(1) Steps to identify environmental factors
L the process of selecting an organization (activity, product or service)
Determine the environmental factors of the accompanying process
L determine the environmental impact
② Classification of environmental factors
L discharge or treatment of pollutants such as water, gas, sound and slag.
L consumption of energy, resources and raw materials
L environmental issues and requirements of interested parties
L others
③ Basis for determining environmental factors
L objectively has or may have an environmental impact.
L laws, regulations and requirements are clearly defined.
L positive or negative
When requested by interested parties.
L others
⑤ Classification of methods for identifying environmental factors
Material balance
L product life cycle
L questionnaire survey
L expert consultation
L On-site observation (inspection and interview)
L brainstorming
L access to documents and records
L measurement
L level comparison-internal comparison, comparison with the same industry or other industries
Vertical comparison-the comparison between the present and the past of the organization
Each of the above methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and they need to be combined in the specific implementation of identification. Here are some methods: questionnaire evaluation is to obtain information about environmental factors through a series of questions prepared in advance, on-the-spot investigation and personnel conversation. The design of the questionnaire should follow the principles of comprehensiveness and the combination of qualitative and quantitative. The content of the questionnaire should cover all environmental factors, products and related upstream and downstream environmental issues in the organization's activities as far as possible. Different departments in an organization can use the same design questionnaire. Although this is not targeted to some extent, it is not practical to design a survey paper for a department. Questions in a typical questionnaire may include the following:
L what air pollutants are produced? What is the concentration and total amount of pollutants?
L what water pollutants are produced? What is the concentration and total amount of pollutants?
L What toxic and harmful chemicals are used? What is the quantity?
How to consider environmental issues in product design?
What emergency? What preventive measures have been taken?
L What is the consumption of water, electricity, coal and oil? What is the result compared with the same industry and previous years?
L what environmental protection equipment are there? What is the maintenance status?
L What toxic and harmful solid wastes are produced? How to deal with it?
What is the main noise source? Is the factory boundary up to standard?
Do the residents have any complaints? Have you done any research?
The above is only a part of the questionnaire survey, and institutions can formulate a complete questionnaire outline according to the actual situation. -Observation, interview and identification of environmental factors
On-the-spot observation and interview are the most effective methods to identify the environmental factors on the spot quickly and directly. These environmental factors may have significant environmental impacts, or have potential significant environmental impacts, and some of them have environmental risks. For example:
& ampOslash observed a lot of traces of waste engine oil flowing out of the factory;
& ampOslash asked the on-site staff and replied, "No toxic substances were used here", but toxic substances were found in the corner of the site;
& ampOslash employees don't know whether the organization has an environmental management system, but the organization does have some environmental systems;
& ampOslash found black smoke from the chimney of the boiler room;
& ampOslash heard the harsh noise from the factory building;
All kinds of wastes in the & ampOslash garbage dump are mixed together, including metal, oilcloth cotton cloth, chemical packaging bottles, a large number of packaging boxes, domestic garbage and so on.
On-the-spot interview and observation can also reveal other current situations of the organization's environmental management, such as defects in environmental awareness, training, information exchange and operation control, and on the other hand, find some opportunities for the organization to enhance its competitiveness. If it is a preliminary environmental review, the reviewer can also make some effective suggestions to the site manager on the establishment or operation of the future system. -Collect written documents and identify environmental factors.
There are valuable environmental management information and various documents in general organizations, and inspectors should carefully review these documents and materials. Documents and materials to be noted include:
L pollutant discharge permit, license and authorization;
L waste treatment, transportation records and cost information;
L monitoring and analysis records;
Operating rules and procedures of the facility;
L past site use investigation and review;
Records of exchanges with law enforcement authorities;
L internal and external complaint records;
L maintain records and site planning;
L safety parameters of toxic and harmful chemicals;
L Material use and production process records and accident reports;
L Water, discharge and sewage charges;
L. prices of energy, resources and accessories;