Winter is the season with frequent fire accidents in construction sites. The weather is cold and the sky is dry in winter. With the increase of fire and electricity consumption in construction sites, fire hazards also increase. Recently, major fire accidents occurred in some areas of China, causing many casualties and huge losses to people's lives and property. The construction site conditions are relatively bad, and the fire prevention and control ability is relatively weak, which is very prone to fire accidents. It is necessary to do a good job in fire safety during winter construction.
According to the season and climate change, the construction of construction sites is usually divided into normal temperature construction, rainy season construction and winter construction. Due to the low temperature and dry air in winter, heat preservation measures should be taken at the construction site. Therefore, the fire risk of winter construction is more frequent than normal temperature and rainy season, so we should attach great importance to the implementation of fire prevention measures in winter construction site.
A, winter fire safety supervision
Construction site should be combined with the actual situation of the project, according to the specific characteristics of winter construction, the establishment of winter fire safety production leading group; Establish fire safety responsibility system and duty system on the construction site; The person responsible for fire control safety shall be determined in each area of the construction site; Establish and improve the hot work approval system and fire safety measures; Organize the preparation of targeted winter fire prevention measures and fire safety plans; Reasonable arrangement of construction period, strict management of all kinds of inflammable and explosive articles, reasonable and effective allocation of fire fighting equipment to prevent fire and explosion accidents.
Second, the understanding of fire safety in winter
The project manager is the first person in charge of fire safety production on the construction site. The project department should fully understand the importance of fire prevention in winter, take fire safety as an important content with a high sense of responsibility and mission, increase publicity, create a good fire prevention atmosphere, earnestly implement the fire safety responsibility system, carry out fire safety hidden danger investigation in winter, eliminate unsafe factors in time, and avoid the occurrence of major vicious fire accidents.
Third, winter fire safety training and education
The project department should make full use of various effective publicity forms, widely publicize fire laws and regulations and fire prevention knowledge, strengthen the education and training of fire prevention knowledge and fire escape methods, and continuously improve the fire safety awareness and self-prevention and self-rescue ability of construction employees. The project department should be equipped with full-time and part-time firefighters, constantly improve the emergency rescue mechanism, and save themselves in case of danger and emergency or report them in time according to regulations.
Four, the winter fire safety investigation
1. Strictly implement the hot work approval procedures. When open flames (including welding and cutting) are needed in the construction site, the person in charge shall strictly implement the approval procedures for hot work before hot work can be carried out. When hot work is carried out, the operator must hold relevant certificates, be supervised by special personnel, and be equipped with corresponding fire extinguishing equipment. When welding and gas cutting operations are carried out at high places, protective shielding should be implemented around and below the operation, and welding slag should be packed in containers. After the operation, you must confirm that there is no fire danger before leaving the operation site. 2. Strengthen the management of key fire prevention areas. The project department should strengthen the safety management of key fire prevention areas such as woodworking processing areas, construction floors, power distribution rooms, canteens and warehouses on the construction site, and equip them with sufficient effective fire fighting equipment. Eliminate the power failure of construction in time to prevent the fire accident caused by circuit failure. High-rise building construction should use qualified fire-retardant dense mesh safety net, and be equipped with necessary fire water source and sufficient self-help water consumption. Strengthen the management of inflammable and explosive articles, and eliminate fire hazards in time. Efforts should be made to improve the living environment of workers. Workers on the construction site should learn from the heavy historical lessons of the construction site fire. The project department should strive to improve the life and diet of workers, strengthen the safety management of the logistics dormitory on the construction site, and put an end to the use of high-power household appliances, bottled liquefied gas and other flammable and explosive items. The access roads in the construction area and logistics dormitory area must meet the fire control requirements.
Five, winter fire safety measures
1. The project department of the project under construction should equip the construction site with sufficient fire-fighting equipment in strict accordance with the requirements, and regularly check the fire-fighting equipment to ensure the effective use of the fire-fighting equipment; Flammable and explosive articles should be stacked in special warehouses and kept by special personnel. Flammable materials such as abandoned templates piled up on the construction site should be cleared out of the construction site in time. 2. Employees are forbidden to use electric stoves, electric blankets, iodine tungsten lamp and other high-power appliances in the dormitory. It is strictly forbidden to connect wires privately at will. Don't use kerosene stoves in the dormitory. Alcohol lamps burn easily.
3. It is strictly prohibited to burn the formwork for heating in a closed environment to avoid fire or carbon monoxide poisoning accidents. 4. The construction site near the gas station and inflammable and explosive materials storage places should be fenced and fully enclosed, and the three-level hot work approval system should be strictly implemented to eliminate all kinds of fire hazards. 5. Littering cigarette butts will cause fire. It's windy and rainy in winter, cold and dry. Pay special attention to the fire caused by smoking. Littering cigarette butts is a bad habit of many smokers. Smokers should consciously protect themselves and actively promote smoking ban in dormitories. 6. Electrical failure is easy to cause fire. Mechanical equipment on the construction site should be inspected before use and maintained after use to avoid fire accidents caused by aging lines, disrepair or frequent handling of broken wires. 7. When using naked flame, fire and lamp, be careful not to get close to flammable materials. It is forbidden to get close to acetylene, oxygen, gas and liquefied gas tanks. 8. The installation of electrical equipment should comply with the regulations, and the wires used should have good insulation effect. It is forbidden to wire aging or overload, so as to avoid short circuit and fire. Don't cover the bulb with paper or other combustible materials, and don't put uncooled electric heating appliances where there are combustible materials. Or put flammable materials on electric heating appliances, and don't connect wires indiscriminately. 9. Pay attention to the failure of temperature control, time control device or temperature indicator of electric heating appliances, so as to avoid fire caused by excessive temperature. High-power electric heating appliances should not use wires with too small cross section or switches and plugs with too small capacity to avoid heating or ignition. 10. The fireproof performance of building materials should meet the requirements of design and relevant standards and specifications, and reliable fireproof measures must be taken for building insulation materials in winter construction.
1 1. Paints, thinners and inflammable and explosive articles in the warehouse must be stored separately and equipped with sufficient effective fire-fighting supplies. 12. It is also an effective way to prevent fires and reduce fire hazards by regularly cleaning the sundries around the roads on the construction site and keeping the fire roads unblocked. 13. The operators of electric welding and gas cutting must receive special training and master the safety technology and operation procedures of electric welding and gas cutting. Only after passing the examination and obtaining the operation certificate can the operation be carried out. Special operators such as electric welding and gas cutting must master fire safety knowledge and self-prevention and self-rescue ability. 14. Smoking and open flame operation are strictly prohibited in the woodworking operation room. Only materials on duty can be stored in the operation room, and finished products and semi-finished products should be transported away in time. After work, the site should be cleaned up, and shavings should be cleaned up and dumped in the designated place. Strictly abide by the operating rules, turn off the power supply after work, and check that there is no fire danger before leaving. 15. Electricians must receive special training, master the safety technology of installation and maintenance, and can operate independently after passing the examination. Electricity for construction and lighting shall be strictly in accordance with Technical Specification for Safety of Temporary Electricity Use in Construction Site. 16. Strengthen the duty system on holidays, determine the special person to be on duty 24 hours a day, and keep the information flowing. In the event of a fire accident, it is necessary to organize forces to carry out emergency rescue and disposal in time according to the accident handling regulations, and report it in time and truthfully according to the procedures.
6. Call the fire alarm number 1. After calling the fire alarm, the detailed address of the fire unit, community, street, house number and road section should be stated. 2. Find out what is on fire and the fire. 3. To make it clear that it is a fire area, it is best to make it clear about the fire location, burning substances and burning conditions. 4. The alarm person should make clear his name, unit and telephone number. 5. After the alarm, assign a special person to wait for the arrival of the fire truck at the intersection, and guide the fire truck to the fire scene, so as to arrive at the fire scene quickly and accurately. It is the responsibility of every citizen to call the police in time when a fire alarm is found. We should try to put out the fire at the initial stage.
In a word, in the process of construction, winter is the high incidence period of fire, so people should pay great attention to winter fire prevention. It is the key to do a good job of fire safety in winter construction to educate the construction personnel on fire prevention in winter construction. Everyone should attach importance to fire prevention work, think everywhere, and contact with it in everything, so as to improve the fire prevention awareness of all personnel and ensure fire safety.
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