In recent years, the application of bank acceptance bills has become more and more extensive. It is precisely because of the special function of bank acceptance bills that banks accept bank acceptance bills drawn by other banks as collateral for credit business, which is increasingly adopted by banks. However, in recent years, among all kinds of bill crimes in practice, bank acceptance bill fraud has the highest incidence rate and the most prominent harm. Criminals take advantage of some basic institutions of banks' unfamiliarity with new business, weak internal management and imperfect system to cheat, such as using false purchase and sale contracts to defraud bank acceptance bills, using forged or altered bills to pledge to banks, defrauding and soliciting funds, and colluding with people inside and outside banks to commit crimes, which have actually caused bank capital risks. In order to prevent the pledge risk of bank acceptance bills, in addition to continuing to strengthen training and education, strengthening system construction and internal control system construction, and strengthening inspection and supervision, we should focus on risk control and prevention from the following aspects, seize the main risk points, and standardize operations. Strictly examine the qualifications and credit standing of pledge applicants. Banks should strictly examine the business license, loan card, power of attorney and various qualification certificates provided by the pledge applicant.