Bryophytes belong to lower higher plants. Plants have no flowers and seeds and reproduce with spores. It can be used as an indicator plant for monitoring air pollution.

There is no consensus on the origin of bryophytes. Some people think that they originated from green algae because they contain the same photosynthetic pigments. The same storage starch; Sperm have two terminal flagella of equal length; The protonema formed during spore germination is also very similar to filamentous algae; The structure of oocysts and seminal vesicles of green algae can be compared with that of archegonium and seminal vesicles of bryophytes.