In recent years, hydropower generation, as a clean and environmentally friendly way of electric energy production, has been paid more and more attention, which puts forward higher requirements for the operation of hydropower stations. However, at present, some hydropower stations in China have problems such as low efficiency and unstable operation. Strengthening the application of electrical engineering automation technology in hydropower stations can effectively solve these problems, improve the automatic production and management level of hydropower stations, and improve the production efficiency of hydropower stations, thus providing a basis for China's modernization and sustainable development strategy.
1 significance of application of electrical engineering automation technology in hydropower station
1. 1 Improve the reliability of hydropower stations.
The application of electrical engineering automation technology in hydropower station can monitor the working state of equipment in real time and accurately, and form a monitoring log. If there is a problem in one of the equipment or links, the system will automatically give an early warning, and even clarify the location and cause of the fault, so as to deal with the fault in time and quickly and improve the reliability of hydropower station operation. At the same time, the implementation of automatic monitoring can effectively prevent and reduce the damage caused by human operation errors to the equipment.
1.2 to ensure the power quality of hydropower station
The stability of voltage and power frequency is the main criterion to measure the power quality of hydropower station, which is affected by reactive power and active power respectively. Due to the instability of power grid load state, it will have a certain impact on power quality. Therefore, the generator set can be automatically adjusted by automation technology, so that the voltage and power frequency are always at a reasonable level and the power quality is guaranteed.
1.3 improving the economy of hydropower station operation
The application of electrical engineering automation technology in hydropower station can analyze the load of hydropower station and the number of operating units, so as to make reasonable dispatch and ensure the maximum benefit with the minimum investment. If we rely solely on manual operation, it is not conducive to the economy of hydropower station operation.
1.4 Improving the production efficiency of hydropower stations
Generally speaking, hydropower stations are mostly located in remote areas, and the working environment of the staff is relatively poor. With the application of electrical automation technology, part of the work is completed by various automation devices according to certain procedures, which reduces the workload of staff, reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency of hydropower stations.
2 Functions that can be realized by applying electrical engineering automation technology to hydropower stations
After the electrical engineering automation technology is applied to the hydropower station, it can realize the following functions: (1) Automatic control of the operation of the hydro-generator set, such as automatic on-off of the automatic equipment of the generator set and phase modulation power generation, which makes it possible to generate electricity independently. At the same time, it can realize the high efficiency of the power station, that is, the hydropower system tends to be comprehensive and intelligent, and the corresponding instructions can be set according to the actual situation to ensure that the load borne by the units is always limited in a reasonable range and evenly distributed among the units. In addition, the automatic system can automatically replace the unit according to the actual load demand, so that the invalid work is minimized and the effective work is increased to the highest. In case of flood or emergency, the system can decide whether to transfer the standby units or disconnect some operating units according to the actual situation. (2) Monitor the operation status of the hydro-generator set and its auxiliary equipment to coordinate the operation status of the equipment. It mainly monitors stator bearings, rotor bearings, hydraulic tunnels, water turbine inlet valves, unit lubrication system, cooling system, speed control system and water diversion equipment. , in order to obtain the operating parameters of various auxiliary equipment. If any of these links is abnormal, the system will give a warning or emergency treatment quickly [1]. (3) Realize the automatic control of various auxiliary equipment such as water pump, oil pump and air compressor. In case of emergency, the system will automatically enable the standby device. (4) Intelligent control of electrical equipment of the system is realized, which mainly detects the operation of transmission lines, transformers and buses, and carries out effective protection and control management according to their operation. (5) Control and monitor the operation status of hydraulic structures: mainly monitor the working status of gates, whether the trash rack is blocked and the water level, and take reasonable measures to effectively protect the diversion pressure pipeline.
3 the specific application of electrical engineering automation technology in hydropower stations
3. 1 Application of automatic monitoring technology in hydropower station
Automatic monitoring technology can be used to monitor all kinds of equipment and facilities of hydropower stations. At present, centralized monitoring mode, remote monitoring mode and bus monitoring mode are mainly adopted. Centralized monitoring mode means that all equipment and functions of hydropower station are concentrated on the same processor, with the advantage of low cost. The disadvantage is that the performance of the processor is very high, and because of the high concentration, the processing speed of the processor will be greatly reduced, which will greatly reduce the actual monitoring utility. In addition, this monitoring mode requires multiple cables, and if the cables are damaged, it is easy to have security risks, which greatly reduces the reliability of the automation system. Remote monitoring mode is widely used in hydropower stations in China, which is realized by unified operation of multiple CPUs. This monitoring method can prevent the failure of a certain place from affecting the operation of the whole system, and can reduce the use of cables and reduce costs. But because it adopts CAN bus design, it will affect the communication speed of the system. Fieldbus monitoring mode is to monitor the operation of hydropower station with the help of computer network technologies such as LAN, Ethernet and Fieldbus, which has the advantages of low cost, small communication volume and relatively independent equipment, and can improve the reliability of the system [2].
3.2 Application of Programmable Controller in Hydropower Station
The application of programmable controller in hydropower station is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: (1) the application of PLC in the governor of axial-flow turbine: At present, the axial-flow turbine is mainly used in power generation of medium and low-head hydropower stations in China, but the head and water level of the turbine are changing dynamically, which may have a certain gap with the fixed parameters of the equipment, resulting in the generator set not operating in the best state. Therefore, programmable controller (PLC) can be used for speed adjustment. According to the different water heads, upstream and downstream water levels, manual blades and guide vanes in the operation of the generator set, after obtaining the optimal coupling curve, the original coupling curve can be modified with the help of PLC to ensure the operation of the generator set in the optimal state. (2) (2) Application of PLC in the governor of reservoir-type power station: The head of reservoir-type power station changes greatly, and it is difficult for the hydraulic governor of turbine to ensure the unit to rotate in rated state. Programmable controller can effectively solve this problem, and it can modify the head height through program modification to ensure the unit running in rated state [3].
3.3 Application of Automatic Control System in Oil, Gas and Water System
In the early stage of hydropower station construction, production and operation basically need manual operation control, and human resources investment is large. After the introduction of automation technology, the automatic control of oil, gas and water system can be realized, the potential risks brought by manual operation can be reduced, and the safety of oil, gas and water control system can be greatly improved. Electrical engineering automation system can improve the rationality and accuracy of oil, gas and water control parameters, automatically detect and control abnormal conditions, close the operation of switching equipment, improve the safety of standby pipelines, and appropriately extend the service life of oil pumps.
With the deepening of China's energy structure adjustment, more and more attention has been paid to the development and utilization of water resources. The application of electrical engineering automation technology to the modernization of hydropower stations is of great significance to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of hydropower stations, thus providing a strong hydropower energy guarantee for China's socialist modernization. Therefore, hydropower stations should improve their understanding of electrical automation, actively introduce electrical automation technology, give full play to the advantages of electrical automation technology, and promote the automation level of hydropower stations, thus improving the power generation efficiency of hydropower stations and promoting the transformation and upgrading of hydropower stations. At the same time, the hydropower station should strengthen the construction of talent team, regularly train the actual operators, make them master the skilled operation level of electrical automation, and make a good assessment to ensure the smooth operation and maintenance of the automation system and effectively reduce and avoid the failures of various electrical automation devices.
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