1936 and 1937, respectively, Germany delivered 23 million and 82 million marks of arms to China, including 150 mm fortress guns (used for Yangtze River defense), anti-aircraft guns, rifles, machine guns, mortars, heavy machine guns, various ammunition, helmets, torpedoes, speedboats and so on. In less than 10 years, the national government initially built a national defense industry and a new army in the Yangtze River basin. It laid a solid foundation for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in the future. At the same time, the basic individual soldiers of the army infantry were also equipped according to the standards of German military forces at that time.
The infantry field equipment includes German or imitation German 1924 7.92mm rifle, German M35 helmet, leather backpack, military blanket, poncho, iron box, kettle, dry food bag, bayonet and leather bullet box. This suit mainly refers to the design of Japanese military system and later German military system, but the design of many individual equipment is the same as that of Germany at that time. Such as dry food bags and bayonets. These fittings can only appear in military parade and formal field training. It is rarely distributed in wartime, so it is a decoration.
The combat equipment used by infantry on the battlefield is relatively simple. For example, the well-known individual bullet bag is a long one made of canvas. There are at least two ways to carry it: one is to use a strip-shaped thing to wrap it around the waist obliquely from the shoulder and then around it again, and finally tie it around the waist with a cloth belt. This magazine can be inserted into nearly 20 magazines, and each magazine can hold/kloc-0 magazines (5 rounds). This method is the most common. According to the textual research of many existing photos, it was adopted by the "German-style" troops. The other is two shorter ones that cross the chest like an "X" or hang down from the shoulders like an inverted "U". There is also the usage of one on the shoulder and one on the waist.
It means that the Central Army of the National Revolutionary Army is armed with a bundle of grenades.
In addition to rifles, each soldier also carries two M24 grenades and puts them in a canvas bag. Hanging on the left and right chests, connected to the neck with thin cloth strips, tied behind the soldiers to be fixed. According to historical records, there are also five or even eight grenades, either hanging on the chest or leaning against the waist. Due to the lack of anti-tank weapons at that time, soldiers even knew nothing about tanks. Therefore, we can only use the extremely tragic way of wearing grenades to attack Japanese tanks.
In addition to the standard German-made Mao Se rifle (1924), other rifles used by the Central Army are various, the most of which are "made in Hanyang" and the derivative models of Mao Se 1904/ 1907, including four-year rifles (6.8 mm in the first year, and 7.92 mm in the fourth year). Because China, like the Japanese army, takes bayonet warfare as a common tactic, the bayonet length is more than 500mm. Especially in China, due to the short guns, the bayonet is 575 mm long, but it is still about 10 mm shorter than that of Japanese March 8th, which is a pity to many people.
Illustrating the Central Army of the National Revolutionary Army, a single soldier holds a medium-sized rifle with a bayonet and a big blade on his back.
German engineers are equipped with three kinds of bullets: pointed bullets, round bullets and heavy pointed bullets, as well as special bullets, such as anti-armor steel-core bullets. China's official series rifles and Czech ZB26 light machine guns use pointed bullets, while "Made in Hanyang" uses round bullets. Although the four-year style is 7.92 mm caliber, some of them use round-headed bullets. Heavy-pointed bullets are specially used for heavy machine guns of 24 or 30 years.
The M35 helmet made in Germany was originally prepared for the newly established German Air Force. After accepting an order of about 220,000 from China, the German Army General Staff immediately instructed to give priority to China. According to the known records, the helmet 15000 M35 was imported on 1936 * * and started to be equipped on 1937. By the outbreak of the Pacific War, M35 was basically distributed to the troops directly under the National Government. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Tie, the 85th Division of the Central Army who came to reinforce, was judged as the main force by the Japanese army for wearing M35 helmet, and suffered heavy losses.
German uniforms are mainly cotton. However, according to Wan Fangcheng, the 88th Division, there were woolen uniforms and woolen coats in winter, camel hair coats in spring and autumn, and khaki short-sleeved shirts and shorts in summer. In fact, officers do have uniforms of this quality, especially the so-called "A-class" yellow-green uniforms.
The military kettle is oval, mainly composed of three parts: kettle, lid and shoulder strap, which is very characteristic of China (flat bottom in Japanese style). The lid of the pot is olive green canvas or woolen cloth, which is usually just a layer of cotton cloth during the difficult period of the Anti-Japanese War. China's kettle has always used a shoulder strap, which is different from the later German kettle hanging on the belt.
The shape of the dry food bag (sundry bag) is slightly different from that of the German style, and the carrying method is the same as that of the early German style, which is also carried with a shoulder strap and later changed to a belt.
The German 1930 gas mask copied by China is similar in appearance to that of Spain, and is not a German gas cylinder accessory. Gongxian Arsenal purchased equipment from Germany in 1934 (23 years of the Republic of China) and prepared to make its own gas mask. 1936, the daily output has reached 250 pairs, and the model is 24 gas masks. There are also factories that produce gas masks, such as Jinling Arsenal and Guangdong Mask Factory (the model produced by Guangdong Mask Factory was later renamed as 42 Arsenal, regardless of the year), and the models are 23, 24, 27 and 42. The gas mask cylinder used by the national government forces may come from the gas mask cylinder made in France before World War II, which is characterized by a horizontal rib pattern, unlike the straight rib pattern used by the Germans in World War II. Due to the large number of the National Revolutionary Army and the lack of materials, gas masks are not all equipped, but are distributed to the units directly under the National Revolutionary Army and some special arms, such as air defense troops, artillery and other units. Due to the Japanese invasion of China, which failed to fulfill the Geneva Conventions and used poisonous gas indiscriminately, the national army lacked gas masks, which brought heavy casualties to the China anti-Japanese soldiers.
The picture shows the Mao Se pistol gunner of the Central Army of the National Army. In order to prevent the holster from shaking, the gunman usually puts on the holster first and then hangs the bullet bag.
China is the country that uses the German Mao Se pistol the most and develops it to the extreme. They are affectionately called "box gun", "mauser gun", "box gun" and "speed machine". In addition, Mao Se pistol has a little-known name-"Zilai", which is actually a more formal generic name in China. Its official name is Mauser military pistol. Mao Se factory was patented on189565438+February 1 1, and it was officially put into production the following year. Because its holster is a wooden box, it is also called a box gun in China. It has full automatic function, also called reducer. The factory in Mao Se is called Schnellfeuer, and it was mass-produced in May of193/kloc-0. Another little-known name is the self-propelled pistol. Many people think that only rapid-fire pistols are self-propelled, which is incorrect. In fact, the self-propelled pistol has always been a formal generic term for this kind of pistol in China.
In the archives of the War Department of Beiyang Government, there is a document, namely1965438+in September 2002, the War Department signed a purchase contract with a German businessman and foreign firm (Carlowitz & Co): "Seven Li 63, 200 Mao Se pistols made by ourselves, with a wooden box, 500 rounds each, and the price is 58 Liang. * * * The total amount of silver is eleven thousand six hundred and twenty. Tianjin wharf delivery. Tariffs are outside. " This is the proof that 19 1 1 (the first year of the Republic of China) used the word "self-drawn pistol", which may be the earliest document example, and the rapid-fire style did not appear until nearly 20 years later. In the United States, because of the shape of the handle, it is generally called broom handle, and the Chinese translation is also called box gun. Many people call the rapid-fire model 7 12, saying that it is made in Mao Se. In fact, this is the catalog number of GECO (Gustavo Glenshaw), which has nothing to do with Mao Se. Many people also call the box gun C96 (Building 96), which is a common name in Europe. Originally refers to the short tube box gun. Like Boluo, it is called the police type. The so-called Bolo, a member of the Bolsheviks from Russia (the predecessor of the Russian Production Party), was used in a large number of 3.9-inch box guns.
China's box gun has four sources:
1. China's arsenals are manufactured by machinery: this box gun has good material and processing quality. Although we still can't get rid of manual assembly and parts can't be interchanged, on the whole, it can almost compete with imported products. Known manufacturers at least include Hanyang Arsenal, Gongxian Arsenal, Dagu Shipyard, Shanxi Military Craft Practice Factory, Chongqing Ordnance Repair Institute, Hengyang Ordnance Bureau, etc.
Illustrate the winter clothes of soldiers of the Central Army of the National Revolutionary Army holding mauser guns.
Second, the production of machine shops, factories and teams: this box gun is an army machine maintenance team. In addition to repairing guns, it also makes some ordnance. For example, the Northwest Machine Repair Shop in Song Dynasty, the Chaling Machine Repair Shop in Xiangxi, and the Fourth Lianggou Research Institute of the Eighth Route Army. There is a big gap between this material and quality. Some mechanical repair shops have good equipment and materials, so their products are better. The machinery repair shops behind enemy lines are the same as the Eighth Route Army, because the sources of steel are cut off, mostly railway steel.
Third, private mobile gun repair and gun-making vendors: this is a special industry, just like going to the doctor. Hebei, Henan, Sichuan and other places are mentioned in historical materials. From one person to several people, make guns for local strongmen, small troops and bandits, live in one place for ten and a half months according to the customer's meaning, and build them by hand. Its quality varies from person to person, and it is generally branded with all the marks of the original factory, which is vivid. Of course, some of them are printed and unintelligible. Maybe they don't look like the original guns, but the master taught them to pass them. Many of these guns are ugly and useless. It's okay to shoot a few times, but if you shoot too much, something will go wrong. Many surface treatments are rough, and you can tell at a glance that they are handmade.
Imported goods: The main sources are Germany and Spain, and they are imported through foreign firms in Shanghai and Tianjin. There is a document1September, 924 10. The War Department signed a contract with Tianjin Suntech Shichang Foreign Firm to purchase 1700 Mao Se pistols with a new German caliber of 763mm, a barrel of 96mm and a gauge of1000m, plus an empty wooden handle and 500 rounds each. The barrel of the box gun in this document is only 3.77 inches, which is quite special. 1934 March 12, Li, deputy manager of CITIC Bureau, reported to Chiang Kai-shek: "On behalf of Chairman, Chongqing ordered 5000 pistols and 20 cartridges. After investigation, it was found that the price of an old German brand of Mao Se and two Spanish imitations (note: Astra Super Azul and Royal) was one yuan and seventy cents lower than that of German guns. Although the structure of the German gun is relatively strong, the gun shaft is slightly short, so that the range is less than 200 meters. If German guns are required to be lengthened when ordering, such as Spanish guns, the range should be the same. In addition, the chairman once telegraphed Chajek pistols and found that the Czech factory did not sell this clam shell, so it merged. " 1936, Ministry of Finance of the National Government, in the expenditure list, there is an item "Buy 20,000 pistols, 20 rounds of bullets, 20 million rounds", with an amount of * * * 2.8 million French francs. Another example is Chiang Kai-shek's telegram to China in business counselor and Boyu Tan: "Wuchang, 1938 March 1: Berlin. Mr. Boyu Tan, Embassy of China: Mi. Please immediately order 300 German Bayi mortars with 3000 shells each. It would be better if it is in stock. We also bought 20,000 pistols and 20 bullets, each with 2,000 bullets. If there is no stock, we can buy other pistols. The sooner the better, please quote in detail as soon as possible. Zhongzheng. " Many German box guns imported through commercial channels are printed with the Chinese words "Made in Germany" on the left side of the magazine. Some people think that the box gun is 10 rounds, which is not correct. Actually, there are six rounds, 10 rounds, and 20 rounds. The first two are fixed magazines, and the latter are mostly external. There are also 20 fixed magazines, but they are extremely rare.
As can be seen from the above documents, from before the Anti-Japanese War to the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, all the purchases made by China were set at 20 rounds, which were of course allocated to the Central Army. Therefore, it is not entirely correct to say that the Central Army mainly distributes 10 Mao Se pistols.
Most of the non-commissioned officers in the ordnance division are equipped with Mao Se "Twenty Rings" automatic pistols. They carry a special leather case with a simple shape, only half of which is open from top to bottom, and the wooden shell leather case of the musket is directly inserted into it. At the same time, it is also equipped with a leather magazine bag for muskets. There are 20 rounds 12 magazines on the front, which are fixed on the back waist with belt buckles, and the Y-shaped shoulder strap supports the magazine group at three points. When dressing, the national army musketeers first put the holster on the left shoulder right rib or the right shoulder left rib back, and then put on the ammunition pack, so that the holster is fixed under the ammunition pack and does not shake.
Illustrate submachine guns of the Central Army of the National Army
The submachine gun (called portable machine gun in China at that time) is an economical and practical single-player melee weapon, especially a light or miniature submachine gun, which is very suitable for charge or counter-charge, as well as hand-to-hand combat in jungle, trench and urban street fighting. Therefore, submachine guns, as one of the important members of the gun family, are still indispensable personal self-defense and combat weapons for infantry, paratroopers, scouts, border guards and security forces. As early as 19 15, in order to meet the needs of positional warfare in World War I, Italy B? Answer? Levelli designed a double-barreled rifle and fired a 9mm pistol, thus laying the foundation for modern submachine guns. 19 18, German H? The first Bergman MP 18 9mm submachine gun designed by messer came out. In the same year, its improved MP 18I submachine gun was officially equipped with the German army. The initial development period of submachine guns was in the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, many countries did not know enough about the tactical functions of submachine guns, so there were not many product models. Represents a submachine gun with an Italian villa? Perosa and Beretta M 1938A, Bergman MP 18I and MP38, Spain MX 1935 and T? n？ Series 35, MKIO, Switzerland, Thompson M 1928A 1 USA, USSR 1934/38. These submachine guns are limited in production and use because of their complex structure, high cost, large volume and mass, and poor safety and reliability. In the 1920s and 1930s, China's army also imported a large number of MP 18 submachine guns from Germany (China once called it "Hua Machine Gun", which was actually an export version of the MP 18 submachine gun from Schmeisser, Germany). The gun is 832mm long and weighs 4. 1kg. The magazine can hold 32 9mm bullets with a muzzle velocity of 3,990. The range is about 70 meters. Because the performance of MP 18 submachine gun is not excellent, it has not become the standard of our soldiers. It is only distributed as a standard weapon on the battlefield to non-commissioned officers above the squad leader, or as a vital weapon to the national army commando.
In the 1920s and 1930s, China's army imported a large number of 9mm Bergman MP 18 submachine guns from Germany (China once called its export version "Flower Organ"), with a total length of 832mm and a weight of 4. 1kg, a magazine capacity of 32 rounds, a muzzle velocity of 395m/s and a range of about 70m. Because of its complex structure, high cost, heavy volume and poor reliability, it has not become the standard equipment for soldiers. Only issued to non-commissioned officers above the squad leader, it is a standard weapon on the battlefield, equipped with MP 18 special leather six-box magazine suit. The handling method is the same as that of musketeers.
The gunners of the National Revolutionary Army are generally non-commissioned officers around the squad leader. They are equipped with 9mm Bergman MP 18 submachine guns. In addition to their personal carrying equipment, they are also equipped with six bags of leather magazines dedicated to their submachine guns, which can hold six magazines (32 bullets each). The magazine bag used for MP 18 submachine gun is the same as that used by musketeers, and it is also tied with Y-shaped shoulder strap and belt buckle at the back.
ZB-26 light machine gun: During World War I, the participating troops began to notice the need to develop light rapid-fire weapons, which were carried by infantry and provided powerful firepower at any time. Therefore, portable light machine guns (or submachine guns) using pistol bullets and light machine guns using rifle bullets have been developed. The same feature is that both can shoot automatically, providing support fire for infantry. Germans improved MG08 into MG08/ 15/ and MG08/ 18 light machine guns, Bai Langning's 19 18 automatic rifles, British Lewis light machine guns and French Qiao Qi. 1920, Vaclav Holek began to design a new type of light machine gun in Parga Zbroyovka-Prague armory. His design concept comes from Rudolf Jelan, another designer in the same factory. The first prototype gun, named Praga I, used the canvas magazine of Maxim machine gun and submitted it to the Czech Ministry of Defence for testing. The test results are comparable to those of the famous Bai Langning, Madsen and Vickers, and the Ministry of National Defense requires Prague Ordnance Factory to continue research and development.
1923, the Czech Ministry of Defence published a test standard to choose automatic rifles or light machine guns for the future Czech army. Praga ·IIA also took part in this test, which was second only to Madison light machine gun. Halek continued to improve his design and manufactured the Prague I-23, which adopted the functions of telescopic stock, quick barrel replacement, tripod and so on. Although the test result is still not as good as Madison's, it was finally adopted because it was a local design. At this time, Prague Ordnance Factory was on the verge of bankruptcy, and Chalik and most technicians had left their jobs. Therefore, the light machine gun of Prague Ordnance Factory has been adopted by Czech Ministry of Defence, but it has been unable to produce. 1925165438+1October, Prague Ordnance Factory signed a production contract with Bono's state-owned arsenal (Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Akciova Spolecnost V Brno), authorizing the state-owned arsenal to produce and sell the light machine gun then known as M24. Brnn (German for Brnn) is the capital of the Morof region in the southeastern Czech Republic, which means mountain city in Celtic. Slavs have lived here since the 5th century, and Germans have entered this area since the13rd century, making contributions to the development of this area. Before World War II, most local residents were descendants of Germany. Czech state-owned arsenal in Bono was established in 1922, of which 75% belongs to Czech government, 20% belongs to Skoda factory and 5% belongs to employees. At that time, the 98/22 model of Mao Se had been produced and sold to the armies of various countries, including the Northeast Army of China, which was well received. Chalik then joined the state-owned arsenal to help complete the production blueprint and production tolerance. The pilot model is Lehky kulomet Praga vzor 26, and the sample gun passed the acceptance of Czech Ministry of Defence in April 1926. Mass production began in the same year, and it was named Zbrojovka Brno vzor 26-ZB-26.
The following year, China began to import a large number of ZB-26 light machine guns and copied them in large quantities. According to the data of Zbrane Pro Cely Svet, 30249 ZB-26 light machine guns were delivered to China from 1927- 1939.
During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, the average monthly output of the arsenal of the National Government was 4 14, and the average battle damage was 5 15, accounting for 86%. In 96 months and 8 years, 39,744 Czech light machine guns were produced. The actual average annual supply in wartime is 10685, which exceeds the average annual war loss, but the difference is that it is purchased or obtained through the lease act.
Photo National Revolutionary Army Central Army Light Machine Gun Shooter
Light machine gun shooter
Mainly equipped with ZB26 light machine guns and special packages. The leather or canvas bag can hold 6 magazines, and the two shoulder straps cross at the back to form an "X" shape. Generally, you don't wear a belt after hanging the bullet bag. In addition, the light machine gunner is equipped with a kettle, a dry food bag and a mauser gun for self-defense. Basic individual equipment. Some also have cotton crescent shawls to protect shoulders and reduce the wear and tear of military uniforms.
Give an example of an officer in the cavalry division of the national army
cavalry
Cavalry is a traditional arms with a history of thousands of years, and it has a glorious history as the infantry. In the era of cold weapons, cavalry is absolutely indispensable for both Chinese and foreign troops. Moreover, in ancient times, when productivity was extremely limited, livestock were very important to the country and people. Therefore, the number of cattle and horses has become a measure of national strength, while the number of infantry and cavalry and the level of tactical quality are also a measure of military strength. The use of cavalry in China began in the late Zhou Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, Qin and Zhao, the vassal states in the northern border, fought against the Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples. After being harassed by nomadic people, these Central Plains countries changed their original strategic thinking and adopted the method of "controlling foreign countries with foreign countries" to develop a large number of cavalry. Later dynasties also had different developments, and the tradition has been maintained for thousands of years. However, with the development of mechanization in the era of hot weapons, especially the birth of tanks and chariots, cavalry slowly withdrew from the historical stage. Due to the late development of mechanized equipment of the National Revolutionary Army, cavalry still occupies a dominant position in rapid maneuver. No matter whether it is a division or other local troops, there are a considerable number of cavalry units. The cavalry of the National Revolutionary Army has its own yellow service, and the German divisions are best equipped, except for the same equipment as infantry, such as helmets, military blankets, kettles, magazines, lunch boxes and gas masks. It is also equipped with special rifles and sabers, and some troops still wear green military uniforms (unconfirmed, whether it is a uniform for cavalry). In the national army's local cavalry, due to its original historical reasons (before being attached to the central government, most local warlords bought and assembled themselves), the cavalry assembled disorderly and varied. But most of them use Tony's helmet made in Britain and China's traditional melee weapon broadsword.
Explain that the soldiers of the national army ordinary cavalry
Official riding gun: 1932, the Military Committee of the National Government held a national conference on standard weapons, and decided to use the German 1924 rifle as the riding gun. The bullets used were standard 7.92x57mm sharp bullets, which were designated as standard rifles. The gun was produced only in small quantities in Germany and was one of the latest rifles at that time.
1934, the Ministry of Finance ordered 10000 rifles from the German factory in Mao Se to arm the tax police corps. The Technical Department of the Ministry of War Industry took the opportunity to ask Kong Xiangxi, Minister of Finance, to provide the German factory with a full set of 24-year-old manufacturing drawings, with a list of raw materials, inspection samples and copies of drawings. After receiving the information, the technical department of Ordnance Department immediately handed it over to Gongxian Arsenal to modify the mold according to the drawings and samples, and prepare to manufacture 24-year-old rifles. It was originally expected that the first batch of new guns would be produced at the end of 1934+00. However, the samples provided by Mao Se factory have been used, and there are still some minor mistakes in the submitted drawings. Therefore, the technical department of the Ministry of War Industry officially discussed with the German Ministry of War Industry to obtain 24-year manufacturing drawings and inspection samples made in Germany. Mao Yike, then director of Gongxian Arsenal, originally graduated from Berlin University of Technology; Sent to Germany to introduce 1924 manufacturing drawings and inspection samples. The new drawing was received by 1935 and is still being developed by Gongxian Arsenal.
Gongxian Arsenal began trial production in July, 1935. Originally called 24 rifle, also called 1924 short musket. The marks on the knuckles began to imitate the Banner of Mao Se, and they were marked in two or four styles. During the preparation for trial production, Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Song Meiling visited Gongxian Arsenal. Later, Yu Dawei, director of the ordnance department, wrote a letter for approval. After August 1935, the new gun was named China Official Rifle Ride. The sleeves are printed with the official emblem and production date of China and Gongxian Arsenal. Therefore, there are less than 2,000 rifles of this type, which are printed with 24 magazines. The official rifle riding was officially mass-produced in June1935+1October 10. After that, the cavalry was formally equipped.
Explain the winter clothes of the National Revolutionary Army Central Army Infantry Division Engineers.
engineer
The German division has a full-time engineering battalion, which is directly subordinate to the division headquarters and provides professional services for the whole combat division, such as bridge-building, mine-sweeping, mine laying and setting up roadblocks. Its configuration system and technical functions are established and trained according to the German military system, and it has advanced German-made heavy equipment for engineers, such as bridging equipment. It is also equipped with a transport vehicle imported synchronously with the equipment, which can completely move synchronously with the subordinate troops. To show the difference, engineers wear special white collar badges. In contrast, the equipment of most military engineering barracks is relatively simple, with few heavy equipment, and transportation basically depends on saddles and trolleys. But at that time, the vast majority of troops relied on walking, which was also synchronized with subordinate troops. Generally speaking, most of the engineering barracks of the national army are relatively simple to assemble, and there are few heavy equipment. The transportation of its equipment is basically through the traditional means of transportation in China, such as pack trucks and trolleys. But because most of China's troops were on foot at that time, they could also be synchronized with their subordinate troops. The engineering barracks of the ordnance division of the Kuomintang Central Army are the envy of other troops. They not only have advanced heavy-duty final assembly made by German engineers, such as bridging equipment, but also are equipped with transport vehicles imported synchronously with the final assembly, which has achieved synchronous mobility with their subordinate units. Engineers are basically the same as infantry, except for wearing a white collar badge dedicated to arms. Because on the battlefield, many troops of the national army were seriously reduced in the fierce attack of the Japanese army, patriotic generals often took second-line troops to the front to participate in the battle. Engineers are no exception. In addition to personal equipment, engineers also distribute their professional tools and leather toolkits hanging on their shoulders.
Explain the National Revolutionary Army Central Army Infantry Division Health Corps.
Healthy warrior
1On September 25th, 935, the Military Commission of the Kuomintang issued Order No.588, which clearly stipulated in the establishment of infantry divisions that a division-owned health team should be established to provide specialized medical assistance for the troops and be used as a military hospital at ordinary times. Real military doctors (professional surgeons, referring to western medicine) appeared relatively late in China, and their equipment and medical level were relatively backward. Although some of them came back from studying abroad, they were a few, and most of them were trained in China. Even so, it is far from meeting the requirements of the wartime army. We can only train some students or soldiers with medical knowledge for a short time to enrich the army. However, due to the lack of medical drugs, the survival rate of soldiers seriously injured in the battle is extremely low, which is also one of the main reasons for the large number of casualties in China's army.
Health soldiers are divided into military doctors and ambulance soldiers. The military doctor is an officer, and the ambulanceman is composed of soldiers and noncommissioned officers, all of whom wear green collars and have the same rank as infantry. The left upper arm is wearing a circular armcloth badge with the Red Cross logo, a special wooden or leather first aid kit, a strap, and a gas mask and towel similar to Germany's 1930. Usually wear cloth field hats, distribute German helmets in wartime, and local troops such as the Northwest Army, the Jin Army and the Guangdong-Guangxi Army wear English helmets. The first aid kit of the National Army and the leather first aid of the Bao Butong Western Army have their traditional characteristics in China. Military belts, like other arms, are only worn according to personal needs in wartime.
Illustrate the winter clothes of the National Revolutionary Army Central Army Infantry Division Gendarmerie.
military police
Gendarmerie is an indispensable arm of all national armies. Although it does not belong to combat troops, it plays an irreplaceable role in supervising military discipline, guiding road traffic, maintaining military order, trying by military courts, and investigating and handling military discipline incidents (people used to call it "gendarmerie"). Military police can be seen in historical photos and film and television materials of many major military occasions. The gendarmerie of the National Revolutionary Army is selected from soldiers, most of whom are non-commissioned officers. Directly under the army or division. The background color of the rank is dark red, which is the same color as the manager (military department). Military uniforms are the same as other arms, except that the left arm is equipped with a circular arm cloth chapter with the word "gendarmerie" printed on it, which is similar to that of the Japanese army at that time. The military police helmet is very distinctive. There are two kinds, one is a modified helmet similar to Tony's helmet in Britain; The other is a heatstroke prevention hat similar to that worn by tropical colonial troops in western countries (more like a helmet worn by Vietnamese troops). No matter what troops wear it, including German teachers. In addition to the helmet, the gendarmerie also wore a small whistle, which was used by the police at that time to contact. The weapon is equipped with Mao Se 20-ring automatic pistol, special leather holster and special leather magazine bag for musket. There are 12 magazines, 20 magazines on the front, belt buckles on the back, Y-shaped shoulder straps and three-point support magazines.