First, the construction of wasp domestication cage
Generally, the wasp domestication cage adopts a wooden frame, with nylon gauze at the top and around, and a thickened nylon zipper opening at one side of the cage (for managers to enter and exit). Cages are generally bottomless. Bury the bottom of the cage in the soil and fix it with wooden stakes and iron wires to prevent it from being blown down by the wind. A large number of cruciferous plants and small shrubs are planted in cages.
Second, the cultivation of wasp feed
Generally, it is the easiest to cultivate Pieris rapae when taming wasps. The method is to mash the leaves of cruciferous plants (preferably cabbage leaves), spread the mashed leaf juice on a clean paper, and then put the coated paper in the ground. Soon, many white butterflies will scramble to fly and land on paper to lay eggs. When they produce a certain number, they can take the paper to the leaves of cruciferous plants in bee cages and let them hatch and grow naturally.
Third, make bee catching tools.
Self-made bee nets can be used to catch and domesticate wild female bees. The net consists of a net handle, a net ring and a net bag. The length of the net handle is similar to its own height, and a bamboo pole or a wooden stick with a diameter of 2 cm can be used; The net ring is 35 cm in diameter, bent with thick iron wire, with both ends folded at right angles and fixed on the net handle; The handle of the net bag is made of dark nylon gauze, and the length of the net bag is about twice the diameter of the net ring. If it is convenient, you can also go directly to the fishing gear shop to buy a copy net and replace the nylon tulle.
Fourth, the way to catch wasps.
Hornets that live in the wild in spring are mated before wintering in winter, and can be domesticated after being caught. The capture method is as follows. 1. If you find a wasp flying in the air, just wave the net, wait for the bee to get into the net, quickly throw the bottom of the net up, turn it upside down with the bee, then put it in the domestication cage and let it fly out by itself. 2. If you see a wasp on the flower, you should walk gently and disturb it again. When the wasp flies, you can accurately catch the wasp in the net by swinging the bee net. This operation can prevent the flowers from being damaged. 3. If a wasp lands on a plant with thorns, it must wait until the wasp flies, otherwise the thorns on the plant will tear the bee net.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) domestication of wasps
Put the captured UAV into a domestication cage, which is filled with fibrous substances such as dead wood (for the UAV to nest) and fed with clear water and liquid feed. The general feeding method is to soak the liquid feed in a saturated state with absorbent filter paper or absorbent cotton, and feed it in a glassware. The disadvantages of this feeding method are: easy evaporation, drying, pollution, mildew and so on. The most ideal method is to put water and liquid feed into a bottle first, then put the bottle upside down in a glass dish covered with absorbent filter paper and absorbent cotton, and feed it to wasps through osmosis, which can avoid the above shortcomings. In the cage, according to the number of female bees caught, hang empty beehives (for wasps to build nests). Generally, when the temperature is constant above 17℃, wasps begin to fly into empty hives hanging in domesticated cages to build nests and lay eggs. At this time, in addition to nesting and laying eggs, females have to undertake the task of preying and feeding larvae. After pupating, the larvae can emerge into bees in about 15 days. The first generation of adult bees undertake the task of nesting and feeding larvae, while the original drones only undertake the task of laying eggs. At this time, with the increase of the number of bees and larvae in the nest, there should be enough Pieris rapae to ensure adequate feed supply. If the feed is insufficient, it will cause the danger of wasps eating larvae.
Six, the wasps in the field.
After the emergence of the first generation of adult bees, beehives can be moved directly to the ground without human management or feeding. They will rely on adult bees to catch all kinds of pests for food. Generally, during the occurrence period of the yellow-tailed nest moth, the hive door should be closed at night to prevent the yellow-tailed nest moth from entering the hive at night to lay eggs and endanger wasp larvae.
Seven. Overwintering management of wasps
At the beginning of June 5438+ 10, the hives in the field were put into bee cages and fed with LEPIDOPTERA insects and sugar, which increased the nutrition of bees and made them full of energy. When the temperature drops below 6℃, wasps will enter the hive for the winter and will not eat or move. At this time, the hive should be placed in a dry and ventilated room. When the temperature rises above 6℃, wasps begin to disintegrate. When the temperature is above 13℃, wasps begin to go out one after another, and they should be put into bee cages to feed. When the temperature is constant above 17℃, wasps enter the nesting state.
Eight, wasp product series
1. Collection of adults and larvae. It is appropriate to consider the end of pest control when collecting wasps raised artificially to control agricultural and forestry pests. Generally, the collection was carried out in June+10 in 5438, and the reply boxes were taken from the field to ensure that there were enough female bees in the coming year. Then the surplus adult and young bees are collected, scalded to death with boiling water, dried or dried in the sun, and then bumblebees and bumblebee seeds are made into traditional Chinese medicine and stored in dry porcelain or jars. 2. Beehive collection. Honeycomb collection is more convenient and easy. Collection should be carried out when wasps overwinter in groups, and the beehives in the beehives are picked up and dried to form Chinese medicine beehives. Step 3 collect wasp venom. Bee venom is a kind of venom stored in poison capsules, which is a highly complex mixture of pharmacological and biochemical activities and can be obtained by electrical stimulation. Before collecting venom, put the hives in the field into the hives at night, and put the venom collector at the mouth of the hives after dawn. When the wasp touches the stimulator of the venom collector, it is shocked, that is, the venom of the wasp is discharged. After collection, it is dissolved in distilled water, centrifuged for dust removal, and then freeze-dried to obtain wasp venom dry powder, which is stored in the refrigerator.
Nine, natural enemy control of medicinal wasps
1. The yellow-tailed nest moth belongs to Lepidoptera, Mothidae. The first generation of adults occurred in the middle and late May. The adult is 7.5 mm long and spreads its wings about 17 mm, and the male moth is slightly smaller than the female moth. After eclosion, adults mate quickly, fly to the wasp nest at night to lay eggs, and die three days later. The eggs of the yellow-tailed nest moth hatch into larvae in about 5 days, which are grayish white and walk flexibly in the hive to eat wasp larvae. The larvae pupate in about 12 days, and emerge into the second generation adults in the pupal stage of about 1 1 day. The first generation of yellow-tailed nest moth is about 30 days, and its reproduction rate is very high, and it moves at night, while wasps move during the day and rest on the nest at night, leaving yellow-tailed nest moth to lay eggs in the hive. It can be seen that once the yellow-tailed nest moth invades the hive, it is very likely that a large number of hives will be in danger of collapse. Prevention and control methods: According to the characteristics that the wasp's hive is not good at flying high, the wasp's hive is generally higher than the ground. Close the bee door every night to prevent the wasp from entering the hive to lay eggs, and open the air door the next morning to let the wasp go out for activities. 2. Rats. Rats mainly harm wasps who live in groups for the winter. If there are mice in the overwintering beehive, the whole box of overwintering bees will often be eaten up, and preventive measures must be taken as soon as possible.
X. the economic value of wasps
Honeycomb is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The national purchase price is per kilogram 17 yuan, and the diameter of each hive is generally about 50 cm. It is not a problem for an ordinary labor force to raise thousands of wasps, and an average of 250 grams of hives are collected from each nest, which has considerable economic benefits. In recent years, it has been reported at home and abroad that wasp venom has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-radiation effects, which has aroused medical attention. In Sigma, the largest toxin company in the world, the price of bee venom per ounce is as high as 30 dollars. Wasps are natural enemies of agricultural and forestry pests and can be used for biological control to kill pests. In grain, cotton and cash crops, stocking a certain number of wasps can save the cost of pesticides to control pests and diseases, increase yield and increase income. Putting wasps in the vegetable garden can reduce the pollution of pesticides on vegetables.
XI。 Matters needing attention in raising wasps
When collecting wasp venom, wasps are extremely irritable and most likely to sting people. After closing the beehive door at night, you must put the beehive in the beehive, and open the beehive door to receive electricity after dawn. People must observe outside the hive, take out the collected venom after dark at night, close the hive door, and then put the hive back in the field.
2. Two kinds of wasps that are not suitable for breeding.
(1) golden wasp. Bees are violent and often attack people and animals in their nests, which is extremely toxic. Stinging the buffalo will make it unable to lie down under anesthesia. If a person accidentally pokes a wasp's hive, a large group of wasps will fly in and attack intensively, causing serious injuries and even death.
② Tussah wasp. This kind of bee preys on tussah larvae and belongs to pests. It is not suitable for raising and should be killed.