It is the development direction of teaching reform in higher vocational colleges to jointly build training bases between schools and enterprises, build a new training teaching system, and implement the teaching mode of "combination of work and study" and "integration of teaching and learning". Higher vocational colleges should closely combine the actual situation of local industries and enterprises, strengthen the construction of training bases, reform the training teaching mode, and make personnel training more suitable for the needs of local economic development.
Keywords: production-teaching training base, work-study combination
Higher vocational colleges should follow the changes of market demand in time, actively adapt to the needs of regional economic and social development, make full use of school-running conditions, adjust and set majors in a targeted manner, strengthen cooperation with enterprises, and build a new practical teaching system according to the idea of building a productive training base combining production with education, so as to cultivate students' practical ability and innovation ability, and make personnel training more suitable for the needs of local economic development.
After three years of reform, Yantai Automobile Engineering Vocational College has initially established a training base that is in line with the local automobile industry, and trained a large number of applied technical talents for the Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and the Peninsula manufacturing industry. This paper mainly discusses the exploration and practice of Yantai Automobile Engineering Vocational College in the construction of training base and the implementation of the integrated teaching mode of "work-study alternation" and "teaching-doing", hoping to promote the construction of training base in higher vocational colleges in China under the new situation.
A, automobile professional training base teaching system construction
The construction of practical teaching system is the key to the training mode of higher vocational talents. Its construction depends on the requirements of "post" and "skill". The practical teaching system and the theoretical teaching system complement each other, with special emphasis on the internal connection and organic combination between practical links to realize the system function. At the same time, we should pay attention to the continuity, hierarchy and application of practical teaching system, and practical skills training needs continuous training.
Yantai Automobile Engineering Vocational College takes Shandong Automobile Engineering Vocational Education Group, which is led by our school, as the starting point, and according to the new requirements of the blue economic zone of the peninsula and the construction of manufacturing industry in the peninsula, combined with the college's own conditions and school-running characteristics, it has conducted in-depth research in major enterprises, extensively discussed with enterprise experts issues such as curriculum setting, practical link arrangement, professional ability requirements, and professional quality expansion, reformed the curriculum system, strengthened the construction of productive training bases, and arranged different types of training in different semesters according to the talent training scheme and enterprise research.
For example, according to the students' knowledge and actual situation, the training of automobile structure, engine electronic control technology, chassis electronic control technology, automobile detection technology, automobile electrical equipment and maintenance, post practice and graduation design are arranged in turn, so that students can gradually master the structure, composition and detection methods of electronic control engines in various departments of automobiles, as well as the correct placement, classification and maintenance methods of parts after disassembly. The principles and methods of fault diagnosis and detection of automobile electronic control engine and automobile four-wheel positioning detection can analyze the system lines and the whole vehicle of a typical automobile, cultivate students' good work habits and practical ability, cultivate students' social adaptability, learn communication and teamwork, improve their practical work ability and reach the proficiency required by enterprises, gradually adapt to professional life and enhance their employability, so as to complete the initial transition of students from study posts to work posts and ensure that the personnel training specifications are suitable for local economic construction.
Second, the connotation construction of automobile professional training base
1. The training center is multifunctional.
On the basis of enterprise demand investigation, in view of the situation that Yantai is dominated by manufacturing industry and all industries are developing together, the training base has established relevant vocational qualification training and skill appraisal centers while providing training platforms for students, providing services such as job transfer training, re-employment training, vocational qualification training and skill appraisal for society and enterprises, providing scientific research places for teachers and enterprise technicians, and providing technical services for society. For example, short-term classes such as "enterprise pre-job training class", "foreman class", "operation ability training class" and "advanced theory upgrading class" are held to identify vocational skills. The base can provide one-stop service for small and medium-sized enterprises in product design, trial production and small batch production, so that students of different levels can participate in different aspects of internship throughout the whole process and realize the integration of production and education at different levels. While improving the college's popularity, it also received good social benefits.
2. Establish a steering committee for professional curriculum construction.
Yantai Automobile Engineering Vocational College has set up a professional course construction steering committee composed of enterprise experts, university professors and experts from scientific research institutions, which allows enterprise experts to participate in the determination of school-running objectives and the demonstration of the specifications and quality of skilled personnel training, give necessary guidance to the college's teaching reform, specialty and course construction, and participate in the teaching of teaching materials and student training courses, so as to ensure that the base construction adapts to the characteristics of local economic construction, and the teaching process is combined with the production process, especially the compilation of vocational training textbooks, production technology and management textbooks. The content of practical teaching is directly integrated into the production process, so that students can learn and master the corresponding knowledge and skills through their own practical operation under the guidance of practical instructors or enterprise technicians, which not only exercises their practical ability, but also enables them to understand the production management process of enterprises.
3. The campus base and the off-campus base are organically combined to build a complete training system.
Whether the training goal of higher vocational education can be realized depends on the depth and breadth of school-enterprise cooperation. Based on the principle of diversification of construction subjects, Yantai Automobile Engineering Vocational College keeps close contact with industrial enterprises, constantly improves the conditions of training bases, and actively explores a new mode of building productive training bases on campus through school-enterprise cooperation. Schools provide venues and management, enterprises provide equipment, technology and teacher support, and schools organize training. At the same time, strengthen and promote off-campus practice. Off-campus training base enterprises not only provide equipment, materials and professional technical services for professional teachers to participate in production practice and student practice, but also create employment opportunities for graduates. In this way, the enterprise and the school are organically combined, and the teaching place of the school extends to the enterprise, which is not only a place for students to work, but also a place for learning. Students are not only learners of technology, but also users of technology and skills, students and employees of enterprises, thus expanding the space for school teaching and students' learning, and gaining professional promotion and practical ability training in the internship process.
4. The training base implements open management to improve students' autonomous learning ability.
In order to adapt to the change of graduates' positions and cultivate the advanced skilled talents needed by enterprises, the Automobile Inspection and Maintenance Technology Center implements an open management mode for students in school, realizes open teaching, allows students to make full use of teaching instruments and equipment, creatively carry out advanced amateur training programs, and allows students to exercise in the training base in their spare time, with the guidance of professional and technical personnel. This measure can not only greatly improve students' skills, but also give full play to students' autonomy, and students' enthusiasm for participating in open teaching is very high. At the same time, with students as the main body, combined with professional characteristics, scientific and technological innovation activities are carried out to cultivate students' innovative ability and practical ability. Under the guidance of teachers, not only the skills are strengthened, but also the innovation ability is improved.
5. Create an environment for cultivating quality.
In order to let students get practical training and comprehensive quality training in the real professional environment according to the requirements of basic skills and skills for future professional posts, the environmental layout and post setting of the training base should be as close as possible to the layout model of advanced enterprises. For example, some corporate culture slogans are posted in places where students can see everywhere, and job responsibilities, requirements and operation specifications are posted on production lines, so as to create a professional atmosphere through the layout of these environments. In order to be close to the actual process and requirements of professional posts, improve the management and cultural construction level of the training base, and make students' study and training consistent with the real work scene, the training base introduces the "5S" management system into the daily management of the training room, which effectively strengthens the cultivation of students' professional quality. The "5S" management system consists of five romanized Japanese words beginning with "S", namely, literacy (Shitsuke), rectification (Seiton), cleaning (Seiso), cleaning (Seikeetsu) and sorting (Seiri), so it is abbreviated as "5S". It is necessary to improve students' overall professionalism, let students feel moved from their thoughts to their hearts, and then turn them into actions, change their way of thinking and the quality of actions, and finally develop good professionalism. ? Three, the training base system construction and operation mechanism
System construction is one of the main tasks of base connotation construction. The training base of Yantai Automobile Engineering Vocational College should establish and improve the management system of vocational education training base, establish the internal management system of training base, and generally establish various systems including technical management, equipment management, personnel management, fixed assets management and other management, so as to make the training base have reasonable personnel structure, clear job responsibilities, standardized and orderly operation and complete assessment methods.
1. Profit-making operation mode of win-win between school and enterprise.
The orientation of the demonstration base is "combining production with education, focusing on teaching". It is necessary to carry out teaching around production, do a good job in teaching and promote production, achieve a high degree of unity of "producing products and cultivating talents", pursue meager profits in economic benefits, and ensure the normal operation of the base itself. In the process of participating in the market-oriented operation, the enterprise, as the scientific research or production department of the cooperative enterprise, provides raw materials and a small number of technical and quality management personnel to participate in the production management in the school, and the enterprise only needs to pay for the necessary production. Through the cooperation between industry and university, enterprises can attract a group of excellent students as their own employees, solve the shortage of skilled talents in enterprises, and finally achieve a win-win situation.
2. Organize production around teaching to ensure the quality of teaching production.
Full-time teachers in the base are the main body, part-time teachers in enterprises participate, and * * * is responsible for the production of the base and the organization and management of on-campus training. When there is an enterprise's production task, the enterprise and the base should jointly make a production plan to ensure the smooth completion of the production task. At the same time, the post arrangement, teaching content and training content should be integrated into the production plan to ensure the completion of teaching tasks.
3. Shift from pure consumer training to productive training to reduce the training cost of the base.
Cooperative enterprises have many typical mature products, which can provide raw materials, organize processing and production in schools, and let students get exercise in production practice. At the same time, in the process of training, we should strengthen students' awareness of cost control and standardize students' operation to reduce the damage rate of equipment. In the training assessment, the product qualification rate is also regarded as one of the main indicators of skill assessment, so that students can develop good quality of cost and quality control in the training process. In the process of production practice, it is inevitable to produce defective products. Although these products can't meet the product quality requirements, students can use them in their daily practice.
Fourthly, thinking about the construction of training base.
Yantai Automobile Engineering Vocational College gives full play to the cooperative advantages of vocational education groups and seeks strong support from large enterprises in key areas such as teacher training and student internship. After several years of collectivization practice, remarkable results have been achieved, which provides an ideal platform for the reform of talent training mode and curriculum, and creates conditions for school-enterprise cooperation and work-study combination. However, due to the constraints of the system, there are still many areas between schools and enterprises that have not been touched, the depth of cooperation needs to be further expanded, and the cooperation mechanism needs to be further improved. In particular, the cooperation in professional development and curriculum development still has great potential, which needs us to explore continuously.
First of all, double-qualified teachers are a bottleneck in the development of the base. The training base should not only meet the needs of teaching, but also carry out production. Teachers are required to be familiar with both teaching and enterprise management and production, otherwise the efficiency of the base will be reduced. However, the cultivation of double-qualified teachers needs a long process. Hiring experienced engineers from enterprises often needs to adjust the teaching plan due to the needs of enterprises, which has a great influence on the teaching order.
Second, the combination of professional development, curriculum development and Industry-University-Research needs to be further deepened. At present, most teachers in the base are part-time, and they usually have heavy teaching tasks, which greatly restricts the professional development and curriculum development. Entrust orders by enterprises and postponement of horizontal cooperation projects affect the enthusiasm of enterprises for cooperation.
Third, we should try our best to change teachers' ideas and improve their enthusiasm. Most teachers are used to classroom teaching, lacking the experience of organizing and managing real production lines, and students have many problems in production training, which is difficult to manage and intense in work. These factors affect teachers' enthusiasm, so it is necessary to formulate relevant incentive measures to guide teachers.
Fourth, continuously improve the time utilization rate and capacity utilization rate of existing equipment, continuously enhance the universality of training equipment, and avoid the idleness and waste of training equipment caused by professional adjustment.
refer to
[1] Construction and research of production training base in Liu Jie, Zhang Xiaobing [J]. Education and occupation, 2011(06):160-162.
[2] Hu Bangyao's exploration and practice on the establishment of "work-study combination" talent training mode in higher vocational colleges [J]. China Vocational and Technical Education, 2009 (2 1): 68-70.
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