Song Ying Xing
Knowledgeable and diligent in writing.
Song Yingxing (A.D. 1587—— about 1666) was a native of Fengxin Beixiang (now Songbu Township). Song surname is the most popular surname in the local area. Song's great-grandfather was very virtuous, and he was named Southern Tang Dynasty. Successive Nanjing secretariat, Nanjing secretariat, Nanjing secretariat, Zuodu Duchayuan secretariat, had a great influence on future generations of the Song Dynasty. Song Chengqing, the third son of my grandfather Song Jing, died young. Father Song, whose real name is Rurun, is a giant Sichuan native and a little orphan. He was brought up by his mother Gu and his uncle Song Heqing. He has not been an official for forty years. Song has four sons, and Song is the third. Ying Ding and his brother were both born to the same mother, Wei Shi. When Song was born, the Song family was declining, and his mother was a farmer's daughter, so he was easy to get close to agricultural production and the masses from an early age.
Fengxin is located in Nanchang area. In the Ming dynasty, the style of writing here was very prosperous, and many celebrities were produced. When Song was young, he and his eldest brother Song Yingsheng studied in a family school founded by his uncle. At the age of seven, he studied under the imperial clan uncle Song Guozuo, and soon he studied under the new juren Deng Conscience. At the age of sixteen, he was admitted to the county school and went to the countryside for nine years. He was smart and eager to learn since he was a child, and his academic performance surprised the teachers. Song Shiyuan, his nephew, said in "Chang Chuan": "The public is less clever, and the eyebrows are pressed. How old can you rhyme?" And mix the arts to shock the elders. " Song was familiar with classics and hundreds of books when he was young. He has an in-depth study of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and can think independently. He particularly emphasized Zhang Zai's Guan Xue, from which he accepted the materialistic view of nature. At the same time, he is very interested in natural science and technology. He has read Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica and other books. He also likes music and art, and is especially concerned about current affairs and politics, and has the ideal of benefiting the country and the people. He often talks about world affairs with his classmates and friends.
In the 43rd year of Wanli (A.D. 16 15), Song and his younger brother Song Yingsheng went to Nanchang, the provincial capital, to take the rural entrance examination for compulsory courses, and won the third place as a juror. His brother ranked sixth, and only his brother was selected among the students in the county, so he was called "Fengxin Second Song Dynasty". When I arrived in the capital in autumn, it should be the second year's exam, but I failed. In order to prepare for the second interview, they went to the famous Bailudong Academy in Jiujiang Prefecture for further study and joined Shu, the owner of the cave. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli (A.D. 16 19), he went to Beijing to take the exam again, but he still fell into Sun Shan. After that, I took the exam again in the early years of Apocalypse and Chongzhen. As a result, he didn't pass the exam and didn't think about the imperial examination. In the fourth year of Chongzhen (A.D. 163 1), Song Yingsheng was elected as the magistrate of Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province by the official department, and Song returned to his hometown to serve his mother. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (A.D. 1635), after her mother was taken to Zhejiang by her brother Song Yingsheng, Song became a teacher of the government, mainly teaching students in the county town. After four years in office, he has achieved excellent educational achievements, which has made the local "scholar-style" flourish. More importantly, he has enough spare time to write, and most of his major works were completed at this time.
In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (AD 1638), Song ranked first in the appraisal, and was soon promoted to be an official of Tingzhou Prefecture (now Changting) in Fujian Province, in charge of a prison, commonly known as the punishment hall, also known as the general manager. Before his term of office expired, he resigned in the 13th year of Chongzhen (AD 1640). In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, he was appointed as the state capital of Fengyang Prefecture in Nanli Zhili. At this time, it was the eve of the demise of the Ming Dynasty. After he came to power, the country was destroyed by war and there was no place to go to worship. Most officials have left. After several efforts to rebuild, he made it take shape and donated money to set up a college in the city. At the beginning of the following year (A.D. 1644), Bozhou was surrounded by the peasant army in Li Zicheng, and Song abandoned the official to return to Fengxin. Song Yingsheng had already been promoted to the position of magistrate in guangzhou fu, but he had no intention of falling in love with officials after Shen Jia and finally returned to his hometown. Their brothers and other Jiangxi people pinned their hopes on the regime of the axe king in the Southern Ming Dynasty, but this regime was dominated by eunuchs Ruan Dacheng and Ma Shiying, excluding Zhongliang, and soon perished under the iron hoof of the Qing Dynasty. Song Yingsheng died on 1646 when the Qing soldiers attacked Jiangxi. After Song buried his brother, he lived in seclusion in the Qing Palace and spent his old age in poverty and resentment. He died in the fifth year of Kangxi (1666) at the age of 80. There are only two sons left, the eldest son Song was born quietly, and the second son was born sincerely. Both of them are literary talents and are called "Shuangyu". Song Yingxing taught his descendants before his death, one is not to take the imperial examination, and the other is not to be an official. All future generations can serve this heritage and study at home.
Song Ying Xing lived in the late Ming Dynasty. He witnessed the dark phenomenon of many drawbacks in officialdom, and finally left the official career of imperial examination and turned to practical learning, especially the production technology of agriculture and handicrafts. He has conducted many years' investigation and extensive social investigation. All these have prepared him for writing Heavenly Creations in the future. Although he didn't gain the fame of a scholar through arduous trekking in Wan Li, he gained extremely precious scientific and social knowledge, and his thoughts became more radical, becoming a representative of the enlightenment trend of thought that criticized the old academic tradition. He is an encyclopedic scholar. He has a lot of knowledge and writings during his college years. His works can be divided into four categories: First, those belonging to natural science and technical science are Heavenly Creations (1637), Viewing Images (1637), Music (1637) and On Qi (/kloc-0). Second, the humanities include Ye Yi (1636), Huayin Reformed (1636), essays, Chunqiu Rongdijie (1644) and so on. 3. Consumption (1637) and ten words in between (1637); Fourthly, there are Poems of Sorrow (1636) and Notes on Romance (1645) which belong to literary creation. Most of them were formed in the late Ming or Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because of their strong anti-Qing thoughts, they were not allowed by the Qing rulers. Most of the works have been lost, and there are five kinds of works left so far: Heavenly Creations, Wild Theory, Poems on Huai, On Qi and Talking about Heaven.
Tiangong Wu Kai popularization of science everyone
Heavenly Creations is the most important masterpiece of Song Ying Xing. The tenth year of Chongzhen (AD 1637) was funded by a friend Tu Shaozhuo (word Boju), and the first edition was published in Nanchang House. The book has 18 articles in three volumes, covering the technology and experience of 30 production departments of ancient agriculture and handicrafts in China, covering almost all social production fields. According to the principle of "emphasizing grain over jade", the preface puts agriculture related to food and clothing in the first place, related industries in the second place, and pearls and jade after the throne, which reflects the author's idea of attaching importance to agriculture, heavy industry and practical learning.
There are more than six articles related to agriculture in the first volume. Neri mainly discussed the planting, cultivation techniques and production tools of rice, wheat, millet, millet, sorghum, millet, hemp and soybean, including all kinds of irrigation machinery, and introduced the rice cultivation techniques in Jiangnan area represented by Jiangxi. Naifu includes sericulture, silk reeling, cotton spinning, hemp spinning, wool spinning and other production technologies, as well as tools and equipment, especially focusing on the advanced technologies of sericulture, silk spinning and cotton spinning in Jiaxing and Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, and drawing the structural diagram of large jacquard machines. "Zhang Shi" introduces plant dyes and dyeing techniques, emphasizing the process of indigo planting and extraction, and the process of extracting dyes from safflower, as well as the color matching and mordant dyeing methods of various colors. "Essence" describes crop processing technologies such as rice and wheat harvesting, threshing and milling, with emphasis on windmills, water hammers, stone mills, soil hammers, wood hammers and milling and milling. Salt Making discusses the origin and salt making technology of sea salt, pool salt and well salt, especially in sea salt and well salt. Ganyin describes the techniques and tools of sugarcane planting, sugar pressing and sugar making, as well as honey and maltose. Each narrative has its main points and sub-points, focusing on selecting important products and highlighting the production technology in advanced areas.
There are seven volumes in the book, mostly handicraft technology. "Yan Tao" describes the manufacture and tools of bricks and tiles used in building construction and ceramics used in daily life (especially white porcelain and celadon), focusing on the process of producing civil white porcelain in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, from raw material preparation, blank making, glazing to kiln sintering. Smelting and Casting is the most detailed record of the traditional casting technology in China, focusing on the casting technology and equipment of copper bell, iron pot and copper coin, including three basic methods: lost wax, full mold and dieless casting. Ships and cars are dedicated to transportation. Firstly, the structural components and materials of various ships and vehicles are represented by data, and the driving modes of various ships and vehicles are also explained. See "Cao Boat", a grain carrier on the Grand Canal. "Hammer Forging" systematically discusses the forging technology of iron and bronze, ranging from an iron anchor of 10,000 kilograms to a slender embroidery needle, various production tools such as axe, chisel, hoe and saw, as well as metal processing technologies such as welding and metal heat treatment. Calcined Stone involves technologies such as burning lime, coal, ettringite, sulfur and arsenic, and discusses the classification, mining and underground safety operation of coal. "Ointment" introduces the oil yield, properties and uses of sixteen oil crops, as well as the technologies and tools for extracting oil by pressing and replacing oil with water. The method of making bark oil and the technology of making candles with oil are also discussed. "Killing green" discusses the types, raw materials and uses of paper, and discusses in detail the complete set of technology and equipment for making bamboo paper and leather paper. The production operation diagram provided is particularly precious.
There are five articles in the second volume, which also belong to the industry. The hardware discusses the mining, washing, smelting and separation technologies of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead and zinc, as well as the smelting of steel and various copper alloys. The attached production flow chart is very rare. Many inventions of China are recorded, such as using coal to make iron, blowing with piston bellows, directly frying pig iron into mature iron, and melting pig iron and mature iron into steel. "Jia Bing" involves cold weapons such as bows and arrows, crossbows and guns, as well as the manufacturing technology of gunpowder and firearms, including guns, mines, mines, birdguns and ten thousand enemies (rotating rockets). "Danqing" mainly describes the technology of making ink from pine smoke and oil fume and making cinnabar (mercury sulfide) from pigment. These products are used for research. Qumei describes the raw materials, proportion, production technology and product use of distiller's yeast, medicated leaven and Qu Dan (red yeast), among which red yeast has special properties and is a new product after the Song Dynasty. "Zhuyu" describes pearl mining in the South China Sea and jade mining in Hotan, Xinjiang. It also talks about the methods and processing techniques of underground gem mining, including agate, crystal and glass.
In addition to the text narration, the book is accompanied by 123 illustrations, which are vivid and true, and are accompanied by explanations, showing the relevant production processes of industry and agriculture. Most of the contents in the book are information from field investigations in the north and south.
While describing each production process, Song also developed the research method of "exhaustive experiment". He criticized all kinds of superstitions, monsters and absurd old theories, such as alchemy, and injected new scientific spirit into the field of science and technology. This is the biggest feature of the book "Heavenly Creations", which is refreshing.
The value of Heavenly Creations lies in its description of many advanced scientific and technological achievements in industrial and agricultural production. The book quantifies technical data, reveals advanced scientific ideas and theoretical explanations, and focuses on introducing theoretical concepts rather than purely technical descriptions. In agriculture, Neri pointed out that rice should be pulled up and sown 30 days after seedling raising, and 25 acres of paddy field can be transplanted, that is, the ratio of paddy field to Honda is 1: 25. It is also said that upland rice eats three buckets of water and late rice eats five buckets of water. If it loses moisture, it will dry up. These technical data have a guiding role in agricultural production and are the theoretical basis for seedling raising, transplanting and irrigation, which have never been mentioned in previous agricultural books. It is pointed out that "the soil vein changes at any time, and the species follows the soil moisture", thus the relationship between crops and the environment and the influence of external environmental changes on the variation of crop species are discussed. It is mentioned that drought-resistant upland rice can be cultivated by artificial selection, and advanced technological achievements such as dressing seeds with arsenic as pesticide and neutralizing acid soil with lime are introduced. According to Ganxi, planting sugarcane by transplanting rice seedlings is a new technology. The water land in Jiangxi described in Essence uses hydraulic power as energy to drive the water wheel to rotate, and drives all parts through vertical shafts, and at the same time realizes three mechanical functions of irrigation, grain threshing and grinding. It is an advanced agricultural machinery in the world in the17th century. Neve introduced the variation of silkworm, which is almost the same as that described by British biologist Darwin in the19th century. In addition, it is suggested that hybrid silkworms with the advantages of their parents can be cultivated by artificially crossing one-sex silkworms with two-sex silkworms, yellow silkworms with white silkworms; It is in line with scientific principles that healthy silkworms can develop smoothly by killing diseased silkworms through silkworm bath. In industry, the iron smelting furnace and the iron frying furnace described in Hardware can be used in series to complete the continuous production process of smelting mature iron directly from pig iron. The principle of improved equipment for refining pig iron into steel has become the ancestor of modern Martin furnace. When comparing the weights of gold, silver and copper per unit volume, the concept of specific gravity has been established. The discussion on the smelting process of metallic zinc ("Japanese lead") is the earliest clear and detailed literature record in the world. It is of worldwide guiding significance to explore the smelting of alloy brass with different properties with different proportions of copper and zinc. "Burned Stone" is about shaft mining, the technology of installing giant bamboo pipes underground to exhaust gas and roadway support, and the safe operation measures when burning gangue, all of which are commendable. Song named Heavenly Creations as Heavenly Creations, which actually embodied one of his universal scientific thoughts, that is, Heavenly Creations. This idea emphasizes the complementarity between nature and human beings, the coordination between natural behavior and human activities, and the development of products from natural resources through technology to meet people's material and spiritual needs, so that people can show and play their subjective initiative in front of nature. "Ointment" pointed out that "the vegetation is solid and contains ointment (grease), so it cannot flow by itself. The fake medium is fire and water, and the wood [squeezing] stone [grinding] is used and then poured out. " This just reflects the connotation of the thought of "Heaven". In short, the core of this idea is to create everything with nature, or to develop products from nature through the coordination of natural forces and manpower. Japanese scholar Dr. Sanzhi Yin Bo (1892- 1963) wrote when explaining the idea of heavenly creation: "Heaven is a behavior corresponding to human behavior, and creation artificially processes all kinds of things contained in nature according to the interests of human survival. I'm afraid there is no work with this title in European technical books. Technology is indeed the product of the coordination between nature and human beings, and it is a bridge between human beings and nature. Only when you have a good understanding of technology can you know how to open things manually while using nature. " This unique scientific thought of China became the guiding ideology of the book. The so-called technology, in Song's view, is the organic combination of method, technique and instrument, that is, the combination of process operation method, production workers' operation skills and tools and equipment. Only by using technology to act on nature can people realize the process of opening things up. The book "Heavenly Creations" systematically and comprehensively summarizes the production technology of traditional Chinese agriculture and handicrafts, and is the first in style. Its scope is wide enough to rival the technical classic Metal written by agricola in the Western Renaissance (De re Metallica, A.D. 1556). After the first edition was published, the second edition was published by Fujian bookseller Yang (1604- 168 1) in the early Qing Dynasty, and then by The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books (1725) and The General Examination of Time (1738) It appeared in Osaka in A.D. 177 1 and was carved. Since then, it has been widely valued and quoted in the Edo period (A.D. 1608- 1868). Song's thought of nature stimulated the rise of "chemistry" in Japan. In the 20th century, this book was translated into modern Japanese, and it still sells well today.
This book spread to North Korea in the18th century and became a reference book for scholars in the late Li Dynasty. Stanislav Julian (,1799- 1873), a professor at the French Academy, translated into French and then into English and German. The part about sericulture in Neve has also been translated into Italian and Russian. Darwin read this part and quoted it, calling it an "authoritative work". 1869, translated French abstracts of various articles on industry were included in the book "Ancient and Modern Industries in China" and published in Paris. By 1964, the first four articles on agriculture were translated into German, and the whole book was translated into English at 1966 and published in the United States. This book has become a world-famous scientific classic and spread all over the world. Joseph Needham, a British scholar, called Song "an agronomist in China" and "Diderot in China". Guo Neiqing, a Japanese scholar, also thinks that Song's book can be compared with the encyclopedia edited by Diderot (Denis Diderot, 17 13- 1784) in the 8th century.
Selected poems of critical political theory
Another representative work of Song Dynasty is Ye Yi's Political Essays, which was published in the ninth year of Chongzhen (A.D. 1636).
The book is full of words, not divided into volumes, including twelve expositions on world sports, sports, people's wealth, morale, reclamation, learning, military pay, training, learning politics, salt politics, customs and chaotic politics. It reflects his political and economic thoughts. The purpose of writing this book is to save the political and economic crisis faced by the society in the late Ming Dynasty, and put forward a series of reform measures, hoping that the country can turn from chaos to stability, thus embodying the patriotic thought of this scientist who cares about the future of the country and the destiny of the nation. This work can be seen as Song, as an opposition, writing to Emperor Chongzhen asking for political reform. Judging from the content of each discussion, the content mainly involves the following five aspects: First, it points out the importance of personnel appointment and national education in political institutions at all levels. In order to strengthen the construction of political power, it exposed and criticized the malpractice of the system and the corruption of officials at that time, and put forward a plan to reform official management and academic administration. Second, in view of the poor economic situation of the people at that time, the mistakes in economic policies such as finance and taxation were exposed, and innovative schemes and ways to make money were put forward. The third is to talk about the methods of using troops, training troops and raising military salaries, and to expose military and political abuses. Fourth, it is required to change customs, refresh people's mental outlook and improve the morale of officers and men. The fifth is to analyze the process and motivation of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty and put forward the policy of protecting the people. In short, Song advocated reducing the people's exorbitant taxes and levies, demanding that corrupt officials in the military and political affairs be eliminated and replaced by honest officials who are loyal to the country. Its ideal is that under the rule of honest officials, workers and peasants are well-fed and well-fed, businessmen are profitable, the poor have the opportunity to enter the imperial examination, and scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce are in their proper places, and then agriculture, industry and commerce develop in an all-round way, and the country will be saved. There are many incisive ideas in the book. For example, the discussion in People's Finance pointed out: "Those who have money are naturally suitable and are artificially shipped out." He also said: "Money means general department stores, not specifically blocking (money). What a rare platinum today! Those are the grain in the field, the firewood in the forest, the mulberry under the wall and the fish ears in the pond. " In other words, social wealth is created by labor. Increasing social wealth means vigorously developing agriculture and industry and providing rich products, while money itself is not wealth. Song's view of wealth is a genius contribution to Principles of Economics, and it took more than a century for Adam Smith (1723- 1790) in the west to put forward the same view in 1776.
Poetry of Sorrow is a collection of poems selected by Song Dynasty, which was published in the ninth year of Chongzhen (AD 1636). There are ten poems of beauty, forty-two poems of pity and folly, and fifty-two poems of * *, all of which are seven-character poems. Poetry reflects the poet's outlook on life or philosophy of life, and expresses his views on the value and significance of life in literary form. For this reason, two types of typical characters are created in the poem, namely, praising beauty and mocking. Song Ying Xing inherited the tradition of new Yuefu poetry advocated by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and advocated that writing poetry should expose the shortcomings of current politics, reflect social reality and inspire people. Simei's poems depict some images of sages that should be imitated: (1) Being in troubled times, being honest and self-disciplined, and not colluding with others; (2) serving the country faithfully and taking the interests of the people as the foundation of life; (3) Have both ability and political integrity, understand the times with thoughts, works and practical actions, and awaken the world; (4) Do not seek fame and fortune, be loyal to the country and filial to the people, and sacrifice everything when necessary. Although such people are few, they will remain immortal, and everyone can be Yao and Shun. Poem of Compassion for Fools depicts some images of fools who should be satirized or lashed: (1) Struggle for power and position, form a party for self-interest, and bring disaster to the country and people; (2) Greed, amassing treasures and exploiting people; (3) Pursuing fame and gain, and pursuing fame and gain after death, hoping that generations will be rich; (4) Superstition in witchcraft, not believing that man is the master of his own destiny. Poetry shows in a comparative way what the goal of life should be and how to be a man. Poetry is not as artistic as Tang poetry, but it is also quite philosophical and ideological.
Historical materialism of natural philosophy
Qi Lun is a monograph on natural philosophy, published in the tenth year of Chongzhen (A.D. 1637), including fractal and qi, qi sound, fire and water, water and dust, water and wind returning to Tibet, cold and heat, etc. The Song Dynasty inherited and developed the theory of the Song Dynasty philosopher Zhang Zai (A.D. 1020- 1077) and formed his materialistic monism natural philosophy system. He believes that the most primitive substance of all things in the universe is qi, which gasifies into shape and returns to qi. The material level between form and qi is water and fire. He combined the theory of primordial energy with the theory of new five elements, and explained the mechanism of the formation of all things with the theory of "two qi and five elements". From primitive energy to fire, water and gas, and then from fire and water to soil, fire and water formed tangible things such as gold and wood through soil, and then from fire, water and soil to Jin Mu, they gradually evolved into all things. His theory is more profound and intensive than Wang Chong's theory of vitality in Han Dynasty (AD 27- 107) and Zhang Zai's theory of vitality in Song Dynasty, and more specifically explains the generation of all things in the West at that time than Aristotle's theory of four elements (earth, fire, water and qi), because the Song Dynasty introduced some transitional material levels between qi and all things, instead of directly forming all things from qi. He also continued to discuss the biochemical theory of earthwork and hardware, from which the idea of material conservation was derived. He also pointed out that the material composition contained in animals is similar to that contained in plants, and plants grow by absorbing inorganic nutrients and water in soil, thus demonstrating the unity of material composition in organic and inorganic circles. His materialistic view of nature is based on his rich scientific and technological knowledge.
On Qi, Qi and Sound is devoted to acoustic problems in natural science, including the conditions that affect tones, the speed and propagation of sound, and the factors that determine the strength of sound. When talking about the principle of sound production, it is pointed out that two kinds of gases roll and break through shapes to produce aerodynamic sound. When broken by different forms, there are all kinds of sounds. The occurrence of sound lies in the "micro-awning movement" of air caused by the crushing and tumbling of gas, which is the vibration of air in the present words. The priority (speed) and strength (intensity) of the air can determine the sound level. The paper also points out that the medium of sound propagation is air, and taking the sound of a gun as an example, it is pointed out that the distance that a gun reaches per unit time is ten times that of a shell. As for the mode of sound propagation, Song thinks that its mode of propagation is like a water wave formed by hitting water with a stone, that is to say, it propagates in the air in the form of waves, which shows that he has a theoretical concept of sound waves. His thought pointed out the correct direction for the development of acoustics after this. At that time, Europe was still debating whether the medium of sound was air, ether particles or matter particles. It was not until the German scholar Gehrig (1602- 1686) did the sound transmission experiment with an air pump that it was proved that the sound transmission medium was air, and the concept of sound wave was established long after that.
Song has always been interested in astronomy, and the manuscript of Guanxiang was originally intended to be published at the same time as Tiangong, but it was deleted. His existing book Talking about Heaven was published in the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), mainly about the sun. When he climbed Mount Tai to observe the sun, an idea came to him: "Take today as yesterday and carve a boat for a sword." He believes that the sun is not only moving along its orbit, but also constantly changing itself. Therefore, he puts forward an important philosophical proposition that "today is not yesterday", corrects Zhang Zai's theory that the shape of the sun and the moon remains unchanged for ever, and criticizes Dong Zhongshu's metaphysical view that "the sky remains unchanged and the Tao remains unchanged". Song's thought of innovating Japan was later developed by Wang Fuzhi (A.D.1619-1692). Solar eclipse is a natural phenomenon, which has nothing to do with human social activities. However, the theory of heaven-man induction holds that abnormal natural phenomena such as solar eclipse are symbols of national political disconnection and people's fatuity, and God takes this as a warning. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu (A.D. 1 130- 1200) wrote: "Only when you are in charge of politics, you can eliminate evil with the virtuous, so that the yang will flourish and the yin will prevail. ..... then the journey between the sun and the moon may be eaten, but the moon often avoids the sun, ... so eat instead of eating. " Song criticized Zhu's point of view: "Zhu pays attention to the political cultivation of kings, and often avoids the sun in the month, so it is appropriate to eat on the day instead of eating." It is too careless to take the moon seriously. " Then compare the observed data of ancient solar eclipse with the events recorded in ancient history, and prove that Zhu Zhu's statement is groundless and contradictory. Song also wrote the historical work "The Interpretation of Emperor Rong in the Spring and Autumn Period" (A.D. 1644), which borrowed from the past to express the national justice and created anti-Qing public opinion in the south. His Meridian is a literary creation, but it is also of political significance. All these show that he is a scholar who has dabbled in both natural science and humanities.