. 2. 1.3 As the main force of water conservancy project construction, the safety hazards caused by the quality factors of construction personnel play a decisive role in the quality and safety factors of water conservancy project construction, that is, the professional quality of construction personnel is high, but most of the construction personnel in the actual water conservancy project construction process are migrant workers, without professional construction technology training and construction safety education. In water conservancy project construction, many construction personnel lack knowledge and awareness of safety precautions, which leads to the difficulty of safety management and the increase of construction safety hazards.
2.2 Status of Construction Safety Management
2.2. 1 The idea of safe production in water conservancy projects is not well understood. Some water conservancy construction units have not yet realized the importance of safe production. The construction concept of "people-oriented, safe development" was not established when the construction personnel were trained in professional construction technology, which led to many construction personnel's awareness of safe construction not being well cultivated. 2.2.2 Failing to put the responsibility for safe production of water conservancy projects in the first place and failing to implement the responsibility for safe production of water conservancy projects; Second, the post safety responsibility of employees has not been implemented; Third, the professional supervision responsibility of project supervision has not been implemented. 2.2.3 Failing to build the safety production capacity of water conservancy projects. First, the investment in safety production of water conservancy projects is not enough, and the construction safety education is not organized and implemented according to the specified requirements, and the corresponding safety facilities are not maintained, maintained and updated in a timely and standardized manner; Second, some water conservancy project construction units did not take effective measures to strengthen the construction of safety production capacity of water conservancy project construction units according to the needs of construction safety. 2.2.4 The basic work of safety production management of water conservancy projects is not perfect. Many production and business units of water conservancy projects are still in the initial stage, and many safety production standards of water conservancy projects have not been completed, even if they are completed, they are still not perfect, and there is an imbalance in safety production management, so the safety thinking of construction managers needs to be improved. 2.2.5 The investigation of potential safety hazards in water conservancy projects is not thorough, and the rectification is not in place. First, the execution of safety inspection projects arranged by the State Council needs to be improved, because some units replace special inspections with daily inspections. Secondly, the hidden dangers in key parts and links of water conservancy construction projects are not thoroughly investigated, such as central caverns, high slopes, foundation pits, vehicle transportation operations, temporary facilities, explosive warehouses and oil depots.
3 several effective measures to strengthen the safety management of water conservancy project construction
3. 1 Strengthen safety supervision and implement safety production responsibilities.
First, the water administrative departments at all levels should, in accordance with the relevant construction requirements of the water conservancy department, build a safety production supervision system for water conservancy projects, strengthen the safety supervision team of water conservancy projects, further standardize the supervision behavior and improve the supervision level; Second, the supervision unit should constantly explore the law of safety supervision of water conservancy projects, and realize the construction of a safety supervision system with functions such as situation analysis, safety liaison, publicity of major hazard sources, rectification and tracking, accountability for potential safety hazards, and safety production assessment. Third, water conservancy project construction units should keep pace with the times, learn and make full use of modern high-tech to supervise and manage the whole process of water conservancy project construction, and improve the level of construction safety management, such as using network technology to supervise the implementation of rectification measures, construction personnel holding certificates for inspection, safety production credit verification, and the implementation of safety production laws, regulations and standards of construction units. Fourth, water conservancy project construction units and supervision units should actively encourage safety supervisors to participate in safety production training activities and assessment activities, carry out safety construction technology and common sense training activities, realize the continuous improvement of professional work ability of safety supervisors, urge safety supervisors to innovate their own supervision methods, and then improve the safety management level of water conservancy project construction; Fifth, the relevant state supervisory departments and administrative departments should severely crack down on and rectify the illegal construction of the water conservancy industry, and severely punish illegal command, illegal operation and violation of labor discipline.
3.2 Implement an effective safety management system to improve the management level of production safety.
3.2. 1 First, implement the national safety management system related to water conservancy projects, formulate targeted safety production guarantee measures for water conservancy projects according to the relevant requirements of construction safety of water conservancy projects, and put the plan on record; Thirdly, the water conservancy project design unit should design and construct according to the relevant survey results, and hand over the designed construction documents, construction drawings and construction instructions to the construction unit in time, so as to facilitate the construction unit to carry out standardized water conservancy project construction in time and reduce the hidden dangers of water conservancy project construction; Fourth, the relevant state departments and water conservancy construction units should regularly carry out strict inspection and verification of the safety production system of water conservancy construction units; Fifth, the construction unit with the qualification grade of water conservancy project construction should actively undertake the demolition and blasting project that appears in the process of water conservancy project construction; Sixth, before the construction of water conservancy projects, we should implement various safety measures and comprehensively arrange the construction safety system. At the same time, the main responsibility of safety production of water conservancy project construction units should be clearly defined to each post and person in charge. 3.2.2 First, do a good job in the safety production management of key links of water conservancy project construction units, and establish corresponding safety production management system, production management system and responsibility system according to the actual safety construction of water conservancy projects; Second, the water conservancy project construction unit should update the construction safety protection tools, protective equipment and protective facilities in time, and plan to use the corresponding construction costs; Thirdly, water conservancy project construction units should actively set up full-time safety management personnel to realize the effective development of safety management activities; Fourthly, it is necessary to carry out safety production training and assessment for construction personnel and project management personnel; Fifth, it is necessary to strengthen the routine inspection of safety production within the construction unit, rectify the hidden dangers of accidents, and then register, publicize, monitor and manage the major hidden dangers arising from the inspection and rectification; Sixth, when formulating safety production rules and regulations, water conservancy project construction units must make clear the operating rules, training and education plans and safety fund investment methods, and incorporate them into the rules and regulations one by one; Seventh, personnel engaged in special operations such as vertical transportation machinery operations, installation and disassembly operations, blasting operations, signal lifting operations, and climbing erection operations must receive special safety operation training in accordance with relevant state regulations and obtain special operation qualification certificates.
3.3 Water conservancy project construction supervision units should do a good job in safety production management of key links.
First, the supervision unit should construct and implement the responsibility system for safe production according to the actual situation of the construction site of water conservancy projects; Second, supervision units should carry out supervision work in strict accordance with relevant national laws and regulations and engineering construction standards; Third, the supervision unit should strictly review, supervise and implement the safety technical measures design and construction scheme of the water conservancy project design unit before construction; Fourth, in the process of implementing the production safety accident reporting system, if the supervision unit finds that there are hidden dangers of production safety accidents in water conservancy projects, it immediately requires the construction unit of water conservancy projects to rectify the construction scheme with hidden dangers; Fifth, for water conservancy projects with serious construction safety hazards, the supervision unit should immediately ask the water conservancy project construction unit to stop construction and report the construction hazards to the water supply administrative department and the construction unit in time.
4 conclusion
To sum up, water conservancy project construction is very different from other projects. Water conservancy project construction requires not only stability, but also pressure bearing, seepage prevention and crack resistance, which determines that water conservancy project construction is a process with high technical requirements, long construction period and high risk coefficient. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in the safety management of water conservancy project construction, ensure the safety of water conservancy project construction, and then improve the quality, economic benefits and social benefits of water conservancy project.
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