Consolidation period (early 20th century to 1950s):

(2) the formation of the school: mainly

① Nordic School: characterized by paying attention to the analysis of community structure. Representative: G.E.Du Rietz

(2) Farui school: pay attention to the ecological appearance of the community and emphasize the role of characteristic species. The representative figure is J. blaum-Blanquer.

③ Anglo-American School: characterized by dynamics and quantitative ecology. The representatives are clements and Tansley.

④ Russian school (former Soviet school): the combination of plants (communities) and geosciences. Representative: B.H.Cykayeb