Major hazards-broadly speaking, the hazards that may lead to major accidents are major hazards.
In China's national standard Identification of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals (GB 182 18―2009), major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals refer to units that produce, process, use or store hazardous chemicals for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of hazardous chemicals is equal to or more than the critical quantity.
The Law on Work Safety is interpreted as: major hazard sources refer to units (including places and facilities) that produce, transport, use and store dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity.
Article 33 of the Law on Work Safety stipulates that production and business operation entities shall register and file major hazard sources, conduct regular inspection, evaluation and monitoring, formulate emergency plans, and inform employees and relevant personnel of the emergency measures they should take in case of emergency.
Production and business units shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, report their major hazards, relevant safety measures and emergency measures to local departments and relevant departments responsible for the supervision and administration of production safety for the record.
Question 2: Definition of Major Hazard Sources GB 182 18-2009 is defined as a unit that produces, processes, uses or stores hazardous chemicals for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of hazardous chemicals equals or exceeds the critical quantity. The Law on Safety in Production is defined as a unit (including places and facilities) that produces, transports, uses or stores dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity. With the above concept of hazards, we can also understand major hazards as hazards exceeding a certain amount. In addition, from the English definition of another major hazard source, the concept of "major hazard source" abroad is directly quoted. The core factor to determine major hazard sources is whether the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity. The so-called critical quantity refers to the quantity specified for a certain kind or class of dangerous goods. If the number of dangerous goods in a unit equals or exceeds this number, the unit should be designated as a major hazard source. The critical amount of a specific harmful substance is determined by the nature of the harmful substance. Major hazard sources in GB 182 18-2000 can be divided into two categories: major hazard sources in production sites and major hazard sources in storage sites. The critical quantity of the same substance in the production place and the storage place is different, but the 2009 edition no longer distinguishes it, but is unified. GB 182 18-2009 replaces GB 182 18-2000 for identification of major hazards. The main changes of GB 182 18-2009 compared with GB 182 18-2000 are as follows:-The processing technology and storage activities involving hazardous chemicals in mining industry are included in the scope of application; -The scope of non-application has increased offshore oil and gas exploration activities; -Some terms and definitions have been revised; -The critical quantity of hazardous chemicals has been revised; ―― The difference of critical quantity between the production site and the storage area is cancelled. Major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals refer to units that produce, process, use or store hazardous chemicals for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of hazardous chemicals is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity. Note: "Handling" in the definition of GB 182 18-2009 is no longer included; The original meaning of "dangerous substances" was changed to "dangerous chemicals", which narrowed the scope. (According to the implementation of the Law on Work Safety, the treatment should include) According to the requirements of the Guiding Opinions on Supervision and Management of Major Hazardous Sources (No.56 [2004] of the State Administration of Work Safety), major hazardous sources are not only the above-mentioned major hazardous sources of hazardous chemicals (1. Storage tank area (storage tank); 2. Reservoir area (library); 3. Production site; ) also includes: 4. Pressure pipelines that meet one of the following conditions: (1) long-distance pipelines ① pipelines that transport toxic, flammable and explosive gases with a design pressure greater than 1.6 MPa; ② Pipes conveying toxic, flammable and explosive liquid media with a distance of 200 km or more and a nominal diameter of ≥300 mm or more. (2) medium-pressure and high-pressure gas pipelines in public pipelines, with a nominal diameter of ≥200mm(3) industrial pipelines ① pipelines with a nominal diameter of ≥ 100 mm, in which the degree of toxicity is extremely and highly dangerous gas and liquefied gas medium; (2) Pipes for conveying extremely dangerous and highly dangerous liquid media in GB5044, combustible gas with fire risk of Class A and Class B specified in GB50 160 and GBJ 16, or combustible liquid media with nominal diameter ≥ 100 mm and design pressure ≥4 MPa; (3) pipelines with nominal diameter ≥ 100 mm, design pressure ≥4 MPa and design temperature ≥400℃ for conveying other flammable and toxic fluid media. 5. The boiler meets one of the following conditions: (1) The rated steam pressure of the steam boiler is greater than 2.5MPa, and the rated evaporation is greater than or equal to10 t/h. (2) The rated outlet water temperature of the hot water boiler is greater than or equal to 120℃, and the rated power is greater than or equal to 14 MW. 6. Pressure vessels belong to one of the following situations: (1) Class III pressure vessels with highly toxic, highly toxic and toxic media; (2) Flammable media, pressure vessels (groups) with maximum working pressure ≥0. 1MPa and PV ≥100 MPa× m.7. Coal mine (underground mining) meeting one of the following conditions ... >>
Question 3: How to distinguish important hazards from major hazards? There is no so-called "major hazard source", and there is no standard definition of "major hazard source" and "major hazard source".
In the Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Printing and Distributing the Measures for the Safety Management of Dangerous Sectional Projects (No.87 [2009] of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development), there are only' dangerous subdivisional projects' and' dangerous subdivisional projects exceeding a certain scale'. Article 3 The term "divisional subdivisional projects with greater risks" as mentioned in these Measures refers to subdivisional projects that exist in the construction process of construction projects and may lead to employee casualties or cause significant adverse social impacts.
See Annex I for the dangerous division project. See Annex II for dangerous sub-projects exceeding a certain scale.
Question 4: What are the main hazards? For example, chemical production.
nuclear power plant
Military factory, etc
These are all hazards.
Question 5: The difference between major risks, major hidden dangers and major hazard sources. Brother, let me introduce the following concepts to you first, and then introduce you to the concepts you want. I hope it helps you.
The definitions of failure, hidden danger, danger, risk, accident and safety are both different and related.
Fault: the phenomenon that the equipment "loses its specified function" or endangers safety for some reason during the working process.
Hidden danger: refers to the unstable factors that exist in certain conditions, things and events and affect the safety interests of individuals or others.
Danger: refers to the potential of materials, goods, systems, technological processes, facilities or places to cause harm to people, property or the environment.
Risk: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specific dangerous situation.
Accident: refers to an unexpected situation that leads to death, illness, injury, damage or other losses.
Safety: The state in which acceptable risk of damage cannot be avoided.
(The above definition is quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia)
These concepts are both different and related. Safety is not completely without damage, but the damage is within an acceptable range. Absolute security does not exist, and there will be hidden dangers, big and small, at any time. If hidden dangers are found and eliminated in time, the system can be in a normal state. If there are hidden dangers that are not handled in time, faults will occur. Failure is not necessarily dangerous, it may also be the loss of some functions, but it may also lead to danger. And risk refers to the possibility of danger, not the danger itself. An accident is an accident, but it may be dangerous without an accident. For example, the toxic waste gas from a factory is not an accident, but harmful to people.
Hazard source
Refers to the parts, regions, places, spaces, posts, equipment and their positions in the system that have the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage, and can be transformed into accidents under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or location with potential danger, the source of accidents, and the collection of energy and dangerous substances. ...
Three elements of hazard source:
(1) Danger is generally caused by uncontrolled release of energy or poison. In risk analysis, we must first determine the types of hazards, such as poison release, explosion, fire, etc. And then determine which part of the system is the hazard source, such as pressure vessels, pressure pipes, storage tanks, power plants, etc.
(2) the extent to which the environment, people or other ecosystems, buildings or structures are exposed to dangerous areas;
(3) In case of danger, it will have harmful effects on the exposed targets or may cause losses.
These three elements are called risk chain, and each link in the chain should be analyzed and evaluated in detail when conducting risk analysis.
Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of people's activity places, equipment and facilities, or the potential danger of personal injury or economic loss caused by people's unsafe behavior and management defects. An unremarkable fault point or injury point, but all indicators are within the scope of safety, can be called a safety hazard.
Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of workplace, equipment and facilities, unsafe behavior of people and management defects, which is the direct cause of safety accidents.
Hazard source is the root cause of accidents, and it is a production device, facility or place that has energy or may accidentally release dangerous and harmful substances.
Major hazard sources refer to units (including places and facilities) that produce, transport, use or store dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity.
The difference between the two: accident hidden danger and hazard source are not equivalent concepts;
Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of workplace, equipment and facilities, unsafe behavior of people and management defects. Its essence is a dangerous, unsafe and defective "state", which can be manifested in people or things. For example, unstable walking and slippery roads are all hidden dangers that lead to falls and injuries; It can also be manifested in the procedures, contents or methods of management, such as inadequate inspection, imperfect system and inadequate personnel training. Hazard source refers to the position, area, place, space, post, equipment and its position in the system that has the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage, and is transformed into an accident under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or position with potential danger, the source of accidents, the core of energy and dangerous substances concentration, and the place where energy comes out or erupts. Danger exists in a certain system, and the scope of danger is different in different systems. For example, nationwide, a specific enterprise (such as an oil refinery) is a hazard source of dangerous industries (such as petroleum and chemical industry). As for the enterprise system, it may be a workshop or a warehouse ... >; & gt
Question 6: What are the major hazards of hazardous chemicals? Refers to the units (including places and facilities) that are identified and determined according to the Identification Standard for Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals _gb 182 18-2009, and the quantity of hazardous chemicals produced, stored, used or transported is equal to or greater than the critical quantity.
Question 7: What is a major hazard source? How to distinguish the general major hazards can be divided into two categories, dangerous chemicals and dangerous places and facilities. Hazardous chemicals are identified in accordance with the Identification Standard for Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals (GB 182 18-2009), and dangerous places and facilities are identified in accordance with the Guiding Opinions on Supervision and Management of Major Hazard Sources (Safety Supervision Coordination Word [2004] No.56).