Ancient musical instrument materials
First, the classification of ancient "eight tones"
In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a method to classify musical instruments according to different materials, which was divided into eight categories: gold, stone, silk, bamboo, wood, earth, leather and wood, and it was called "eight tones". For more than 3,000 years from the weekend to the early Qing Dynasty, China has been using the "eight-tone" classification.
Gold: mainly bells, which prevailed in the Bronze Age. In ancient times, the clock was not only a musical instrument, but also a ritual vessel symbolizing status and power. Princes and nobles widely use bell music in various ceremonies, banquets and daily Yan music, such as courtship and sacrifice. The positive drum part and the side drum part of a bell can emit two frequency tones, which are generally three-degree intervals. In addition, there are Qing, Yu and Gou, which are basically the deformation of the clock.
Stone: all kinds of chimes, mainly limestone, followed by bluestone and jade. They are all in the shape of a sentence, and the bottom is slightly bent. Different sizes and thicknesses. The metal frame is made of copper and has a single-sided double-layer structure, and the cross beam is circular and tubular. The column and base are all monster shapes, with faucets, cranes' necks, birds' bodies and turtle feet. Unique shape, exquisite and firm production. The chin is suspended in two layers, each layer is divided into two groups, one group is six pieces, arranged according to the relationship of four or five degrees; A group of ten pieces, the relationship between two adjacent chins is two degrees, three degrees and four degrees. They are combined in different tones.
Silk: all kinds of stringed instruments, because ancient strings were made of silk. There are Qin, Qin, Zhu, Pipa, Huqin, Zijiao and so on.
Bamboo: bamboo wind instruments, flutes, flutes, flutes, flutes, pipes, etc.
"Shu" refers to the fruit of cucurbitaceae, and the musical instrument made of Shu is mainly Sheng.
Earth: namely, pottery musical instruments, Tao Di, pottery drums, etc.
Pi: Mainly all kinds of drums, mainly hanging drums and building drums.
Wood: Very few now. There are all kinds of wooden drums, flutes and rafters. Cuo is an ancient percussion instrument. It looks like a crouching tiger, with serrated thin boards on its back. One end of the bamboo tube is split into several pieces, and its sawtooth pronunciation is scraped out in the opposite direction, ending the music. Used in court music of past dynasties. It is often an ancient percussion instrument. Shaped like a square wooden box, the top is wide and the bottom is narrow. It is said that the music will begin by tapping its inner wall with a vertebral rod. Used in court music of past dynasties.
Brief introduction of ancient musical instruments
Musical instruments that can produce musical sounds and then create musical art. Humans express and communicate their thoughts and feelings by playing musical instruments. Music and musical instruments have different views on the definition of musical instruments. The music industry believes that the vocal instruments used for music are musical instruments; Musical instrument scholars usually regard many non-musical sounders as musical instruments, such as ringing gold drums in ancient wars, chanting prayers in religion, etiquette signals in weddings and funerals, signal devices for vendors' recruitment, and even some production tools and daily necessities as musical instruments, such as bows, saws, pestles, bowls, cups and plates. The main products of the musical instrument production industry are basically musical instruments related to the music industry, that is, musical instruments that can be recreated in the music art, and also produce a few bells, camel bells, oil cards, car horns and so on. The production of musical instruments is different from that of general industrial products. It not only requires the product to have a reasonable and exquisite appearance, but also must have good acoustic quality, including timbre, music and specified pitch height. So the choice of materials is very strict.
Musical Instrument Development of Ancient Musical Instruments
With the rapid development of China's national economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the state attaches great importance to the development of cultural and sports industry and has introduced various policies and measures to support the development of cultural and sports industry. As one of the more important sunrise industries in the cultural and sports industry, China's musical instrument manufacturing industry has also gained good development opportunities.
China's musical instrument manufacturing industry has basically formed a relatively complete industrial production system, which can basically process all kinds of musical instruments in the world, with a complete variety. There are about 65,438+0,200 models and specifications for pianos, violins and western wind instruments, with more than 30,000 specifications. Major musical instruments such as piano have formed a professional production pattern, and professional processing plants for major piano parts such as piano iron plates, soundboards, percussion instruments and shells have begun to take shape.
According to the data of the Forecast and Analysis Report on Production and Marketing Demand and Investment of Chinese Musical Instrument Manufacturing Industry, as of 20 10 and 12, there are 3 19 enterprises above designated size in Chinese musical instrument industry, with total assets of1523 billion yuan and industrial sales output value of 1935438+000. Among them, Guangdong Province is the largest province in China's musical instrument industry, and the sales output value of musical instrument industry reached 523 1 billion yuan at the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, nearly double that at the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan.
At the same time, the influence and competitiveness of Chinese musical instruments in the world musical instrument market have also begun to appear. The price advantage, resource advantage and improving product quality of Chinese musical instruments have won the favor of most international musical instrument manufacturers, distributors and consumers. By the end of February 20 10, Chinese musical instruments had been exported to 183 countries and regions, with an export value of146.7 billion yuan, an increase of 58.94% over the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and the annual growth rate exceeded the planned 8%- 10%. In 2008, China has jumped from the third largest exporter of musical instruments to the largest exporter of musical instruments in the world, and has remained unchanged for three consecutive years. In terms of musical instrument import, at the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, China's musical instrument import reached US$ 229 million, an increase of 80.3 1% compared with the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan, and the average annual growth rate was more than 3 percentage points higher than the export growth rate. The domestic musical instrument manufacturing industry has formed a number of modern musical instrument enterprises, such as Guangzhou Zhujiang Piano Group Company, Beijing Xinghai Piano Group Company and Ningbo Hailun Piano Co., Ltd., which have attracted worldwide attention in terms of enterprise scale, economic benefits and production technology. In addition, the brand products of enterprises have increased substantially, the scale operation and brand strategy have been improved day by day, the level of scientific research has been gradually improved, product innovation has achieved remarkable results, product quality has been strengthened day by day, and vocational training and talent team have been further strengthened. With the further implementation of Chinese musical instrument brand strategy, more brands will enter the international market, thus enhancing the competitiveness of the industry.