Wang Qiang Ocean Shipping Crew Vocational College

First, the main components and characteristics of dual vocational education in Germany

Dual system is a vocational training model originated in Germany.

The so-called binary,

Refers to the personnel who are required to participate in vocational training.

It must be trained in two places. One yuan refers to a vocational school, whose main function is to impart professional knowledge related to occupation;

The other is off-campus training places such as enterprises or institutions.

Its main function is to let students accept vocational skills in enterprises.

Professional training in this field.

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1

The object of dual vocational education in Germany has dual identities.

Re-identify,

That is, to train apprentices in enterprises and students in vocational schools.

If school-age youth want to receive dual vocational education,

first

First of all, we must find a training enterprise willing to provide vocational training.

Get a specific vocational training position,

And sign a contract with the training enterprise.

Industry training contract,

At this time, the identity of the school-age youth is the apprentice of the enterprise.

School-age youth get specific vocational training positions,

become

After the enterprise's apprenticeship expires,

In order to find a suitable vocational school,

After entering the vocational school,

Become a student in a vocational school.

At the same time, it also means that the object of dual vocational education has dual rights and obligations.

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2

The teachers of dual-system vocational education are two groups of people who go to enterprises for practical training and teach practical skills to apprentices.

Teachers with knowledge and professional skills are called training teachers or enterprise training instructors;

Implementing theoretical teaching in vocational schools,

Continue your studies.

Teachers who impart professional theories and general cultural knowledge are called theoretical teachers or vocational school teachers.

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three

The teaching principle of implementing dual vocational education consists of two parts, which determine the advantages of dual vocational education system.

The teaching content structure of vocational education in China consists of two parts:

The first is the training charter.

(also known as training regulations)

The second is the teaching plan.

The training of enterprises shall be implemented according to the training regulations.

Theoretical teaching in vocational schools follows the teaching plan.

Training regulations

This is a binding legal document on vocational training in Germany.

It plays the role of unified orientation and normative orientation in German vocational education.

The role of.

Every occupation has corresponding training regulations.

In other words, the German government recognizes that

376

Every profession has its own.

Training regulations.

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four

)

Dual vocational education is the responsibility of two types of institutions, and the practical training of enterprises is the responsibility of the competent department of the federal government.

suffer

postal service

Industry education law "

Constraints,

Stipulated by the Federal Uniform Private Law,

The relationship between training business owners and apprentices is determined by occupation.

Adjust the training contract;

Each state is responsible for the organization and management of vocational schools, and its legal basis is the school law of each state.

、

Law on Compulsory Education in Schools, etc. , is stipulated by the state's public law.

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five

There are two sources of funding for vocational education, and most of the costs of vocational training for German enterprises and cross-enterprises are borne by enterprises.

The expenses of vocational schools are borne by the state and governments at all levels.

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six

) Dual vocational education focuses on enterprise training, and dual vocational education focuses on enterprise training.

Supplemented by theoretical teaching in vocational schools.

In the form of dual vocational education, vocational schools are subordinate,

The manifestation of this subordination

Before: ① Before students enter school,

We must first find a training enterprise,

Get a vocational training position,

And sign a vocational training contract with the enterprise.

Apprentice to the enterprise, and then you can find the corresponding vocational school. ② Vocational schools offer general culture courses and professional theory courses,

Professional theoretical courses are the focus,

Provide theoretical basis for enterprise skill training,

Take up the total class hours

60%

③ The academic system is generally three years,

Student weekly

3.5

~

four

I received several days of skills training in the enterprise.

1

~

1.5

I take classes in a vocational school, * * * *

12

Binary class hours ④

In this system,

Enterprise training guidance is more than vocational school teachers.

According to statistics,

1984

The teachers of German vocational schools are

170

200

Name,

And enterprise training guidance is

479

182

Name, accounting for the total number of vocational education teachers.

73.8%

. ⑤ Students do not take graduation exams when they graduate.

You can get a vocational school diploma.

But you must take the final exam of enterprise skills training organized by the enterprise Federation.

examination

The test content includes the skills and knowledge stipulated in the articles of association of enterprise vocational training and related disciplines offered by vocational schools.

Graduates only have

At the same time, he holds the graduation certificate of enterprise vocational training and vocational school.

Can enter higher vocational and technical schools—

-junior college.

Second, the characteristics of China vocational education system

At present, China's vocational education is still a weak link in the whole education system.

Vocational education faces many difficulties and problems.

On five pairs of contradictions 2: