Legal establishment is a requirement: the establishment of enterprises should conform to the national industrial policy and local industrial structure planning; The location of the enterprise conforms to the local urban and rural planning; Newly-built chemical enterprises must enter the chemical park (or concentrated area) in accordance with the relevant regulations, must undergo formal design, must be equipped with automatic monitoring system and necessary safety instrument system, and chemical enterprises in surrounding areas and urban areas should be relocated to enter the chemical park.
Complete licenses mainly refer to all kinds of enterprise safety licenses, including the "three simultaneities" review of construction projects and all kinds of corresponding safety licenses, which should not only be complete, but also be guaranteed within the validity period.
Establishing according to law is the first condition and premise of enterprise safety production. The administrative examination and approval of safety production is the primary gateway for hazardous chemical enterprises to enter, an important link to check whether enterprises have the basic conditions for safety production, and an important administrative means for safety supervision departments to strengthen safety production supervision. Illegal production has always been one of the main causes of accidents, especially a major group accident in which more than one person died. For example, on March 1 day, 2065438, a sulfuric acid storage tank in Liaoning Province exploded and leaked, resulting in 7 deaths and 2 injuries. The accident enterprise has not obtained industrial and commercial registration, and in the process of project construction, it has not gone through relevant procedures such as project feasibility study, environmental assessment, safety evaluation and design, except for temporary land occupation procedures.
Second, we must establish and strictly implement the responsibility system for all employees' safety in production, and strictly implement the leadership shift duty system.
The responsibility system for production safety is an important system for production safety of production and business units. It is an important basis for enterprises to strengthen safety management to establish and strictly implement the responsibility system for all employees' safety production. Strict leadership duty system is an important way to strengthen enterprise leaders' awareness of safety production responsibility, grasp the safety production trends in time, and is an important guarantee to deal with emergencies in time.
The primary potential factor of the accident is that the responsibility system for production safety is not perfect, not implemented, and the leadership shift duty system is not strictly enforced. For example, on February 3, 20 12, an aniline leakage accident occurred in Tianji Coal Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. of Shanxi Lu 'an Group, which triggered a regional environmental pollution incident and caused a direct economic loss of about 2,359,200 yuan. Although the direct cause of the accident was the rupture of the metal hose on the feed pipe of the accident storage tank, through investigation, it was found that the failure to implement the responsibility system for production safety (personnel on duty 18 hours without patrol) and the failure to strictly implement the duty system of leading shift are the important reasons leading to the accident.
Three, must ensure that employees meet the employment conditions and qualified by training, according to the law related certificates.
In the process of chemical production, storage and use, there are many kinds of dangerous chemicals with different characteristics, involving complex and diverse processes, equipment, instruments and electrical facilities. Especially in recent years, chemical production shows the development of large-scale and intensive devices, which puts forward higher requirements for employees. Therefore, the good quality of employees is the basic condition for chemical enterprises to realize safe production. Only after strict training, mastering production technology and equipment operation skills, being familiar with the potential safety hazards and preventive measures existing in this position, and obtaining evidence for the positions that need to be obtained according to law, can we undertake and complete our own work and ensure the safety of ourselves and the device.
The "three noes" personnel who do not meet the employment conditions, do not have relevant knowledge and skills and do not hold certificates are prone to accidents in chemical production. For example, on February 28th, 20 12, a major explosion accident occurred in Hebei Keer Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhaoxian County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, causing 29 deaths and 46 injuries, resulting in a direct economic loss of 44.59 million yuan. One of the main problems exposed by the accident is that the employees of the company do not have professional skills in chemical production. Most of the company's workshop directors and employees in important positions are farmers in the surrounding villages (below junior high school education), lacking the necessary professional knowledge and skills in chemical production, and failing to carry out effective safety education and training before taking up their posts, making the low-risk production process become a high-risk production process. In view of the sudden abnormal situation, we lack the knowledge and ability to deal with emergencies in time and effectively, which eventually leads to accidents.
Four, to strictly control the major hazards, strict management, scientific rescue in distress.
Strict control of major hazards of hazardous chemicals is an important way to effectively prevent and contain serious accidents, and it is a basic and long-term measure. 20112, 10 The Interim Provisions on Supervision and Management of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals (Order No.40 of the State Administration of Work Safety) which came into effect clearly put forward the requirements of perfecting the monitoring means and implementing the responsibility of safety supervision and management of major hazardous sources of hazardous chemicals. Due to the large number of dangerous chemicals that constitute a major hazard source of dangerous chemicals, once an accident occurs, the consequences and impact are enormous. For example, on August 26th, 2008, Guangxi Hechi Guangwei Chemical Co., Ltd. exploded, causing 2 1 person to die, 59 people to be injured, and more than * * *1.500 people were evacuated within 3km of the factory, resulting in a direct economic loss of 75.86 million yuan. Through investigation, it is found that the accident is directly related to the inadequate monitoring measures for major hazard sources in the tank farm. The accident storage tank is not equipped with monitoring instruments for measuring liquid level, temperature and pressure and combustible gas leakage alarm instruments.
Change management refers to the planned control of permanent or temporary changes in personnel, work processes, work procedures, technologies and facilities to ensure that the hazards brought by the changes are fully identified and the risks are effectively controlled. Changes are divided into process technology changes, equipment and facilities changes and management changes. Change management is a weak link in the safety management of chemical enterprises in China. When the change occurs, if the risk is not analyzed and safety measures are not taken, it is very easy to form a major accident, even an accident. For example, on July 6, 20 10, an oil pipeline explosion occurred in the crude oil tank farm of Dalian PetroChina International Storage and Transportation Co., Ltd., Liaoning Province, which caused serious environmental pollution. 1 worker disappeared and 1 fire fighter died. This accident is a typical case of not strictly implementing the change management procedure. In the accident device, the active component of crude oil hydrogen sulfide remover was changed from organic amine to hydrogen peroxide, the component of hydrogen sulfide remover changed, and the operating conditions in the filling process also changed. However, the enterprise did not carry out risk analysis on these changes, nor did it formulate a risk control plan, which led to a fire and explosion accident during the filling process. The fire continued to burn 15 hours, and the leaked crude oil flowed into the nearby sea area.
When working in distress, blind rescue without ensuring one's own safety will often enlarge the accident and lead to injuries or even deaths of rescuers. For example, on May 26, 20 12, a poisoning accident occurred in Dafeng Yuelong Chemical Co., Ltd., Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, killing two people. The cause of the accident was that the toxic gas escaping from the tail gas absorption post accumulated in the closed space, which led to the poisoning of the operators on duty. In the process of organizing rescue, the staff on duty blindly rescued because of improper preventive measures, resulting in three rescuers being poisoned one after another.
Five, must be in accordance with the requirements of the "implementation guide" for the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents in hazardous chemicals enterprises.
Hidden trouble is the root of the accident. The investigation and management of hidden dangers is the most basic task of safety production, the most effective means to prevent and reduce accidents, and also an important basic work of safety production.
The Implementation Guide for the Investigation and Management of Accident Hidden Dangers in Hazardous Chemical Enterprises puts forward clear requirements and detailed provisions for enterprises to establish and constantly improve the system and mechanism for the investigation of hidden dangers, formulate and improve the management system, and solidly carry out the investigation and management of hidden dangers. The investigation of hidden dangers went through the motions, and the hidden dangers were not eliminated in time, which may be the cause of the accident. For example, on 20 1 1, 165438, an explosion occurred in the gas fractionation workshop of Songyuan Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Jilin Province, resulting in 4 deaths and 1 serious injuries and 6 minor injuries. After investigation, it was found that hydrogen sulfide corrosion existed in the gas fractionation unit at the time of the accident. Before the accident, the phenomenon of hydrogen sulfide exceeding the standard was serious. Enterprises failed to shorten the period of equipment monitoring and inspection, investigate hidden dangers and strengthen maintenance, which fully exposed the inadequate management of hidden dangers in enterprises and laid the groundwork for accidents. First, it is forbidden to run equipment and facilities in spite of illness and stop using alarm interlocking system without approval.
Equipment and facilities are the basis of chemical production, and equipment and facilities operating with diseases are one of the main sources of accidents. For example, on May 9th, 20 10, a naphtha storage tank fire occurred in the No.2 storage tank of the Refinery Division of Sinopec Gao Qiao Branch, causing the top of No.2 tank 16 13 to be lifted and the top of No.3 tank 16 15 to be partially cracked, resulting in economic losses of more than 600,000 yuan. The direct cause of the accident was the corrosion and perforation of the aluminum floating plate of 16 13# oil tank, which led to the spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfide in the tank when exposed to air. From 2003 to the time of the crime, the accident enterprise only made an inner wall anticorrosion, and the naphtha tank wall and aluminum floating tray were seriously corroded, and they kept running with illness, which eventually led to the accident.
Alarm interlocking system is an effective means to standardize the safety production management of hazardous chemicals enterprises, reduce safety risks, ensure the smooth operation and safety production of devices, an important measure to prevent accidents and an effective way to improve the intrinsic safety level of enterprises. Without approval, stopping the alarm interlocking system without authorization will cause great hidden dangers to safety production. For example, on July 1 1 1, a fire accident occurred in the aromatics complex of Huizhou Refinery Branch of China Offshore Oil Refining Company, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, causing structural damage to the pump bearings, seals, import and export pipelines and nearby pipelines, cables and pipe corridors of the reformed oil separator. The direct reason is that the thrust bearing at the non-driving end of the pump at the bottom of the reforming oil separation tower is damaged, which leads to severe vibration and displacement of the shaft, resulting in serious damage to the two-stage mechanical seal at the non-driving end of the pump and leakage. The leaked medium meets the high temperature caused by the hard friction between the shaft sleeve and the sealed end cover, which leads to a fire. However, the investigation found that an important reason for the accident was that the instrument system did not set the low level signal of the mechanical seal oil tank of the pump according to the specification because of the lack of DCS channel, and the signal entering the control room was only set with status display and silent light alarm, which led to the failure of the personnel on duty in the control room to find the abnormal situation in time.
Two, it is forbidden to flammable and toxic gas leakage alarm system in an abnormal state.
The warning system of combustible gas and toxic gas leakage is an important early warning means of combustible gas and toxic gas leakage. When the content of flammable and toxic gases exceeds the requirements of safety regulations but cannot be detected, accidents are prone to occur. For example, on 20 1 1654381October 20th, a space explosion occurred in the 2# polymerization workshop of No.2 Resin Factory of Yushe Chemical Co., Ltd., resulting in 4 deaths, 2 serious injuries, 3 minor injuries and economic losses of 25 million yuan. Although the direct cause of the accident was the crack of the weld between the vinyl chloride monomer feed pipe at the top of No.9 kettle and the upper elbow connected below the control valve of the main vent pipe, which was located on the south side of the fourth floor of the second polymerization device, the leaked vinyl chloride leaked into the starting switch of the discharge pump of the polymerization kettle on the concrete column next to the discharge pump on the east side of the first floor of No.9 kettle, which led to the explosion of the vinyl chloride gas space in the factory building, but the leaked gas detector, which should have played an alarm role, failed to prevent the accident, which eventually led to the accident.
Third, without approval, it is strictly forbidden to do hot work, enter confined spaces, heights, hoisting, temporary electricity use, ground breaking, inspection and maintenance, blind plate plugging and other operations.
Chemical enterprises are at greater risk in hot work, entering confined spaces, heights, hoisting, temporary electricity consumption, ground breaking, inspection and maintenance, and blind plate plugging. Strict safety management of the eight major operations is to check whether the risks in the operation process are comprehensively analyzed, whether the operation conditions are met, whether the safety measures are sufficient and implemented, and whether the relevant personnel confirm and sign on the spot as required. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the operation process, and there should be guardians to conduct on-site supervision during the operation process. Personal injury and death accidents caused by imperfect examination and approval system and inadequate implementation occur from time to time. For example, on June 29th, 20 10, a flammable gas deflagration accident occurred in the crude oil transfer station130,000 cubic meter crude oil storage tank of Liaoyang Petrochemical Company, Liaoning Province during the tank cleaning operation, resulting in 3 deaths and 7 injuries to the operators in the tank. One of the main reasons for the accident was that the person in charge of the work site led the workers into the work site without the presence of the supervisor. At the same time, the safety measures in the Limited Space Work Ticket and the Limited Space Work Safety Supervision Card were not implemented, and the valve was used instead of the blind plate for signature confirmation, which made the operators work in an environment with great hidden dangers and led to accidents.
Four, it is forbidden to command and force others to take risks.
Illegal command often brings extra risks and injuries to operators, even a bloody lesson. Commanding in violation of regulations and forcing others to take risks are bad behaviors that ignore the safety of others and often become the cause of accidents. For example, on July 28th, 20 10, Yangzhou Hongyun Building Supporting Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province leveled the former site of Nanjing No.4 Plastic Factory at Wanshou Village 15, Maigaoqiao Street, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. In the process of land demolition, the excavator dug through the underground propylene pipeline, and the propylene leaked and was deflagrated by open fire, resulting in 22 deaths./kloc-0 was hospitalized on October 20. One of the main reasons for the accident was the lack of safety management in site construction, the blind construction of the construction team, and the person in charge of the site operation knew that there was an underground propylene pipeline in the demolished plot, but ignored the danger, commanded illegally, and acted savagely, resulting in the pipeline being dug through, which led to a major accident.
Five, it is strictly prohibited to operate illegally, take off the post and do things that have nothing to do with their jobs.
During the on-the-job period, if the operator leaves his post without permission, goes to work after drinking, and engages in something unrelated to his work, once there is an abnormal situation in the production process, it will often lead to serious consequences if it cannot be found and handled in time. For example, on September 14, 2008, an explosion accident occurred in Jin Hang Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province, resulting in two deaths, 1 missing and two minor injuries. The cause of the accident was that the operator on duty left his post illegally during the nitration reaction of dropping isooctyl alcohol, and the reaction was out of control, which failed to be found and disposed of in time.