During the dry years of the paper industry (1736 ~ 1795), two families, Su and Luo, in Nanqin, Shangzhou, began to manufacture and sell paper with lime water. Later, villagers followed suit, and many practitioners followed suit. At the end of Daoguang, Juck Zhang, a papermaker from Pucheng, came to Baiduo Mountain to mix rags and linen in the structure to make paper, which improved the quality of paper making. By the early years of the Republic of China, there were more than 300 paper mills in South Qinchuan, and the output of paper products increased greatly. Merchants from Xi 'an and Huayin in this province, as well as from Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan and other places helped merchants transport, which became a large number of handmade products exported by Shangzhou at that time. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, domestic paper was in short supply. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), the local government hired Pei, a paper expert, to guide the operation. Pei drew up some improvement methods, such as reforming paper-making methods, increasing water resistance of paper and improving easy writing, which were adopted by the county government. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the county governor Ren Min Township (now Yangyuhe Township) organized a paper production cooperative, borrowed money to order a calender, and sent paper workers to Xi 'an Paper Experimental Field to study. The paper made by the new technology is fine, clean, tough, easy to print calligraphy and painting, and has strong water resistance. Xi 'an newspapers are scrambling to buy it. By 1949, there were more than 400 paper mills in Nanqinchuan. In addition, there are more than 10 workshops specializing in making black paper in Dajing and Xijing, and there are also papermaking workshops in Liujiazhuang and Wangjiawan in Shi Yao.
Textile Industry In the Ming Dynasty, people in Shangzhou used Gejiao to weave cloth. In the Qing Dynasty, women in both urban and rural areas could spin cotton and weave cloth. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), there were hosiery machine workshops and five looms in the city, which produced 60 pairs of socks every day. In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), the production was stopped due to unsalable products. It resumed production in 27 years (1938) and closed down three years later. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the governor of Shangxian Bank, Yongchun Yang Ji 10 shares, invested 3,000 yuan to buy 2 looms and 3 towel machines, and hired an technician to set up a "textile factory", which was the first machine factory in Shangxian. In the 30th year of the Republic of China (194 1), the gentry merchants in Dajing Town raised funds to buy 10 machines and more than 65,438 wood-like looms, and set up "Minsheng Textile Factory". However, due to the high price of foreign yarn and heavy miscellaneous donations, both factories closed after the production of 1 year.
Sewing industry In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), a tailor named Zhao in Chengguan set up 1 sewing machine to sew fashion. By the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), there were five machine sewing shops in the city, and by the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), there were more than 20. By 1949, there are 26 sewing shops in the city. There are also a few sewing shops in rural market towns such as Heilongkou, Shahezi and Montenegro.
Printing and dyeing industry In the Qing Dynasty, dye houses in urban and rural areas of Shangzhou used indigo and limewater in Longjuzhai as the color of fabrics. During the Republic of China, magenta, cyan and other dyes entered Shangxian County and were adopted by dyehouses. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), there were 16 printing and dyeing rooms in the city, with an annual output of more than 300 normal blue printed fabrics. Printed color patterns include seven-point plum, lotus carp, two dragons playing with pearls, lion rolling hydrangea and so on. By 1949, there are 24 printing and dyeing rooms in the city.
Ceramic products industry During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, there were two kilns in Xianshen Temple in southwest Guizhou, namely, East Kiln, Urn, Pot, Pot and Lamp, which were collectively called "Shang Porcelain". Dazhaoyu and Beiquan villages all make casseroles, casseroles, pots and cans. The casserole baked by Dajing Yuqian is exported to Zhen 'an and other places. Urn kilns in Xiong 'er Mountain and Ziyugou (now Danfeng County) specialize in producing urns, jars and pots. There are also small-scale porcelain kilns in Caomiaogou and Shangqinchuan.
Brick and tile industry During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the brick and tile manufacturing industry in Shangzhou has taken shape. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the brick kilns in Dazhaoyu and Beiquan Village were already very famous. According to the statistics in the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), there are more than 300 brick kilns in China, of which the large kilns can hold 20,000 watts, and the small kilns can hold 5,000 bricks and 8,000 bricks (pages). In addition to firing ordinary bricks and tiles, it can also fire glazed translucent flower ridges, printing plates, ridge beasts, cloud tiles, simplified bricks, dripping bricks, dog-head bricks and so on.
In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), there were 1 ~ 2 lithographs in Shangxian county, which mainly printed small pieces such as business cards and envelopes. In 28 years (1939), the number of lithography machines increased to 6. By 1949, there are three lithographs in the urban area, which mainly print stationery, envelopes, official documents and books.
The tobacco industry in the Republic of China 10 (192 1), and Li Zaicheng West Street invited Henan tobacco farmer Wang to open a "Xianfutang" tobacco workshop, and purchased tobacco leaves from Xichuan, Lushi and Pingliang, Henan, and made them into hookahs for sale. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), eight hookah workshops were established in the city. Later, as cigarettes entered the market, hookahs gradually disappeared. In the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), 30 households including Chen Wenxuan and Yan Baoshan of Jesse raised 3000 yuan to buy/kloc-0 cigarette machine, and established Nongfeng cigarette factory, with a daily output of 5000 cigarettes. In April of the following year, it closed down because of unbearable tax burden.
Food and beverage industry The cakes, dried noodles, candy, wine and other foods and beverages needed for folk weddings and birthdays are all made by skilled craftsmen among the villagers, and there is no fixed production workshop. In the Republic of China 18 (1929), Liu opened a sugar workshop in Xiguan, where corn was used as raw material to cook pear paste sugar, sesame sugar and melon sugar for sale. The following year, Zhao brewed yellow wine in Tuxiang for sale.
Oil-pressing and wax-making industries produce many oil-pressing raw materials locally, such as soybean, castor, cottonseed, medicinal seeds, hemp seeds, sesame seeds, walnuts and tung trees. Methods include squeezing, twisting, bumping, etc. There are many local oil mills in urban and rural areas. During the Republic of China, local oil was not only supplied to villagers, but also sold to Xi 'an and other places. In addition, villagers generally use lacquer oil and wood oil to make wax, mostly for commemorative purposes. During the Republic of China, it was mostly sold in Luonan and Huayin.
In other industries, local craftsmen include carpenters, masons, masons and so on. And their industries are mostly handed down by blood relatives, working part-time. Bamboo cages, back cages and pu baskets made by craftsmen in Heilongkou and Chishuiyu sell well all over the country. During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1574 ~ 16 19), Shangzhou had cultivated land of 164938 mu. Qing Shunzhi seven years (1650), cultivated land 185600 mu. Qianlong seven years (1742), more than 267,000 mu of cultivated land. In 35 years of the Republic of China (1946), the cultivated land was 447,483 mu, and the cultivated land per capita was 6. 1 mu. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, 1949 has 570 173 mu of cultivated land, 1952 has 606730 mu, and 1980 has 4845/kloc-0 mu. 1988 ~ 1992 land resources survey results show that 1990 the city's cultivated land area was 7 1523 1.4 mu (the annual statistical report area was 399,494 mu), including 9039.5 mu of irrigated land and water. Cultivated land is mainly distributed in terraces, valley basins and gentle slopes along the banks of rivers such as Danjiang, Shi Yao, Qin Nan and Banqiao. Vertical distribution is mainly in low mountains, hills and valley basins below 1000 meters above sea level. The distribution of cultivated land in each landform area is as follows: the hilly area is 308,693.8 mu, accounting for 43. 16% of the total cultivated land area. There are many cultivated drylands in this area, accounting for 47.02% of the city's drylands, mainly sloping fields and terraced drylands, with deep soil layers and fertile soil; The valley plain covers an area of 25843 1. 1 mu, accounting for 36. 13% of the total cultivated land area. This area is called "cabbage heart" because of its flat terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, good water conservancy conditions and high degree of agricultural intensification. The middle and high mountain area is 148 124.5 mu, accounting for 20.7 1% of the cultivated land area. The cultivated land in this area is mainly sloping land and leisure land, with poor soil quality, running water, soil fertility and serious soil erosion.
By the end of 2003, there have been six pollution-free medicine source bases 18 in the whole region, six pollution-free vegetables and edible fungi bases such as garlic, carrot in Shahezi and Agaricus bisporus in Yangyuhe in Liuwan, and nine pollution-free animal products bases such as Xiaoyi, Shahezi, Mu Huguan and Dajing. The region has developed 654.38+10,000 mu of Chinese herbal medicines, with a total output value of 654.38+100 million yuan; 65,000 mu of vegetables with a total output value of 78.75 million yuan; 5.5 million bags of edible fungi and 2 million square meters of gastrodia elata, with a total output value of 53 million yuan; Agriculture has developed in a highly healthy way, with the output of meat, eggs and milk reaching 1.78 million tons, 5,000 tons and 900 tons respectively, and the total output value of animal husbandry reaching 1. 1 100 million yuan. At the same time, eco-tourism projects such as Mu Huguan Summer Resort will be taken as the leader to promote the development of local natural pollution-free agricultural products such as purple beans and assorted fruits. Agricultural products such as Shangshan Platycodon grandiflorum, Xiaoyi Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Shangzhou Gastrodia elata, Xiaoyi Persimmon, Heilongkou White Striped Meat, Heilongkou Tofu, Dajing Livestock and Poultry have produced certain brand effects both inside and outside the province. Shangzhou District is located in the hinterland of Qinling Mountains, with mild climate and abundant rainfall, which is the best producing area of Chinese herbal medicines. There are more than 800 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines in China, and more than 40 kinds are on sale/kloc-0. Known as the "natural drug storehouse", it is the main producing area of rare medicinal materials such as Gastrodia elata, Platycodon grandiflorum, Erhua and Astragalus in Shaanxi.
By the end of 20 12, Shangzhou district had vigorously implemented the strategy of "strong industrial area" and actively developed the production of Chinese herbal medicines in combination with the adjustment of rural industrial structure, and the Chinese herbal medicine industry in the whole region had begun to take shape. In 2003, the planting area reached 65.438+10,000 mu, the output was 35,000 tons, and the output value was 65.438+0 billion yuan, which were 25%, 654.38+ 0.3 times and 654.38+0.6% higher than that in 2000 respectively. There are 18 drug source bases with a certain scale, including Liuwan Baimu Chinese Herbal Medicine Demonstration Park, Yangyuhe Danshen Base, Dazhaoyu Pu Liang, Baiyangdian Tangzhaizi, Yuyuan 3,000mu Dioscorea zingiberensis Base, Dajingyanchuan/kloc-0,000mu Danshen Base, Xiaoyi/kloc-0,000mu Astragalus,/kloc-0,000mu. Great progress has been made in 13 backbone varieties such as Dioscorea zingiberensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Gastrodia elata, Platycodon grandiflorum, Radix Astragali, Bupleuri Radix, Radix Isatidis, Scutellariae Radix, Cortex Moutan, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Flos Erhua, Fructus Schisandrae, Cornus officinalis, etc. Among them, Salvia miltiorrhiza passed the national GAP certification in 2003, and the development of GAP projects of Bupleuri Radix, Radix Platycodi and Scutellariae Radix is striving for national certification. There are 10 Chinese herbal medicine trade associations in the whole region, which play an active role in the training of drug farmers and the promotion of Chinese herbal medicines.