The quality of professional managers (the quality of managers)
A manager is a person who assists business owners to perform their business management duties with his professional management ability. His ability to run a modern enterprise must give the entrusted shareholders a high degree of trust and due return.
Managers need the following professional abilities, called KAS. K refers to having enough professional knowledge, such as business knowledge, government regulations, product industry knowledge, scientific and technological knowledge, management knowledge, etc. A refers to professional attitude, such as positive and enthusiastic work attitude, being responsible for abiding by the law, keeping business secrets, not engaging in work that is contrary to the interests of the company, being able to cooperate with others and being willing to train subordinates. S refers to skilled work skills, including thinking ability, organizational ability, performance management ability and professional ability.
From the perspective of thinking ability, as a manager, a clear mind can do things well. Therefore, cultivating managers' thinking ability is the most important, but also the most abstract and difficult to cultivate. Thinking ability is manifested in three aspects: making plans, making decisions and solving problems.
The first discipline: make a plan
The first step of management is to make a plan. The first article in Sun Tzu's Art of War, "Starting with a plan", shows that all operations begin with calculation and a plan. The management cycle PDCA of Dr. Deming, a master of quality control, also begins with planning, so the first task as a manager is to make a clear and effective work plan. Whether it is long-term strategic planning, such as annual marketing planning, annual budget, quality improvement plan, or short-term strategic planning, such as personnel recruitment plan, new product listing plan, organization of company sports meeting, etc. , need to be applied to the planning ability. The key skill is to distinguish three different types of plans, namely, non-daily project management plans with specific goals, daily management plans for daily work and disposal plans for dealing with problems. In addition, we should be able to distinguish between goals and objectives and set reasonable goals, not just based on past figures. Tools should include the application of target tree, SMART rules, priority ranking method, mental image method, Gantt chart, PERT chart, etc.
Rule 2: Make decisions.
The manager's duty is to make decisions and lead the implementation. There are many variables in the process of planning and implementation, so we must make careful decisions. The consequence of wrong decision is failure. Correct decision-making is the foundation of success. For example, should we attack or defend strategically? Should talents be trained internally or hired externally? How much should the product be priced? How is the budget allocated? What kind of media should I choose for advertising? Decisions need to be made anywhere. There are competitors' variables, time and resource constraints, the possibility of insufficient or wrong information, moral pressure and human burden. This is an important ability to make correct decisions. Intel President Grove once said, "We are not particularly smart, but the decisions we make in the competition are more correct than our competitors." Decision-making skills include premise assumption, reasoning ability, logical collection, sorting, analysis and induction ability, logical judgment, game theory, psychological quality under pressure, how to avoid thinking mode and wrong systematic thinking, etc. Tools include matrix method, decision tree, computer simulation, sand table deduction, weighted index, logic principle, subconscious principle, system model and so on.
The third discipline: solving problems
Napoleon said that "difficulty only proves the degree of a great man", which shows that solving problems is an important task for managers and the best way to test a person's ability. No enterprise is without problems, whether it is poor quality, insufficient production capacity, inaccurate delivery, insufficient manpower, low morale, financial distress, outdated equipment, backward technology, declining market share and so on. Who can solve these problems will be reused. Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill said, "Success means shouldering heavy responsibilities and facing more difficult problems". The skills needed to solve problems are to define problems, collect data, analyze problems, find out the root causes of problems, and use creativity to find solutions. Auxiliary tools include problem tree, fishbone diagram, Pareto diagram, V-loop, KJ method, brain stimulation method, creative thinking method and so on.
From the perspective of performance management ability, managers receive salary, enjoy welfare and reward enterprises with performance. A professional manager who can't produce performance is like a camera that can't take clear photos. They had high expectations, but they didn't perform well in the end. Therefore, the reality that professional managers must face is to create first-class performance, otherwise they will only be laid off. The competition of enterprises is extremely realistic, and every input without output will reduce the competitiveness. Therefore, as a manager, how to help enterprises improve their performance is the core skill, among which setting standards, controlling results and evaluating performance are the three key skills.
Article 4 Discipline: Setting standards
No rules can't make Fiona Fang, and enterprises that lack standards are particularly difficult to operate. Things in enterprises can be divided into two categories: one is periodic, regular and routine, such as employee recruitment, production planning and quality inspection; The other is special and unconventional, such as the new factory building, computerization. Professional managers should first standardize the previous task as much as possible to facilitate the normal operation of the organization; Then concentrate on special tasks. Many enterprises fail to standardize and standardize routine tasks, and the reform takes up a lot of energy of managers. They are not only at a loss in deployment, but also have to report everything, which is inefficient. The specific skills of formulating standards are to determine the items that need standardization, job analysis, job research, evaluation and formulation of reasonable standards, formation of written materials, training, etc. The tools used include flow chart, control chart, list, classification, action research, etc.
Article 5 Discipline: Result Control
In order to present effective results, organizations should not only make good decisions, but also need the ability to implement them. During this period, how to effectively control quality, cost, progress and service level depends on the high skills of professional managers. Too much management, stumbling everywhere, low morale and low efficiency; Inadequate control, prone to loopholes, increased costs and uncertain quality. The test of control ability mainly includes several aspects: distinguishing the things that should be managed and the things that should not be managed, promoting the post-event disposal to pre-event management and in-event management, promoting the willingness and ability to deploy independent management, and gradually evolving from external control to self-management. Tools need to use seven QC methods, seven new QC methods, task crossing methods, kanban management, etc.
Article 6 Discipline: Performance evaluation
Employees expect their efforts to be encouraged and rewarded, and the morale in the organization is also greatly affected by the fairness of the assessment. In order to make employees have good performance in the short term, we can use threats and inducements, but if we want to establish sustained performance, we need fair and reasonable assessment methods and incentive mechanisms to make people willing to work hard for the future. Performance appraisal involves corporate culture-what kind of people should be rewarded? Organizational form-production? Service career? Innovation? What is the cost type? And the ability of the organization-management maturity, financial ability, shareholder support, etc. More attention should be paid to the level of employee demand satisfaction. For example, a salary increase is effective at first, but it will eventually lose excitement and motivation. Performance appraisal skills include typing key performance indicators from a strategic perspective, transforming performance indicators into employee behavior standards, face-to-face communication skills for formulating performance standards and evaluation results, the ability of performance review and guidance, and incentive strategies for employees with different personalities. Tools need to balance performance evaluation, weighted index method, listening skills, observation methods and consulting skills.
The above three skills are important skills to improve organizational performance, as well as the source of power to ensure the continuous progress of organizational members, and the basis for organizations to transform past experience into future competitiveness.
From the perspective of organizational ability, the tombstone of Carnegie, the American steel king, is engraved with the words "There is a person who is better at using than himself", which is just about the organizational ability that professional managers should have. The organization of modern enterprises is becoming more and more complex, and members come from all directions. International enterprises are faced with multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and highly differentiated teams. Faced with such an environment, how to make a group of people organize quickly, concentrate on the same goal, work harmoniously, trust and support each other, ensure consistent working methods or maintain the same working goals. At this time, the organizational function of professional managers will become the decisive factor, and the organizational ability mainly includes team building, leadership ability and the ability to cultivate subordinates. Seventh discipline: Team building A team is different from a group. A group may be just a mob, and it doesn't have high combat capability. A team must have three elements to be called a team: first, the goal should be concentrated, second, the relationship should be harmonious and interactive, and third, the working methods should be consistent and appropriate.
Team skills are often used in organizations, such as construction workers who want to compete for the Luban Award on the construction site, shopping guides who improve their performance in chain stores to ensure customer satisfaction, and all employees of the A-A football team who strive for the upper reaches. These are typical team organizations that widely use team skills. Team building skills mainly include the ability to establish the same vision and goals, the ability to reconcile and apply differences among members, the ability to formulate the same norms, the integration of new members, and the learning of experience, so as to guide the team to find a positive direction and promote healthy conflicts. Specific tools include: in-depth talks, inquiry and defense, team motivation, TA activities, questionnaires and internal marketing.
The eighth discipline: leadership ability
A United Nations organization pointed out that the scarcest resource in the 2 1 century is leaders, that is, those who can constantly surpass themselves, be strict with themselves, take care of the overall situation, convince the public and produce positive results.
When the Woods are big, there are all kinds of birds. How to make all kinds of people in the organization work together effectively? How to promote subordinates from superficial obedience to sincere dedication? How to revive the morale of people with low morale? How to make successful people not stagnate because of complacency? How to prevent careless people from causing great disasters? How to make people with different interests support each other? All these depend on the leadership ability of professional managers. Leadership skills mainly include distinguishing the characteristics and present situation of subordinates, choosing appropriate leadership style, emotional cognition, control and adjustment, inspiring ability, shaping * * * knowledge, firm belief and willpower. Tools include solving subordinates' readiness, relationship behavior, command behavior, emotional intelligence adjustment, stress relief and new year remodeling.
Article 9 Discipline: Training subordinates
Since ancient times, China people have the habit of saving their skills. As the saying goes, disciple is hungry, master. In the past, because the main body of the economy was personal productivity, the acquisition and exchange of information was very slow, so anyone with exclusive secret recipes or martial arts secrets must be well hidden to show uniqueness and uniqueness. But now the organization is different from before, and it is impossible to break through the world by one person's unique skills. If an enterprise wants to succeed, it needs to recruit talents. However, talents are not born, and what schools can teach is limited, and there are great differences among enterprises. Therefore, effectively cultivating subordinates is an important key ability. Therefore, in the book of futurist John Nesby, it is mentioned that "future managers will change from supervisors to coaches and mentors". Nowadays, information flows rapidly. If you don't teach your subordinates, they will learn in the near future, but you will lose your professional leadership ability, which means that you are not his master and will lack respect and belief. In order to meet the competition, Acer Computer in Taiwan Province Province has strongly established this culture of not leaving one hand behind. Evaluating a manager's ability is not only the effectiveness of his work, but also his important responsibility for improving his subordinates' ability. Cultivating subordinates' abilities includes the ability to assess training needs, formulate training objectives, compile training materials, various teaching methods, apply teaching tools and evaluate training effects. There are various investigation methods, goal tree, mental image method, teaching skills, teaching equipment, ice-breaking skills and so on.
Team building, leadership, and training subordinates are extremely challenging and extremely painful or gratifying. It is particularly noteworthy that if professional managers just want to express themselves and only use the above skills as tools, without sincere care for subordinates and team members, then in the near future, they will certainly taste the consequences. Since ancient times, China people's way of self-cultivation is "honesty, integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" from the inside out, so sincere intention is the key to success by using organizational skills.
Be a man and do things in a measured way. An actor should act like him, and as a professional manager, he should act like a professional manager. The appearance of this professional is reflected in his professional style. When Mr Grove, president of Intel, visited China, Lenovo executives said, "International entrepreneurs are different. No matter what they say or do in private or at a press conference, they behave like professionals. " . Winning respect requires not only success and wealth, but also professional style, which is manifested in presiding over meetings, communication and personal management.
Article 10 Discipline: Preside over meetings.
Peter drucker said, "The manager is either doing something or having a meeting." Although it is a bit of a joke, it also shows that the meeting is an important activity in the organization to communicate information, exchange opinions and form decisions. Since meetings are so frequent, how to hold them well is an important thing. There are three main types of meetings. One is a seminar to exchange opinions and information, such as the production and marketing coordination meeting. One is a communication meeting to convey and release information, such as a press conference. The other is * * * knowledge-based meetings, such as the annual staff commendation meeting, which mainly produces * * * knowledge and motivation. Meetings have different types, purposes, objects, venue layout and hosting methods. How to distinguish the meeting types, prepare before the meeting, choose topics, confirm the participants, arrange the venue, arrange the seats, and how the host controls the venue and time, how to make meeting minutes, how to handle disputes, how to guide speeches, how to make conclusions, how to follow up after the meeting, and how to coordinate unfinished matters are all skills that professional managers should have.
Eleventh discipline: communication and expression
The progress of human civilization is directly related to the way of communication. Confucius taught 3,000 disciples to establish Confucianism; Kyle Poirot went to China to spread China culture to Europe; Xuanzang, the Tang priest, went to Tianzhu to learn Buddhist scriptures and was introduced into Buddhism. This is the way for early humans to transmit ideas and culture. With the printing, a large number of printed books further expanded the influence and spread speed. The invention of modern telex, telephone, radio, television, fax and even the Internet has made information exchange global and instant. Therefore, the quality and speed of information dissemination determine the degree of civilization progress. The same is true within the company. Organizations that are good at communication make faster progress, have higher ability to prevent problems and have stronger cultural unity.
Communication methods can be divided into written and oral. Business plan, memorandum, work record, investigation report, letter, advertising copy, e-mail, product description and other written forms. Oral expressions such as speeches, presiding over meetings, interviews with reporters, staff training, sales instructions, purchase agreements, business negotiations, etc. On the other hand, it can be said that the main task of managers is constant communication. Therefore, it is necessary for every professional manager to cultivate clear, accurate and effective communication and expression skills. The expression skills mainly lie in the confirmation of the purpose, understanding the receiver, clear logic, rhetorical ability, and the collocation of tone, body language and expression.
Article 12 Discipline: Personal Management
Tolstoy said that "people often want to change others, but few people are willing to change themselves". Peter Senge's The Fifth Discipline begins with "self-transcendence". Mencius said that "everything happens for a reason" is also about how to break through the predicament by reflecting on yourself. As a professional manager, you should have this kind of accomplishment, and be willing to start from yourself, constantly surpass yourself, break through yourself, set an example by yourself and become an example for your subordinates. In the field of sports, professional players demand more from themselves than amateur players, which is not only to win the competition, but also an attitude towards life. Personal management should start with time management. Peter drucker said, "Unless you manage your time well, you can't manage other things well." This is also the case. Everything in life takes a long or short time to complete, and time is just the fairest thing. Everyone has only 24 hours a day. Therefore, the success or failure of life, the quality of performance and the rise and fall of the company all depend on the working hours of every manager every day. When you do this, you can't do anything else, so how to use your time effectively is the primary task of personal management. Secondly, lifelong learning, peter drucker said: "In the future, enterprise learning will replace experience and become the most important thing in an organization, especially systematic learning".