Henan province is a typical minority scattered province. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, there are 55 ethnic minorities in the province, including Hui, Mongolian, Manchu, Tujia, Zhuang and North Korea, with a total population of1143,000. Among them, there are 953,000 Hui people, second only to Ningxia and Gansu, ranking third in the country. Ethnic minorities are distributed all over the province, showing the remarkable characteristics of large dispersion and small settlement. Many counties (cities, districts) have more than 50 thousand people, and few have more than 200 people. There are 3 urban ethnic areas and 2/kloc-0 Hui townships (towns) in the province, namely Guancheng Hui area in Zhengzhou, Shunhe area in Kaifeng and Chanhe Hui area in Luoyang. There are 555 villages inhabited by ethnic minorities, with a population ratio of over 50% and an absolute population of over 500.
The Henan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government attach great importance to the development of national economy and incorporate the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic inhabited areas into the overall plan of economic and social development in the province. With the active work, organization and coordination of the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Regulations on Administrative Work in Ethnic Villages, the Regulations on Urban Ethnic Work and the Regulations on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Ethnic Minorities in Henan Province have been promulgated one after another. The provincial party committee and the provincial government have successively issued two documents to formulate policies and measures to support the accelerated development of ethnic minorities and ethnic inhabited areas. 10 provincial departments put forward specific measures to implement the document. In September, 2004, Liu Xinmin, Vice Governor, presided over a meeting of the governor's office attended by 24 provincial departments and financial institutions to study, coordinate and support the accelerated development of ethnic minority areas, and further put forward specific measures to help accelerate the development of ethnic minority areas. Preferential policies to support national economic development involve financial system, poverty alleviation and development, infrastructure construction, social development, resource development, scientific and technological progress, taxation, credit and many other aspects. The economy of ethnic minority areas shows a sustained, rapid and healthy development momentum, and the situation is gratifying.
The national economy has its own characteristics.
The adjustment of the national economic structure is becoming more and more reasonable, and the industrial development is large-scale and collectivized. In 2003, the total output value of three ethnic areas and 2/kloc-0 ethnic townships (towns) reached 6.92 billion yuan, an increase of 68% compared with 410.20 billion yuan in 1999. The national economy has become an economic growth point with obvious advantages in some counties (cities, districts), accounting for a large proportion in the total county economy. For example, the population of ethnic minorities in Qinyang accounts for 2.5% of the city's total population, and the ethnic economy accounts for 1 1.5% of the city's GDP in 2003. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in ethnic minority areas and towns in the province is 9.2: 4 1.49: 49.438+0. In addition to the traditional leather and fur processing and halal food industry, the industrial structure has also extended to textile, paper-making, chemical plastics, construction, machinery manufacturing and other industries, and has begun to expand to education, culture, health and other industries, and a diversified development pattern has taken shape, occupying a place in the high-tech field.
The total number of ethnic minority enterprises in the province reached 24,686, and the total industrial output value in 2003 was 654.38+02.39 billion yuan. A number of national or regional production bases, well-known enterprises and well-known brands have emerged in industries such as tanning, fur processing and halal food. For example, Mazhuang Hui Township in Yexian County has become one of the well-known distribution centers of halal food and livestock products in China, and has been called "the first township of cattle product development in China" by experts from the Ministry of Agriculture. Mengzhou city Sangpo Village has become a well-known fur processing base in China. Xiangcheng Dingzhen has become a famous leather processing base in China. The scientific and technological level of enterprises and the technical content of products have also been significantly improved.
The infrastructure in ethnic areas, especially roads, water conservancy facilities, schools and health centers, has taken on a new look. The production and living conditions in ethnic areas have improved significantly, and the ability of sustainable development has been enhanced.
The development of private economy shows great vitality. In the national economy, Henan province attaches great importance to the important role of non-public economy in promoting economic growth, expanding employment and activating the market. Actively help minority enterprises to carry out restructuring, help enterprises improve corporate governance structure and establish a modern enterprise system. In ethnic areas, especially in three urban ethnic areas and 2/kloc-0 ethnic townships (towns), we will vigorously encourage and support the development of the non-public economy. There are 14 village-run collective enterprises in Shuinanguan Hui Village, Qinyang City, which were once in trouble, but they have revived through restructuring in recent years. The contribution rate of private economy in the three cities of this province to the economic growth of ethnic minority areas has accounted for more than 60%.
Mengzhou city Sangpo Village makes full use of "two markets" and "two resources" at home and abroad to realize "two markets for raw materials and sales". Of the 35 enterprises in the village/KLOC-0, 35 have the right to import and export foreign trade. 80% of the raw materials needed by enterprises come from Australia, and the village can control the price of sheepskin exported to me from Australia; 80% products are exported to the United States, Japan and other 18 countries and regions. In 2003, the village's annual output value was 720 million yuan, and its export earned 35 million dollars. Local tax revenue is more than 9 million yuan, and customs tax revenue is more than 60 million yuan. On May 6th, 2004, Jia Qinglin, Chairman of CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, inspected Sangpo Village and fully affirmed the development of national economy.
Carry out skills training to effectively help poor ethnic minorities. In order to promote the economic development of ethnic minorities and areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, the Henan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission established the "Training Base for Economic Development of Ethnic Minorities in Henan Province" in Sangpo Village, mengzhou city. The Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission arranged for minority laborers in poverty-stricken areas to participate in training, and invited relevant personnel to give lectures and practice in enterprises. Change them with the entrepreneurial spirit of Sangpo people and enrich them with the enterprises in Sangpo Village. After graduation, students will be assigned to work in fur processing enterprises in Sangpo Village, with an average monthly salary from 400 yuan to 500 yuan. The ethnic work departments of cities and counties have also organized employment training for farmers in ethnic areas with a certain scale. In the first half of 2004, * * * helped arrange 1 139 rural minority laborers to work in local ethnic enterprises.
Computer agriculture is effective.
Henan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission conscientiously implemented the spirit of the on-the-spot meeting of computer agriculture promotion in ethnic minority areas, and combined computer agriculture promotion with industrial structure adjustment in ethnic minority areas as an important measure to help rural ethnic minorities accelerate their development and solve the "three rural issues". Select Yingqiao Hui Town in Xiangcheng County, Yaozhuang Hui Township in jia county, mountain products Hui Township in Yuzhou City and Fancheng Hui Town in Linying County to establish computer agriculture demonstration sites, plant pollution-free vegetables, flower seedlings, flue-cured tobacco and Chinese herbal medicines, and raise cattle and sheep. In March, 2004, the on-the-spot meeting of computer agricultural application technology popularization and training was held in the ethnic areas of the whole province. At present, the whole province has formed a situation of computer agricultural application technology popularization with point to area and planting radiation in many industries.
Over the past year, Henan Ethnic Affairs Commission has taken a series of measures, such as ideological mobilization, demonstration-driven, service-driven, policy-driven, mechanism-driven, and achieved remarkable results in computer agriculture promotion. Computer-aided pollution-free vegetable planting in Yingqiaohui Town, Xiangcheng County has established a "one-stop" pollution-free vegetable service chain with the park as the leader, the greenhouses of each village group as the dragon body and the scattered greenhouses of the masses as the dragon tail. It has formed an industrial operation mechanism in which the market guides the leader, the leader drives the base, and the base connects the farmers. At present, more than 800 people in the town are engaged in greenhouse production, and people from seven surrounding towns and villages take the initiative to receive guidance and training at the guidance station. Computer agriculture has covered more than 3000 farmers. Using computer agricultural expert system software to guide farmers to plant pollution-free vegetables, the benefit is 30 times that of traditional wheat planting and 40-50% higher than that of traditional solar vegetable greenhouse. Rich economic income has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of local cadres and masses to rely on science and technology information technology to develop agriculture, and the mental outlook of the masses has also changed greatly. There are fewer idle people in towns and villages, and there are no disturbances. The enthusiasm of the masses to build greenhouses and learn to grow vegetables is very high. There is an endless stream of people who go to the computer agricultural guidance station to "click the mouse", "ask the computer" and "find the market".
Mountain products Hui Township, Yuzhou City is a big township for planting Chinese herbal medicines. The township has set up a computer agricultural comprehensive service station in the planting concentration area, compiled expert system software and set up a touch computer display screen. In order to facilitate mass training, a large screen projector was also set up. At present, the township has formed a development pattern of combining drug dealer planting, company planting and farmer planting. More than 70% people in the village are engaged in the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, covering an area of 4,000 mu, including more than 2,000 mu of joint planting area, mainly planting burdock, salvia miltiorrhiza, isatis root, chrysanthemum and other varieties 10. Yuzhou Municipal Government and mountain products Hui Township Government also actively married many well-known domestic pharmaceutical companies, such as Beijing Tongrentang Group and Hangzhou Hangbaiju Company, and adopted the model of "company+farmer" to attract funds, help agricultural production and solve sales.
Grassroots cadres and ethnic minorities generally believe that computer agriculture has helped them solve the long-standing problem of lack of technology and market information. "Computer agriculture has narrowed the distance between our farmers and modern science and technology, and we have also become modern farmers who understand science", "People's Committee has brought us teachers who will never leave". Under the guidance of computer agriculture, a Hui youth in Yingqiao Hui Town, Xiangcheng County gave up his business in the city for many years and returned to the village to grow vegetables.
Designated enterprises have developed.
Actively coordinate and implement preferential policies. At present, there are 39 designated production enterprises for special products of ethnic minorities in Henan Province. In order to speed up the development of ethnic minority enterprises, the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission actively coordinated its work to help enterprises solve the credit funds. In recent years, we have coordinated agricultural banks at all levels to provide 4.5 billion yuan of working capital loans to minority enterprises. In order to implement the loan discount policy for designated enterprises, in March 2004, Henan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, Henan Provincial Department of Finance and Zhengzhou Central Sub-branch of the People's Bank of China jointly issued the Notice on Standardizing the Loan Discount Work for Designated Production Enterprises with Special Needs of Ethnic Minorities, and established a relatively standardized loan discount system and operating procedures. In the first three quarters of 2004 alone, the loan amount of designated enterprises in the province reached 65.438+0.53 billion yuan, with a discount of 65.438+0.98 million yuan.
Cultivate advantageous industries and build industrial concentration areas. At present, there are more than 46,000 halal food production and operation enterprises (merchants) in Henan Province. Through years of efforts, ethnic enterprises have gathered in blocks, and gradually realized the transformation from "stragglers" to centralized contiguous, from exclusive production to group scale, from decentralized operation to regional operation, which has played a group effect and played an important role in regional economic development. At present, a number of traditional industries and industrial zones of ethnic minorities have been formed, such as leather processing in Dingzhen Town, Qinyang City, sheep shearing processing in Sangpo Village, mengzhou city, cattle processing in Mazhuang Hui Township, Yexian County, and halal stalls in Gulou Night Market in Kaifeng. In terms of scientific and technological progress, Henan national enterprises began to gradually overcome the disadvantages of "family management and extensive management", and accelerated the pace of scientific and technological progress by introducing outstanding talents and advanced equipment. For example, Henan Zhongyuan Tannery Co., Ltd. in Shuinanguan Village, Qinyang City employs 12 senior technical experts from Korea, Japan, Australia and other countries and regions with high salaries. At present, the company has 88 senior technicians.
Products have also appeared in Wang Shouyi Shisanxiang, Bangjie Muslim Meat, Xiaoji Huimian Noodles, Tian Fang Instant Noodles, Dayong Split Chicken, Yongda Split Chicken and other national or regional well-known brands.
Get rich, think about the source, and repay the society. Under the guidance of the party's policy support and the help of ethnic affairs committees at all levels, ethnic enterprises in Henan Province have grown and contributed positively to society. They undertake social security, subsidize schools and poor outstanding students, and attract fellow villagers and ethnic minorities from other poor areas to find jobs. Zhongyuan Tannery Co., Ltd., a national designated enterprise in Shuinanguan Village, Qinyang City, undertakes the villagers' rations and welfare, arranges the village laborers to work in enterprises, and even arranges them to work in important positions if they have the ability. The national enterprises in Sangpo Village, mengzhou city also absorb minority laborers from other poor areas to work in the enterprises.
Development funds solve difficulties
In-depth research and project-driven. The Ethnic Affairs Commission of Henan Province has put the inclined support for ethnic minority areas into concrete projects. Every year, the ethnic work departments of cities and counties and relevant business departments * * * inspect and demonstrate the projects declared by ethnic minority areas, townships (towns) and villages, and screen and report them. Where the project is reported to the province, the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission shall, jointly with the relevant business departments and bureaus, study and put forward opinions, which shall be signed by the deputy governor in charge and the executive vice governor, and the business departments and bureaus shall implement them in the annual investment plan. A remote minority village in Xichuan County, Nanyang City, has a long-standing problem of draft difficulty and it is hard to go. After learning this situation, the director of the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission and the director of the Economic Department went deep into the mountains and went to the village on foot 15 to investigate and help them solve the draught problem with the development funds of ethnic minorities.
In recent years, the central and provincial governments have supported the infrastructure construction of ethnic villages by 65.438+0.6 billion yuan, built 533 kilometers of county and township roads, improved the irrigation conditions of farmland by 6.5438+0.2 million mu, solved the drinking water problem of 88,000 people, built and rebuilt school buildings by 6.5438+0.54 million square meters, and built hospitals, health centers and post offices by 6.5438+0.02. These projects have improved the production and living conditions in ethnic minority areas and laid the foundation for their development. From 2003 to the first half of 2004, the Ethnic Affairs Commission of Henan Province actively coordinated the financial sector, won a small loan of 997 1.9 million yuan for minority farmers, and supported 405 17 minority farmers to develop planting, aquaculture, halal food processing, transportation and handicraft manufacturing, which effectively promoted farmers to get rid of poverty and increase their income.
Standardize procedures and manage scientifically. In the management of project funds, the Henan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission and the Provincial Department of Finance have formed a good cooperation mechanism for joint project review, release scale, cooperative research and collaborative acceptance of completed projects. The powers and responsibilities of provincial, city and county people's committees and financial departments were clarified, and the project declaration procedures were standardized.
In order to strengthen the supervision in the process of engineering construction, they asked the old party member, veteran cadres and villagers' representatives to form an engineering quality supervision team at the engineering construction site to track and supervise the engineering quality throughout the process. The combination of government supervision and mass supervision constitutes a relatively complete supervision system.
Strengthen training and improve the management level of grassroots cadres. In order to improve the management level of cadres, the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission listed the training fees from the development funds, and in 2002 and 2003, all the directors of ethnic affairs commissions in the province 18 and 158 counties (cities, districts) were trained. Driven by the demonstration of the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, the ethnic work departments of various cities have also conducted centralized training for cadres in ethnic townships (towns) and ethnic villages.