Since TV commentary itself is one of the many elements in TV topics, if TV topics are regarded as a complex, then TV commentary is a part of the whole. This attribute of TV commentary determines its non-independence. Therefore, according to the needs of the theme, TV commentary should cooperate with pictures, music, subtitles, actual sound and special effects to convey the information of the program and express the idea of the program.
First, the non-independence of TV commentary.
Television commentary can not independently complete the comprehensive report of events, nor can it independently shape the artistic image of television. It must cooperate with other means of television, especially pictures, in order to finally complete the comprehensive report of the incident and shape the image as a whole. Commentary itself does not undertake these tasks independently. Therefore, TV commentary cannot exist in isolation and cannot be independent, which is the non-independence of TV commentary.
There is no doubt that the main form of TV commentary is still literary writing, and the techniques and methods of TV commentary creation are mostly borrowed from or evolved from literary writing, which contains extremely strong literary colors and literary genes. No one can deny this.
The creation of TV reviews is carried out in an environment that serves the overall creation of TV. Here, it is no longer a pure literary writing, and its standard is no longer a literary standard, but a television standard. Just like music, photography, painting and other art forms, once they are placed in the environment of TV art, they become elements serving TV and have non-independence.
The most prominent manifestation of the non-independence of TV commentary is that, in many cases, it must be "written for watching". Because the biggest personality of TV media is vivid pictures, we should always consider the image, state and characteristics of TV pictures, the information to be conveyed and the ideas to be expressed in the program when creating commentary.
In TV special topics, commentary is often distributed intermittently between pictures, actual sounds, interviews with people and music, showing a mosaic or the finishing touch. If the explanation is taken out separately, it will often make people feel incoherent and unclear. Interpretation is different from general articles, fluency is not its goal, and only when it is combined with other TV elements can its significance be highlighted.
Demonstrative pronouns such as "here, here" are widely used in TV special comments. Because the explanation and the sound of the picture are harmonious, these demonstrative pronouns make the explanation close to the picture without describing the picture in detail. For example, "This soldier is her husband (photo: a shot of a man in military uniform in the middle)"; "All along, it used to be a clear pond (photo: a dry bottom)"; "(Actual voice: After interviewing Ah Kin) This is probably why Ah Kin doesn't want to leave here." . The first purpose of all explanations is to serve the picture and sound, regardless of integrity. As many people mentioned, the three key words of comments are: follow-up, follow-up, and submission. That is: stick to the theme, post pictures, and give up using other means to express. In the TV special program "The Charm of Sand", there is a section of sand sculpture that sand sculpture artists all over the world can do. The explanation reads:
Everything that can be used is used, but there is no guy who is used by the sculpture department of the Academy of Fine Arts.
This is like a pesticide farmer in a cotton field.
This is digging potatoes.
This one is getting a haircut.
The elephant is picking out its ears.
It is difficult to understand the situation at that time only by reading this commentary, but the picture vividly shows the artists' state at work at that time, and because of the appropriateness of the commentary, it reflects a humorous effect, which is completely consistent with the style of the whole film. Here, commentary does not exist independently, but is in harmony with all the elements and means in TV, and naturally completes TV presentation.
Second, the language characteristics of TV special comments
Fundamentally speaking, TV commentary is a kind of writing creation. However, this writing is different from the normal situation. The TV special commentary is finally dubbed by the announcer and spread to the audience in the form of sound elements. Therefore, the creation of commentary is a special style based on words, with the theme of TV as the context and other elements of TV as accessories, and formed through creative thinking organization and text arrangement. This style is very different from all the styles we usually see and has its own characteristics.
Commentary always takes "writing for listening and writing for watching" as the ultimate development direction. Its writing charm comes from the creator's profound experience and understanding of life. It should have connotation and be able to convey information, not fancy piling up. Television is a new kind of mass media, and its disadvantage is that it is fleeting and there is no room for repeated audio-visual viewing. An outstanding propagandist in the former Soviet Union once had an incisive exposition: "The characteristic of radio and television reporters' work is that their short comments, essays and manuscripts are not read repeatedly, but listened to and watched by the audience in a fleeting way. For reading and acceptance, it is not always equally effective to express the same meaning. Many times, you need to take a completely different way to receive and read things. Therefore, when radio and television reporters are writing a manuscript, they must read and listen to see how their manuscript reads. Mark Hall, an American radio news researcher, said: "When you write a news report, remember that you are writing for a half-deaf audience, whose level is equivalent to that of a nine-year-old child. "Similarly, for TV commentary, we must first make it easy for the audience to understand and accept. If it is an abstruse manuscript, the audience sounds hard, giving up understanding the meaning or even reading the whole part, and the result will inevitably be the loss of communication significance. Therefore, TV commentary should at least read and listen after writing the manuscript. Its purpose is to check that the manuscript and language must be colloquial. The general requirement is to read smoothly, sound pleasant, look eye-catching and understand smoothly.
The language power of explanation is not gorgeous, but simple. Writing TV reviews, novels or essays are completely different. That kind of unconstrained style article is hard to be a real explanation. The so-called literary talent caused by magnanimity will be mercilessly denied. Because television is always based on pictures, all words should serve the pictures. Adjectives should avoid three houses at this time, because no adjective can describe the picture being displayed. When the picture clearly shows the blue sky and blue sea, the audience will have a completely intuitive impression. If the comment is described again at this time, it is repeating information and gilding the lily.
Commentary can be some beautiful language, but it is not the same as the accumulation of gorgeous words. For example, the TV art film "Six-year-olds" shows a group of six-year-olds and their students rowing boats in the river network of the water town to catch the waterway. The commentary goes like this: "For many years, Shaoxing taipan's opera boats have been shuttling through the dense river in the water town. The sound of gongs and drums sticks to the river, flows to four townships and eight villages, and knocks on the doors and windows of every household. Opera singers make up on the water, and theater audiences travel on the water. Many children in water towns have therefore become obsessed fans. " This commentary explains the characteristics of water town drama, and also prepares for the self-report of the next six-year-old children learning drama. If this paragraph describes the mood of the six-year-old children and students on the ship and the scenery of the water town, it is actually a repetition of what has been told to the audience on the screen, and the information is insufficient. When the audience sees the picture, they actually want to know what is behind it. So the commentary should say what the audience wants to know and what the audience wants. Does TV commentary need decorative language? The answer is yes. The question is, what role does its modification play in a movie? Putting a large number of adjectives in a picture that has explained the problem, except confusing the audience's views and thinking, I am afraid it is difficult to play a greater role. Simple language doesn't mean boring. In the hands of those who can control them, they can also express profound ideological connotations. Some people always feel that they can't show their literary talent without gorgeous language. In fact, as long as there is a creative environment, a person's talent and personality will not be easily lost.
TV commentary must be accurate. An excellent commentary should not only express the theme and convey information well, but also be true and credible, which requires clarity and accuracy. A feature film is not a TV series, the plot is made up by people, and the dialogue is written by people. Not only does the audience care, but if it is well compiled, the audience will also have a lucky draw. TV feature films and TV documentaries are half-brothers, and there is even a kind of "equivalence theory", which holds that "TV feature films" are documentaries, and there is no difference between them, just two different titles of a program form. In any case, "TV feature films or documentaries are all based on real life, are all based on real people and real scenes in real life, and are all based on" authenticity ",which requires the use of documentary creation methods." Truth is the basis of TV special topics, and the commentary should also follow this principle and be accurate in writing. If the explanation is inaccurate and untrue, there will be no vitality and persuasiveness, and you will lose faith in the audience.
If comments are to be accurate, they must be based on facts. Only in this way can it be justified and credible. Of course, this accuracy does not exclude the use of literary means and rhetorical methods, such as metaphor, symbol, contrast, exaggeration, pun and other artistic means, but in specific applications, it should also be based on the truth of life and avoid flashy exaggeration. The TV feature film Memory of Leifeng Tower describes the collapse of Leifeng Tower very accurately. 1at one o'clock in the afternoon on September 25th, 924, at that moment, in Lou Yu on the north bank of the West Lake, Yu Pingbo, a red scientist, saw this thrilling collapse. 【 "At noon that day, a small part of the top of the tower had fallen and the birds scattered. When it collapsed, we looked from the building by the lake and saw only yellow smoke. " ] (Yu Pingbo)
An ancient pagoda that stood for thousands of years in the misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River collapsed.
The commentary here quoted the time when the Leifeng Tower collapsed, the waiting place of witnesses and the quotations of witnesses at that time. Judging from the theme of the film, when and how the Leifeng Tower collapsed is not the most important, but a true and accurate introduction is essential.
Third, the role of TV feature film commentary
TV commentary has always been attached to TV pictures. Although it is subordinate, it does not mean that it is not important. A complete TV project can only be called complete if it needs the cooperation of explanation. Without explanation, a project that relies entirely on the combination of pictures and other sound elements will encounter obstacles in communication, and the audience will have difficulties in understanding when information is scarce. At the same time, the commentary not only conveys the necessary information, runs through the logical clues of the film, but also plays a role in deepening the connotation and sublimating the theme. A good TV commentary, in addition to completing its most basic functions such as introduction, information supplement and cohesion, is more important to refine and extend the theme and connotation of the whole movie and become a spiritual channel for the author to communicate with the audience.
First of all, the extended function of TV commentary. Extension means that the commentary digs, refines and extends deeper ideological connotation from the specific content of TV pictures. In the feature film "A Bright World", there is a group of scenes that are social practice classes. Under the guidance of teachers in blind schools, blind children learn to cross the road and avoid obstacles with blind sticks in urban traffic. The commentary wrote: under the leadership of the teacher, the children went to this society. It is normal for them to stumble. They must learn to adapt to this society and deal with it independently, because, after all, one day they will grow up and the road ahead is their own. This explanation not only tells that blind children learn to walk independently with crutches, but also extends that the future road for blind children is difficult, but they must face it bravely alone. Behind it is the encouragement and expectation for blind children, and it is this extension that gives the picture more levels and more meaningful significance.
Secondly, the sublimation of TV comments. In TV feature films, image thinking is often attached to the picture, and abstract thinking is often contained in the explanation. Therefore, the rational expression and thoughts of works are mainly completed by comments. These comments themselves are the ideological sublimation of picture language.
At the end of "The Charm of Sand", the picture shows that the beach is gradually opened, and the waves are rolling around, washing away the golden beach. The commentary reads as follows:
These ingenious sand sculptures will soon disappear from the beaches of Zhujiajian Island Island.
Without exception, they look up at the sky, where the soul of immortal sand is waiting for the good day of the coming year.
At that time, artists will gather them together and let all people unite for a beautiful home and play a beautiful big sand sculpture together.
Then the sea will take them back into its arms.
Here, man and sand, sand and sea, nature and man, and man himself have all formed a complete and harmonious realm because of the perfection of interpretation. Sea is still sea, sand is still sand, but explanation gives them souls, so the theme is sublimated and the meaning is deeper. This is the charm of explanation.
Of course, the role of TV special comments is not just the above. We need to make further efforts to understand more and deeper explanation functions and make better use of them to better serve TV.