1, the connotation of leadership
There is no unified standard concept for the meaning of leadership, but we may get some enlightenment from the following excellent leaders' exposition of leadership: former US Secretary of State Powell defined leadership as: "Leadership is an art that will accomplish more things that management science thinks impossible."
The Drucker Foundation believes that "leadership is the ability to grasp the organizational mission and mobilize people to struggle around this mission; The basic principle of leadership is: leadership is the art of how to be a person, not how to do things, and the ability of a leader is ultimately personal quality and personality. Leaders succeed through the efforts of their employees. The basic task of a leader is to establish a highly conscious and productive work team; Leaders should build bridges of communication. "
James Kurtz, a famous American leading scholar.
Kouzcs) and BarryPosner's definition of leadership is that leadership is the ability of leaders to inspire others to make outstanding achievements voluntarily in the organization. Leadership is not the patent of a few leaders with extraordinary abilities. Moreover, leadership does not depend entirely on personal charm, it is also a kind of practice, and the quality model of leadership can be refined through the practice of leaders. Through the summary of these discussions, the author believes that leadership is first of all a personal charm, a special interpersonal influence, and a reflection of personal comprehensive quality and quality, that is, a person with leadership can give people a trustworthy feeling and unique wisdom, and a person with leadership can convince people with virtue, radiate unique light, and let everyone gather around him willingly to work together; Leadership should also be an ability to organize, coordinate and communicate, as well as the ability to convince others. This ability needs to be based on optimism, self-confidence, patience, perseverance and passion, which can make everyone feel that the future is bright and full of hope; Finally, leaders should take personality and personality as the source of strength behind them and dare to undertake relevant responsibilities and obligations.
2. The characteristics and core elements of leadership.
2. 1 the characteristics of leadership. Leadership is influence, leadership is influence. When a person has influence on others and others are willing to follow him, he has leadership and becomes an explicit or implicit leader. Specifically, the formation of leadership should have the following five conditions or characteristics: First, it is far-sighted, able to formulate a clear future vision, determine the direction of progress, and be good at communicating with subordinates about future vision and planning. Second, the vision of the future will have an impact on them, which is conducive to realizing the wishes and meeting the needs of others, that is, "adding value" to others. Third, have a good personal reputation, strong creativity and adventurous spirit, tenacious will, self-confidence and wisdom, honest and upright quality and work-related knowledge. Fourth, it is sensitive to the environment and other people's needs, can make a realistic assessment of environmental constraints and resources, can have a deep understanding of other people's abilities, and respond to other people's needs and emotions in time. Fifth, we can create a good situation in which others can work happily. If a person has the above five conditions or characteristics, there are bound to be many followers, and even without position power, he can become a hidden leader.
2.2 The core elements of leadership. The core elements for leaders to achieve outstanding leadership include internal ability-the ability of critical learning and reflection-and external performance-the ability to achieve change and development. The former is the way for leadership to achieve self-improvement, while the latter is the external expression of leadership value.
2.2. 1 critical learning and reflective ability. Critical learning and reflective ability
It is the core intrinsic quality of an excellent leader. Critical learning and reflection can enable leaders to actively acquire the essence of knowledge in management, economics, sociology and other fields, and actively summarize and refine experiences and lessons. Through critical study and reflection, leaders can sum up and sublimate past experience, judge the direction of things' change and development in the face of the new situation, and identify the difficulties and key points of the problem.
2.2.2 Ability to achieve change and development. The ability to achieve change and development is the external embodiment of excellent leadership. The fundamental task of leadership is to promote change in a complex and changeable environment and realize the sustained and healthy development of the organization. Excellent leaders can promote organizational change at the best time, clearly and forcefully express the reasons and motivation of change to the members of the organization, and make employees full of confidence in the future, support and support the change.
3. Countermeasures to improve leadership
3. 1 Improve the decisiveness of leaders. The basic function of leadership is decision-making, and decisiveness is the primary leadership. Decisiveness is the unity of courage and insight, courage and strategy, that is, wisdom and courage. Making the right choice quickly in real conflicts is the concentrated expression of managers' decisiveness. No matter what level of decision-making, as long as it is a decision-making, we must have a strategic vision, take the overall situation into account, and not be short-sighted. It is not enough to just stay in the overall planning of existing resources and "eat as much money as possible".
3.2 Strengthen the influence of leaders. The essence of leadership is influence, and leadership influence is a comprehensive influence, which is the superposition of power influence and non-power influence. Managers can improve their influence by fully understanding the position right as the bottom line and the guarantee of promoting their work, but it is not the only effective force or even the most important driving force.
3.3 Enhance the affinity of leaders. Fidler, an American management scientist, believes that "superior-subordinate relationship" is the first environmental factor that determines the effectiveness of leadership style. The higher the subordinate's love, respect and trust for the leader, the higher the degree of attacking and following the leader, and the greater the power and influence of the leader. If leaders want to enhance their influence, they must improve their affinity. The direct embodiment of affinity is communication ability.
3.4 Improve the learning ability of leaders. The era of knowledge economy is an era in which learning society and learning organization stand out. Learning ability has become an important competitiveness, and improving learning ability has become a basic requirement for every organization and individual, as well as for every leader. One of the specific functions of leaders is education. An important role of leaders is to position themselves as counselors and teachers, study hard and attach importance to employees' learning, pursue education and guide employees with advanced ideas and positive spirit, cultivate and enhance employees' values, change employees' cognition, form advanced organizational culture and spirit, and continuously improve the innovation ability and competitiveness of organizations.
4. Conclusion
The effectiveness of leadership is the key to the success or failure of an organization, and it is of great significance to enhance the leadership of organizational leaders to realize the sustainable development of the organization. The ability of critical learning and reflection is the inherent ability of excellent leadership and the ability to realize change and development in practice. This paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve leaders' leadership from four dimensions: decision-making power, influence, affinity and learning power.
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