Engineering construction supervision refers to the supervision unit entrusted by the project legal person, according to the engineering construction documents approved by the state, laws and regulations related to engineering construction, engineering construction supervision contracts and other engineering construction contracts. The following is the current situation of project supervision and suggested measures I have compiled for you. You are welcome to learn from them.
First, an overview of the status quo of project supervision
Engineering construction supervision refers to the supervision and management of engineering construction by the supervision unit entrusted by the project legal person according to the engineering construction documents approved by the state, laws and regulations related to engineering construction, engineering construction supervision contracts and other engineering construction contracts. However, since the development of the supervision industry, there are still many owners, construction units and even supervision enterprises who have insufficient understanding of the supervision industry, which leads to some problems in the current construction supervision market order. These problems also restrict the normal and orderly development of construction supervision subjectively or objectively, and even hinder the development of construction supervision in a sense.
According to my experience in the supervision industry for nearly ten years, I realized the problems existing in the current supervision work in practice:
1 Problems existing in project supervision work
1. 1 Some owners think that the supervision unit is entrusted by itself, and the supervision expenses are paid by itself, and the supervisors should carry out their work according to the wishes of the owners. Once the supervisor doesn't listen, the owner will be dissatisfied with the supervisor, which is not conducive to the supervisor's continued work. GB/T 503 19-20 13 "Code for Construction Engineering Supervision" requires that engineering supervision units should carry out construction engineering supervision and related service activities fairly, independently, honestly and scientifically. If the supervision unit only acts according to the owner's wishes, it not only violates the provisions of national laws and regulations, but also harms the interests of the construction unit.
1.2 Some construction units also have prejudice to the understanding of supervisors. On the one hand, they lack understanding of the supervision industry and think that it is a national law for owners to invite supervision units and they have to do it. Engineering construction mainly depends on the construction unit, and supervision is nothing more than checking and accepting the quality of engineering construction and finding faults. We should not interfere with the working procedures, methods and other affairs of the construction unit. However, according to the current laws and regulations, the chief supervision engineer has the right to review the qualifications of subcontractors; Have the right to review the construction organization design and (special) construction plan; Have the right to examine payment applications and issue payment certificates; Have the right to mediate contract disputes and handle engineering claims; Have the right to participate in or cooperate with the investigation and handling of engineering quality and safety accidents; Organize the pre-acceptance of completion and have the right to participate in the completion acceptance of the project. On the other hand, some construction units regard the supervision unit as his? Quality inspector? Often the quality inspector is not present at the construction site, and the quality inspection and acceptance is carried out by the supervision personnel. However, the work of the supervision unit includes not only quality control, but also progress and cost control, managing contracts and information, coordinating the relationship between all parties in the project construction, and at the same time performing legal supervision duties according to the Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects and other laws and policies.
1.3 Some owners, quality supervisors and safety supervisors think that the supervision unit is a very professional person and should be responsible for the quality and safety of the project? Pretty big? The responsibility of. Once the quality and safety problems occur in the entrusted supervision project, the responsibility of the construction unit is artificially weakened, the responsibility of the supervision unit is strengthened, and the supervision unit is taken as a scapegoat for the adverse consequences. In fact, there are many potential interference factors affecting engineering construction, which cannot be completely controlled by one or several supervision engineers. The supervision engineer can only try to reduce or try to avoid the influence of interference factors on the construction objectives. Engineering supervision does not directly carry out engineering design, nor does it participate in construction production, and the engineering quality is not a supervision unit? Supervision? Or? Check? Yes, it was made by the construction unit. The supervision unit only bears the responsibility of omission for its own fault behavior caused by dereliction of duty or failure to perform its duties in the process of engineering construction, rather than some expanded responsibilities.
2. The actual scope and authorization of project supervision is limited and narrow.
2. 1 restrictions
At present, for various reasons, many owners only grant quality control and progress control to supervisors in the construction stage, but are unwilling to grant or partially grant supervision investment control. In some projects, even if the supervision unit is granted the investment control right by the owner, it is only a formality in the actual work process, which is divorced from the real sense? Investment control? There is still a long way to go.
1) The supervision engineer is only granted the quality control right in the construction stage, so it is difficult to control the project quality. Because the owner did not grant the supervision investment control right, the project contractor can get the project payment without the approval of the supervision engineer, and can get the money regardless of whether the quality requirements put forward by the supervision engineer are met, which leads to the supervision engineer losing the control right and unable to effectively supervise the project quality. If the owner entrusts the investment control right of the project to the supervisor, carries out quality acceptance according to the acceptance standard, and the supervision engineer only issues a payment notice to the qualified project, the supervisor can restrain the behavior of the construction unit by economic means, thus ensuring the project quality more effectively.
2) China's supervision work is generally limited to the engineering construction stage. After the supervision unit accepts the entrustment of the owner, the project starts construction immediately, and the supervision personnel should start from scratch about the project situation, which makes the supervision personnel familiar with the situation while working, and it is impossible to have a thorough grasp and familiarity with the project, especially for large-scale projects with high technical complexity. Although it is currently stipulated that the construction unit and supervision unit must have some time to familiarize themselves with the drawings before the project starts, and the design unit should make design disclosure and answer questions, the construction and supervision unit often doesn't know the design intention, can't master the overall design and detailed design, and the design disclosure of the design unit is also sloppy. In this way, when problems are found in the construction, it is impossible to control the occurrence of engineering quality problems in advance.
2.2 Stenosis
Construction project supervision should be all-round and whole process, and the supervision process should run through the whole process of project feasibility study, design, construction and delivery. The state has always advocated that the supervision work should be all-round and the whole process, but from the current situation of supervision work, there is still narrowness in the work. On the one hand, at present, the owners have insufficient understanding of the importance of supervision work, especially design supervision work; The entrusted supervision work is limited to the construction stage; On the other hand, the professional quality and level of supervisors are uneven, which also restricts the full implementation of design supervision. In addition, the absence of relevant national laws and regulations has no clear norms and requirements for the supervision work in the design stage, which makes the design supervision work disorganized and restricts the development of the supervision industry.
From the actual benefit, the design work is an extremely important stage in the project construction process. The quality of engineering design not only determines whether the project can meet the use function and whether the structure is safe, but also determines the investment benefit of the project. However, many owners generally believe that the project has been designed by a specialized design institute, and there is no need to spend money to entrust supervision. In fact, in many cases, the design results may not be perfect, and the designers are often divorced from the actual needs of the project, and the design results can not meet the expectations of the owners, and the supervision can make up for these deficiencies to some extent.
3 engineering supervision fee charged at will.
At present, the project supervision fee is also an extremely important factor restricting the benign development of the project supervision industry. The actual income of supervision fees of most supervision enterprises is seriously lower than the national standard. On the one hand, the owner regards the project supervision fee as an economic burden, and in order to pursue economic benefits, regardless of technical and management factors, the supervision fee is suppressed, which makes the supervision project organization understaffed and affects the normal development of supervision work; On the other hand, the regulatory peers compete viciously with each other and bid at unreasonably low prices. Some supervision companies bid below the cost price when undertaking supervision projects, and contract projects with low price advantage.
The low supervision fee leads the supervision enterprises to reduce the investment of manpower, equipment and funds for their own survival, which seriously affects the quality of supervision work and reduces the effect of supervision work. In the long run, it will be difficult for supervision enterprises to develop and improve the quality of supervision work, and even lead to supervision dereliction of duty, which seriously restricts the development of supervision industry.
4 problems of supervision practitioners
4. 1 only accounts for about half of the total number of certified supervision engineers in China and projects. Another part works in a design institute, and the other part is engaged in teaching. Most of them are registered in the supervision enterprises in name only, and they are not engaged in the actual supervision work, and the supervisors on the construction site often do not have corresponding certificates. Registered practitioners are not engaged in supervision work, while those actually engaged in supervision work are not qualified, and some even take up their posts without training, so the registered supervision engineer of enterprises is decoupled from the actual staff.
4.2 The brain drain in the supervision industry is serious, and the talent base is extremely weak. Engineering supervision is to provide highly intelligent technical and management services for the society, and talents are the foundation. Without talent supervision, it is nonsense. At present, the sources of supervisors mainly include the following categories: 1, retired engineers from design units; 2, retired engineering and technical personnel of construction enterprises; 3. Personnel who have worked in construction projects; 4. University graduates. From the source of personnel, college graduates should be the focus of supervision personnel training. But the reality is that when college graduates grow up to basically have the ability to work in supervision units for 2 to 3 years, there are very few people who can continue to work in supervision positions, whether they are excellent talents or ordinary talents. How can the supervision industry develop with such a brain drain and such a weak talent base?
5 management problems of supervision enterprises
5. 1 The management organization is not perfect.
A complete supervision enterprise management organization should have corresponding functional departments, which are in charge of management, production, personnel and technology respectively. Although some supervision enterprises have complete functional departments in the management organization chart, the person who holds the management position in the company in actual work is also the project supervision director. Usually, only the company manager is responsible for the company's big and small affairs, which often affects the management efficiency and level of enterprises.
5.2 supervision procedures are not clear
The important principle of project supervision is to work in strict accordance with national regulations and supervision procedures. At present, some supervision companies still lack strict internal management procedures and systems, and some supervision companies have obtained and passed the ISO quality system certification, but only for? Certification? And the program file is useless. In the actual supervision work, the supervision procedure is not followed, and the degree of institutionalization, standardization, proceduralization and standardization of supervision work is not high.
5.3 The supervision documents and records are falsified and should be dealt with.
Some supervision engineers can't give full play to their subjective initiative, copy the template of supervision technical documents without combining the characteristics and specific conditions of the project, and can't play the role and significance of compiling technical documents. The on-site supervision records of key parts of engineering construction are always the same, and the construction process and supervision work cannot be truthfully recorded. Such a supervision document will lose its meaning.
5.4 The supervision responsibility system has not been implemented.
The chief supervision engineer (project director) is an authorized representative appointed by the legal representative of the supervision unit in the project supervision activities, and is one of the responsible subjects of the supervision project. Some rights of the project director cannot be replaced by the director's representative or professional supervision engineer. At present, due to the lack of director talents in China's supervision industry, it is difficult for the director to really play his role and perform his duties, thus affecting the supervision effect of the project.
Second, the future and development of supervision work
At present, in order to complete the construction of a project, the owner needs to manage it from many aspects, such as technology, economy, contract, organization and coordination. At present, most owners in our country are doing infrastructure for the first time and don't know much about the construction industry. Although the owner can complete part of the project management by himself, the ability of the owner is unmatched by professional institutions. For example, the owner of the investor must equip all professional infrastructure teams for the construction of the project, which is beyond the reach of most owners' manpower and material resources and is very difficult. In order to solve these difficulties, engineering project management enterprises came into being, which is also the basis of the development of engineering project management. According to the present situation of construction engineering supervision industry, engineering supervision enterprises should not only take supervision in construction stage as their main function, but also transform to project management in order to better serve the owners and their own development. There is no doubt that project management is the inevitable product of the development of the construction market to a certain stage.
1, project management is conducive to building a high-quality talent team.
Engineering project management runs through the whole process of the whole construction project, and goes through a series of processes, such as feasibility study stage, bidding stage, design stage, project implementation stage, completion acceptance stage, trial operation stage and post-project evaluation, so the requirements for talents, especially those with high intelligence and high quality, are very high. It is necessary to establish a reasonable talent structure, introduce professional talents, and realize the matching of professional functions and complete functions. In order to transition and transform into a project management company, supervision enterprises should make great efforts in talent training and introduction, adopt different types of training, train employees in basic knowledge of project management, and pay attention to practical and practical special training and practical vocational ability training. , improve the ability of employees. Through these means, a high-quality talent team with comprehensive professional ability and knowledge of design and project management will be established.
2, project management is conducive to the establishment of standards and work norms.
Project management is different from project supervision. It not only completes the corresponding professional services by itself, but also plays a leading role in project planning and organization and coordination in the whole process of engineering construction. Therefore, project management enterprises should establish their own characteristics and more stringent business standards and work norms. These standards and norms are combined with the internal basic management system of the enterprise itself, which embodies the culture and spirit of the enterprise and becomes another important resource to ensure the normal operation of the enterprise.
3, project management is conducive to open up the market.
At present, the supervision industry in China's construction market tends to be saturated, the number of construction projects is decreasing, and the competition among supervision enterprises is fierce. However, project management has just started, and not many enterprises can complete project management. As a powerful supervision company, it can undertake the task of project management through transformation and development. In addition to doing a good job in project supervision, supervision enterprises should also increase the publicity of project management to owners, actively introduce the content and significance of project management to owners, entrust project management companies with the necessity of professional management, and actively explore the market. Only when more and more owners realize the importance of project management can project management grow and develop healthily in the construction market.
Three. conclusion
Although there is still a certain market for engineering construction supervision at present, with the continuous development of the construction market, the improvement of construction policies and the comprehensive influence of various factors, engineering supervision enterprises will inevitably transform into project management enterprises. Project management can truly meet the needs of owners to obtain maximum economic benefits, and it is also an inevitable trend for project supervision to move towards project management. This is my reflection and prospect on the present situation of engineering construction supervision industry, hoping to make construction supervision have a better future.
References:
[1] the present situation and development of engineering supervision "urban construction theory research (electronic version)", 20 12 Huang Yi.
[2] On the Present Situation of Contemporary Engineering Construction Supervision "China Times Weekly (Next Issue)", Shao Changqing 20 15.
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