If you are a student, you can go to Dalian Maritime University. If you want to go to sea as a sailor, you can find a shipping company, and they will arrange for you to get on board and do some simple work on board. Let me name a few majors: Maritime College generally has maritime technical majors such as navigation, ship art, freight transportation, maritime instruments, maritime English, communication and maritime management. The main professional basic courses and specialized courses I studied at school include: maritime English conversation and reading, maritime mechanics, electrical technology, ship radio technology foundation, microcomputer principle and application, ship principle, navigation, ship structure and equipment, ship handling, ship duty and collision avoidance, maritime meteorology and oceanography, ship safety and management, navigation instruments, GMDSS equipment and communication services, ship freight, ocean shipping business and maritime law, shipping economy and shipping market management, etc. Maritime management has distinctive features. At school, I learned the basic knowledge required by engineering majors, the main navigation courses, the theoretical and technical basis of safety management, the legal basis, the laws and regulations of maritime safety management and international conventions. The main basic courses and specialized courses of GIS are: GIS, remote sensing principle and application, GPS principle and application, surveying, electronic chart system, navigation, marine meteorology and oceanography, maritime management, secondary development of GIS, remote sensing image processing and analysis, spatial analysis, database principle and application, VTS and AIS principle and application, GIS and remote sensing practice.
The undergraduate majors of the School of Marine Engineering include marine engineering (marine engineering management and marine marine engineering repair), electrical engineering and its automation (marine electrical engineering and port electrical engineering), marine electronic and electrical engineering, marine and marine engineering, and thermal energy and power engineering. There is a doctor's degree authorization point in marine engineering. The main professional basic courses and specialized courses of marine engineering, marine engineering and its automation, power electronics and power transmission, power system and its automation, design and manufacture of ships and marine structures, power machinery and engineering marine engineering include: engineering fluid mechanics, circuit and electronic technology, engineering thermodynamics and heat transfer, marine engineering materials, mechanical design basis, marine monitoring technology and application, marine electrical equipment and systems, marine diesel engines, marine auxiliary machines and turbines.
The main professional basic courses and specialized courses of ship electronic and electrical engineering include: circuit principle, analog electronic technology foundation, digital electronic technology foundation, power electronics, communication electronic circuit, automatic control principle, microcomputer principle and application, ship local area network technology and application, programmable controller and its communication network, electrical engineering, AC variable frequency speed regulation system, ship power station, ship electric traction system, ship main engine monitoring system, ship auxiliary control device, ship integrated bridge system and so on.
The main professional basic courses and specialized courses of electrical engineering and automation specialty include: circuit principle, analog electronic technology foundation, digital electronic technology foundation, embedded system technology foundation, automatic control theory, signal and system, electrical engineering, power electronic technology, electric drive automatic control system, ship power station and its automation device, ship mechanical electric drive device, port power supply system, port mechanical electric drive device, etc.
The main professional basic courses and specialized courses of ship and ocean engineering specialty include: fluid mechanics, theoretical mechanics, material mechanics, ship construction theory and technology, ship and ocean engineering structure, ship statics, ship resistance and propulsion, ship design principles, ship design software application, ship and ocean engineering structure mechanics, ship and ocean structure strength, ship structure finite element analysis, computer principle and application, mechanical design, ship repair technology, and ship and ocean engineering.
The main professional basic courses and specialized courses of thermal energy and power engineering include: descriptive geometry and mechanical drawing, mechanical principle, mechanical design basis, material mechanics, theoretical mechanics, engineering thermodynamics, heat transfer, electrotechnics, marine power plant foundation, engineering fluid mechanics, gas turbine principle, gas dynamics, steam turbine device and marine refrigeration technology. There is also a marine major who usually works on luxury cruise ships.
2. General knowledge about ships
First, ship construction is a kind of maritime transport.
Although the ships are different in size, the main parts of their structures are similar. The ship is mainly composed of the following parts: (1) hull, that is, the ship's hull, which is composed of several steel plates by rivets or electric welding, including keel wing plate, arc outer plate and upper outer plate.
(2) Frame Ship frame refers to various materials used to support the hull, which are divided into longitudinal and transverse parts. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and lateral bone; Cross beams include ribs, ship beams and bulkheads.
(3) Deck Deck is a steel plate laid on the ship beam, which divides the hull into upper, middle and lower layers. The number of decks of large ships can be as many as six or seven floors, which are used to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate layered loading and loading.
(4) Cargo hold and tank hold refer to various use spaces below the nail plate, including bow hold, stern hold, cargo hold, machinery hold and boiler hold. (5) Superstructure Superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, which is used for the life and work of the crew and the storage of their ships, including the first floor, the stern cabin and the bridge.
(6) Head: the front of the ship. The bend on both sides of the hull is called the bow.
(7) Stern: The back of a ship. The curved parts on both sides of the hull are called quarters.
(8) Bilge: the place where the side plate of the ship meets the bottom plate of the ship. Ship scale (9) Maximum scale: also known as full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of berths docked at the wharf, whether it can pass under the bridge and enter a wharf.
Total length (maximum length): refers to the horizontal distance between the foremost end and the rearmost end of the ship (including the outer plate and the permanently fixed protrusions at both ends). Full width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the outer plate and permanent fixing protrusion of the ship.
Maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It can get the height of the ship above the water by subtracting the draft.
(10) Registration scale: refers to the scale used by the competent authority in registering ships and calculating the gross tonnage and net tonnage of ships, and it shall be stated in the tonnage certificate. Registered length: the horizontal distance of the upper surface of the upper deck from the front edge of the mast to the rear edge of the mast; When there is no tailstock, measure the center of the rudder stock.
Registration width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of two outboard plates at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: the vertical distance measured from the lower surface of the upper deck to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate at the midpoint of the registered length of the longitudinal section of the ship.
(1 1) Ship size: Captain: the horizontal distance from the first edge to the rear edge of the stern post along the summer load waterline, also known as the length of two columns. Width: the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two side ribs at the widest part of the hull.
Depth: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the upper beam on the freeboard deck at the captain's midpoint. (12) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.
Plus the thickness of the flat keel, it is the actual draft. Two. Types of ships There are many kinds of ships that carry goods by sea.
According to different purposes, cargo ships can be divided into two categories: dry cargo ships and oil tankers. (1) Dry cargo ships can be divided into 1. General cargo ships are ships sailing on busy freight routes in a specific period of time, mainly carrying sporadic groceries. This kind of ship sails fast and is equipped with enough lifting equipment. In the ship structure, there are multiple decks to divide the cabin into multiple containers to meet the needs of loading different goods.
2. Bulk carriers Bulk carriers are ships used to transport unpackaged bulk goods. According to the different types of goods, it can be divided into grain ships, coal ships and ore ships.
Most of these ships are single deck, and there are no columns in the cabin, but there are partitions to prevent the cargo in the cabin from being misplaced when running in the wind and waves. 3. Refrigeration ship Refrigeration ship is a ship specially used for loading frozen perishable goods.
The ship is equipped with a refrigeration system, which can adjust various temperatures to meet the needs of different temperatures of goods in each cabin. 4. Timber ship Timber ship is a ship specially used for loading timber or logs.
This kind of cabin has a large mouth, and there are no equipment such as beams and columns that hinder loading and unloading. Cabin and deck can be loaded with wood.
In order to prevent the timber on the deck from being washed overboard by waves, bulwarks of not less than one meter are generally set on both sides of the ship's side. 5. Container ships There are three types of container ships: partial container ships, full container ships and convertible container ships: (1) partial container ships.
Only the middle of the ship is used as a special space for containers, and other spaces are still full of ordinary groceries. (2) Full container ships.
Refers to the ship specially used for transporting bagged containers. It is different from ordinary cargo ships. Its cargo hold is equipped with a grid frame and a vertical guide rail, which is convenient for the container to be put down along the guide rail, and the four corners are limited by grids to prevent dumping.
Container ships can stack three to nine containers in the cabin and three to four on the deck. (3) Convertible container ships.
The structure of the cargo container is detachable. Therefore, it can ship containers and general groceries when necessary.
The speed of container ships is very high, and most of them have no lifting equipment, so they need to rely on the lifting equipment on the dock for loading and unloading. This kind of container ship is also called unloading ship.
6. The ro-ro ship, also known as the ro-ro ship, is mainly used to transport cars and containers. The ship itself does not need loading and unloading equipment. Generally, there are slopes on the ship's side or at the bow and stern to connect the docks. When loading and unloading goods, both cars and containers (mounted on trailers) go in and out of the engine room directly.
The advantage of this kind of ship is that it does not depend on the loading and unloading equipment on the dock, and the loading and unloading speed is fast, which can accelerate the ship turnover. 7. Barge carriers are also called mother ships.
Refers to a ship carrying a barge and loading goods on the barge. The main advantage of barge carrier is that it is not limited by the depth of the port and does not need to occupy the berth of the dock. Loading and unloading of goods are carried out at anchorage, with high loading and unloading efficiency.
At present, the commonly used barge carrier mainly includes "barge on board".
3. Common sense about seafarers
1. What is an officer and rank? What are their jobs? Senior crew members include: captain, chief engineer, driver (first mate, second mate and third mate), engineer (second engineer, second engineer) and electrical engineer.
Ordinary crew members include: boatswain, mechanic, sailor, mechanic, cook, waiter and intern. The driver's main job is to be on duty at the bridge for eight hours, and be responsible for directing sailors to manipulate the ship, locate and avoid.
The main job of the engineer is to be on duty in the engine room, responsible for the daily use and maintenance of the ship's power system and electromechanical equipment. The main tasks of sailors are: steering on duty on the bridge, overtime daily maintenance, such as rust removal and painting.
The main job of a mechanic is: the daily maintenance of the machine. 2. How long is the training for seafarers? Where is the training place? For ordinary seafarers, the training time is generally 4 months.
Professional training must be conducted in a qualified training institution designated by the National Maritime Safety Administration, and the specific training place shall be contacted by the company with the training institution; Senior crew members, with training time of 2-3 years, have obtained a nationally recognized junior college or technical secondary school degree in navigation. The training places are maritime universities or maritime vocational and technical colleges recognized by national maritime administrations such as Wuhan, Shanghai and Dalian.
3. What organizational systems are there on board? Ocean-going freighters are generally over 10,000 tons, and the crew of the whole ship is generally 19-24. In addition to the captain and political commissar, there are 8 senior crew members, 10 ordinary crew members and 2 chefs.
The crew organization system is divided into deck department and engine department. There is a clear division of posts within each department.
1, deck department. Mainly responsible for cargo stowage, loading and unloading equipment and navigation, hull maintenance and cargo storage during ship operation; The driving equipment of the supervisor includes navigation instruments, signal equipment, navigation books and communication equipment; Responsible for the management of life-saving, fire-fighting and plugging equipment; General maintenance of main cabin, anchor, mooring line and loading and unloading equipment; Responsible for the use and treatment of cargo hold system and fresh water, ballast water and sewage system outside the cabin.
2. Engine Department. Mainly responsible for the management, use and maintenance of main engine, boiler, auxiliary engine and various electromechanical equipment; Be responsible for the management and maintenance of the whole ship's power system.
3. Department of Affairs. Mainly responsible for the catering, life service and financial work of the whole crew.
4. How to classify A-class, B-class and C-class seafarers? Seafarers are usually classified into Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D according to their routes. A-class seafarers can sail around the world, also known as international seafarers; Class B seafarers can sail along the offshore areas such as Southeast Asia and are regional seafarers; Class c seafarers can sail in coastal navigation areas; Class d seafarers can sail in the inshore navigation area.
5. Is it safe to work on board? The safety factor of ship navigation is 100 times higher than that of automobiles and motorcycles. As long as you have the courage to take the bus, you can work on the boat with peace of mind. An example can fully illustrate the safety of ship navigation: more than 80% of container ship owners transported by the north-south line at sea in China do not buy accident insurance, which is incredible for automobile transportation and air transportation.
6. Will it hurt to work with foreigners? China people are the smartest people, and they pay the most attention to social relations. It is easier to get along with foreigners than people from China, but you should break through the English barrier and get to know foreign cultures. Nowadays, China people's international status is increasing day by day just like China's economy and sports. The days of "no dogs allowed in China" are long gone, and there will be no turning back.
4. What books can I read about the basic knowledge of shipping?
There are no books to read, only some simple things.
About transportation:
A, tracking factory stocking situation:
If the factory has an internal network system, it can arrange confirmation orders (such as quantity, delivery date, volume, etc.) from customers in advance. );
2. Negotiate the delivery arrangement with the factory (finished product department);
When the delivery date (or estimated preparation date) is approaching, if the factory does not have a regular reporting mechanism, the shipping company should keep track of the goods at any time and then make a delivery plan (how to place which orders or which parts);
Third, make a shipment order and forward it to the forwarder or agent:
The bill of lading is the basis provided by the factory to the freight forwarding shipping company, and it must indicate the shipper, consignee, notifying party and the detailed information of the goods (such as the number of pieces, cubic meters, total gross weight, etc.). ), and indicate other contents required to be displayed on the bill of lading (such as relevant instructions from customers such as L/C # or L/C);
4. Confirm the shipping date information with the forwarder and deliver the goods:
Freight forwarders will book shipping space from shipping companies according to the consignment note provided by the factory. Once the shipping company confirms that the shipping space has been given to the freight forwarder, the loan agent needs to place a bill with the factory or its designated agent to arrange the container hauling (or FCL of the whole container) or the container delivery (if it is LCL of bulk goods). At this time, the finished product department of the factory needs to cooperate with the shipping (or import and export department) to load containers.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Customs declaration:
After the goods are delivered to the designated warehouse, prepare the customs declaration documents and hand them over to the factory customs broker or his agent customs broker for customs declaration. After the customs examines the documents, the goods will be released immediately after they are correct.
Six, single (bill of lading):
Check the bill of lading according to the actual shipment. Bill of lading is an important document for customers to clear customs and pick up goods at the destination. It is sent to exporters by freight forwarders or shipping companies, and then sent to importers by exporters. You can't change it at will (any change needs to be stamped with the correction seal of the shipping company or loan agent). The bill of lading is the proof of the ownership of the goods, so if there is a payment dispute between the two parties, the exporter can negotiate with the importer by virtue of the bill of lading. Note: you can't release the goods casually (the buyer can pick up the goods without the original bill of lading) unless you are absolutely sure that the seller will really pay after releasing the goods; Or payment has been received before shipment;
Seven, (exporter) documents (importer) payment:
Depending on the mode of payment, telegraphic transfer (the difference between deposit and no deposit) or letter of credit (it is safer to settle foreign exchange through banks) and so on. Try not to D/P (that is, the buyer pays after receiving the documents and goods). At this time, for the exporter, the goods of this ticket have completed the whole process of export (I am not sure about the write-off of export tax rebate, which is a matter for the financial manager, and I believe the financial department of any export-oriented enterprise should be very clear about the relevant procedures).
What basic knowledge does the current crew need and what preparations do they need to make before boarding?
1. What is a sailor? What is a senior cadre sailor? What are ordinary workers and seafarers? A: People who work on seagoing ships are collectively called seafarers.
Seafarers are divided into two categories: ① senior seafarers. Seafarers engaged in management work on board are called senior seafarers, also known as cadre seafarers. Including the captain, chief engineer, first mate, second mate, big tube wheel, second tube wheel and third tube wheel.
(2) A seaman who assists a senior seaman to engage in a specific job on a ship is called an ordinary seaman, also known as a worker seaman. 2. How are Class A, Class B and Class C seafarers classified? A: Seafarers are usually divided into Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D according to their routes.
A-class seafarers can sail around the world, also known as international seafarers; Class B seafarers can sail along the offshore areas such as Southeast Asia and are regional seafarers; Class c seafarers can sail in coastal navigation areas; Class d seafarers can sail in the inshore navigation area. 3. What are the seaman's certificates? What is the gold content of this certificate? Answer: seaman's certificate, seaman's service book, certificate of competency and "four certificates" (ship fire fighting, first aid at sea, lifeboat and raft operation, and survival at sea); Officers should also obtain "three certificates" (radar observation simulator, automatic radar plotter and wireless telephone communication); Class A and B seafarers also have health certificates, international vaccination certificates, passports, etc. Special crew members shall obtain corresponding professional training certificates.
Seafarer's certificate has high gold content and strong universality, which is universal all over the world. So with a seaman's card, you have a passport country to go to all countries in the world.
Boarding an international ocean-going ship can make you a navigator and realize your dream of traveling around the world. 4. What is the market demand of seafarers? Is employment guaranteed? A: World trade mainly depends on maritime transportation, so shipping is a sunrise industry.
According to the survey report of BIMCO/ISF (International Transport Federation), "there is a global shortage of seafarers. On a global scale, there are currently about 654.38+0 million seafarers in the world, including 600,000 ordinary seafarers. " China is one of the countries with the longest shipping routes in the world, with a coastline of more than18,000 kilometers, and a great gap for seafarers.
There is a shortage of seafarers abroad, and the demand for seafarers in the world is in short supply. At least in the next ten years, seafarers will be able to work 100%. Nowadays, the competition in the international shipping market is fierce, and seafarers' wages account for a large proportion of shipping expenses. The key to the huge difference in shipping expenditure costs among countries is the disparity in seafarers' wages.
At present, developed countries such as Europe and America basically no longer use their own high-paid seafarers, but turn to low-paid seafarers with cheap labor in developing countries such as China and the Philippines, so that shipping companies can reduce costs and increase profits. At present, the number of seafarers sent abroad in China is increasing at a double-digit rate every year. And with the rapid rise of China's economy, local shipping companies are also growing, so the demand for seafarers is particularly great.
5. What is the career prospect of seafarers? A long time ago, seaman was a desirable profession. Any international sailor will strut his head. Sailors not only earn a lot of money, they can travel around the world, but also bring some imported goods to their homes from time to time, which is really enviable.
Today, seafarers are still a good job: first, they adopt "order-based" training, and the employment rate of training is higher than that of any key university; Second, the professional income is high, and the training fee invested can be recovered within one year after boarding the ship; Third, the labor intensity is low, and the degree of automation of modern ships is high. Seafarers are mainly on duty and sitting in offices; Fourth, there are many opportunities for promotion. Ordinary crew members can be promoted to senior crew members until the captain (chief engineer). 6. Is it dangerous to work on a ship? What is the working environment on board? A: Modern ships have advanced equipment, high level of informatization and strong collision avoidance and wind resistance. The accident rate of international shipping ships is 0.3%, which is far safer than land.
Ocean-going ships are generally tens of meters wide and 100 meters long, and the working environment on board is very good. 7. What are the living conditions on board? What insurance does the shipowner pay for seafarers? A: The living conditions on board are very good. Senior seafarers have bedrooms, offices, bathrooms, bathrooms, desks, wardrobes, sofas, refrigerators and so on.
Ordinary seafarers have bedrooms, bathrooms, tables, wardrobes, sofas and so on. All video rooms, table tennis rooms, gyms, karaoke rooms, etc.
Sailors are provided with free clothes, food and accommodation on board, as well as daily necessities such as sheets, soap, towels, washing powder and toilet paper. Seafarers' companies generally pay endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance for seafarers; Working on a ship, the shipowner pays accident insurance for seafarers.
8. How long do seafarers work on the ship every day? How long does it take to go to sea every time? A: Seafarers work on the ship for 8 hours every day. Generally work 8 to 10 months a year; The time of each voyage is determined according to the task and route, which is about 5-7 days for domestic, China, Japan and South Korea routes and 20-30 days for global routes. 9. How to arrange seafarers' holidays? How to solve the travel expenses? A: Seafarers usually work for 8 to 10 months and arrange vacations; Take a vacation for 2 to 4 months; When disembarking on public holidays, the company is responsible for reimbursement of round-trip travel expenses.
Seafarers can also choose working hours and vacation time according to their own needs. 10. How are seafarers paid? A: The wages on the ship are paid at the end of each month. The labor fee and bonus are paid immediately after each job is completed, and the wages are never in arrears.
If the shipping company goes bankrupt and cannot pay wages, the maritime department of the country where the ship is located can auction the ship first and pay the crew wages first. In case the shipowner defaults on his wages, seafarers can complain to the Maritime Safety Administration, so the shipowner's ship is likely to be detained and released after the wages are paid.
1 1. What is the labor intensity of seafarers? During the voyage, the ship's personnel rotate three times a day, each shift is 8 hours: senior seafarers are on duty at the bridge, engine room control room or their own rooms; Ordinary sailors (mechanics, sailors) do some chores; After work is free time, you can watch videos, play cards, play chess, chat and take a walk on the deck. During the dock, seafarers are not responsible for loading and unloading goods, and the loading and unloading work is completed by the dock workers in the host country. In addition to the seafarers on duty, other personnel can go to other places and go sightseeing and shopping in various countries.
6. What professional knowledge should a maritime lawyer know?
The details are as follows: 1, People's Republic of China (PRC) Maritime Law: Order of the Chairman of the Standing Committee of People's Republic of China (PRC) NPC (No.64 of the Seventh Session) The Maritime Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) has been adopted at the 28th meeting of the Seventh Standing Committee of People's Republic of China (PRC) NPC, about 1992+05438.
President People's Republic of China (PRC) Yang1The 28th meeting of the 7th National People's Congress Standing Committee adopted 2. General Principles of Civil Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1986 April 12 was revised and adopted at the fourth session of the Sixth National People's Congress, and will be implemented on June 1987 1 day.
* * * Chapter IX, article 156. 3. Economic law: Economic law is a legal department that comprehensively, systematically, comprehensively and comprehensively adjusts the socialist commodity economic relations.
At this stage, we mainly adjust the economic management relations and a certain range of commercial coordination relations in the process of social production and reproduction, with various organizations as the basic subjects. We should grasp this concept from the following three points: (1) Economic law is the general name of economic legal norms; (2) Economic law is the general name of legal norms regulating economic relations; (3) Economic law regulates a certain range of economic relations.
4. Insurance Law: Insurance Law refers to all legal norms regulating insurance relations. All legal norms related to the organization of insurance, the object of insurance and the rights and obligations of the parties are insurance laws.
5. Other laws: because of this legal knowledge, other legal disputes are involved.