Structural design is to design the structural structure of a building. First of all, of course, there must be a construction drawing, and we must really understand the construction drawing, understand the architect's design intention and the functions and practices of various parts of the building. Architecture is a complex object, involving a wide range. Therefore, as a structural engineer, it is necessary to consult with various professions such as architecture, water and electricity, heating and ventilation, air conditioning, etc., and investigate and understand the indicators of various professions. After understanding the architectural drawings, as a structural engineer, you should have a general understanding of the selection and basic framework of the whole structure at this time. When structural engineers have a certain understanding of the whole building, they can consider modeling. Modeling is to use software to reproduce the idea of architecture on the computer, and then make appropriate adjustments by using the computing function of the software to make it conform to the current norms and meet the needs of all aspects. At present, there are many softwares for structural design, and PKPM is commonly used. The specific operation of the software is not described here. If you are interested, you can have a look at the operating instructions of each software (so thick that you will go bankrupt if you buy it). Every software is similar. First, we need to build a grid. It's simple. Anyway, the grid has been set in the building, just enter it, then determine the column section and arrange the columns.

It takes some experience to determine the size of column section. As a novice, there must be nothing at first. Pick any one and adjust it slowly. Column layout also requires architects to have a certain structural concept of the rationality of the whole building. The rationality of column layout plays a decisive role in the safety and cost of the whole building ... but the architect has basically laid out the column network in the architectural drawing. As structural engineers, we only need to study whether the laid column network is reasonable. At the right time, we need to suggest that buildings change the column network. When the column network is laid, the beam section and the arrangement of primary and secondary beams are relatively easy to determine. Considering that the span of the main beam is from 1/8 to112, the secondary beam can be relatively large, and the heights of the primary and secondary beams should be different. This specification. The arrangement of primary and secondary beams is a science, which also involves safety and cost. The general principle requires that the force is transmitted clearly, the secondary beam is transmitted to the main beam, and the main beam is transmitted to the column, so that the stress of each part is uniform. Also, according to the different functions of each part of the building, consider the layout of the beam and the determination of the beam height (for example, if a house is built with a beam in the middle of the room, the original floor is only 3 meters, and if a beam is removed by several tens of centimeters, it will be strange for the owner not to scold it ...). After the beam is laid, it will be basically divided into plates. Of course, the cantilever slab is not available yet, and it needs to be added later ... After the beams and columns are arranged, input basic parameters, such as concrete strength, height, thickness, protective layers of each standard layer, etc. This software has different settings, but the input principle is strictly in accordance with the specification. When the whole three-dimensional wireframe structure is completed, it is necessary to add loads and set various parameters, such as the stress mode of the plate, the position and load of the cantilever plate, etc. At this time, the molding can be basically completed. Let's generate a three-dimensional wireframe to see the effect, which can vividly show the fictional framework originally in the architect's mind.