PDCA is the PDCA cycle in quality management, P refers to plan D refers to implementation C refers to inspection A refers to action. PDCA cycle is also called Deming cycle or pdsa for short. Mastering PDCA cycle method skillfully and flexibly is very important to improve the effect and efficiency of quality management system. I. Connotation of PDCA Cycle The "Notes" of clause 0.2 of IS0900 1: 2000 standard point out that PDCA method is applicable to all processes. Its model can be simply described as follows: p- planning: according to customer requirements and organizational policies, establish the necessary goals and processes to provide results; D- implementation: implementation process; C- inspection: monitoring and measuring the process and products according to the policies, objectives and product requirements, and reporting the results; Disposal: Take measures to continuously improve process performance. 1.PDCA method is applicable to all processes. PDCA cycle theory exists in all fields, including people's professional work and daily life. People are constantly, formally or informally, consciously or unconsciously using it when doing everything and every activity. The main steps of 2.2. PDCA cycle ① Analyze and evaluate the current situation and determine the areas for improvement; (2) Determine the goal of improvement; (3) Looking for possible solutions to achieve these goals; ④ Evaluate these solutions and make a choice; ⑤ Implement the selected solution; ⑥ Measure, verify, analyze and evaluate the implementation results to ensure that these goals can be achieved; ⑦ Formal adoption of changes; When necessary, review the results to determine opportunities for further improvement. Among them, ①, ②, ③ and ④ are P plans; (5) D- realization; 6 is c-check; ⑦, ⑧ is a- disposal. The above is a process, four stages and eight steps that must be followed to solve the problem. Second, the characteristics of PDCA cycle 1. The four stages of PDCA cycle-planning-implementation-inspection-disposal (improvement) are the process of transforming input into output by using resources, and closed-loop management must be formed, and the four stages are indispensable. So, can the four stages of PDCA cycle only be divided into eight steps? I think it can be decided according to the specific situation. 2. The big ring covers the small ring, and the big ring covers the small ring, one ring is buckled, and the small environmental protection big ring promotes the big cycle, as shown in figure 1. Figure 1 large cycle and small cycle In the four stages of PDCA cycle, each stage has its own small PDCA cycle. For example, the management responsibility (5) and resource management (6) of ISO 900 1: 2000 standard are the P stage of PDCA cycle, product realization (7) is the D stage, measurement and analysis (8) is the C stage, and improvement (8) is the A stage. The "corrective measures" in the "improvement" are the small PDCA cycle in the A stage of the big standard PDCA cycle. It should be pointed out that A is the key link in PDCA cycle. Without this link, the achievements can not be consolidated (to prevent the recurrence of problems), people's quality awareness can not be significantly improved, and the problems left over from the last PDCA cycle or new quality problems can not be raised. So pay special attention to stage a.3. Cycle forward and move up (see Figure 2). Figure 2 continuous improvement As can be seen from Figure 2, if PDCA cycle is followed, it can reach a new level; If PDCA cycle is implemented at a new level, it can reach a higher level. In the quality management system, PDCA cycle is a dynamic cycle, which can be developed in every process of an organization or in the whole process system. It is closely related to the product realization process of quality management system and the planning, implementation, control and continuous improvement of other processes. Third, the flexible use of PDCA cycle Kazuo Ikezawa, a famous Japanese quality management expert, advocates the flexible use of PDCA method, which can start with CA and then enter PDCA cycle, that is, first "check" and "dispose" (improve) the implementation effect of the previous cycle, and then enter the "planning" stage. For example, Mr. Chizawa said that when making annual policies, objectives and implementation plans, the realization of the policies and objectives of the previous year should be reviewed, that is, the effect of the PDCA cycle of the previous year should be fully verified before making this year's plan. The author believes that Mr. Qianze's statement is a deepening of the understanding of PDCA cycle. Facts have proved that entering the planning stage unprepared is completely different from entering the planning stage after checking the implementation effect of the last cycle. Therefore, when carrying out PDCA cycle, it is of great significance to pay special attention to CA link and plan on this basis to improve the level and effectiveness of planning.