Hospital infection refers to the infection acquired by inpatients in the hospital. How to manage effectively is the primary responsibility of the hospital. So how much do you know about hospital infection management? The following are my questions and answers about the knowledge of hospital infection management. I hope you like it!

Questions and answers about hospital infection management knowledge;

1. What is hospital infection?

A: Nosocomial infection refers to the infection acquired by inpatients in the hospital, including the infection during hospitalization and the infection after discharge, but excluding the infection that started before admission or was in the incubation period when admission. The infection acquired by hospital staff also belongs to hospital infection.

2. What is iatrogenic infection?

A: Iatrogenic infection refers to the infection caused by the spread of pathogens in medical services.

The factors that easily cause iatrogenic infection include: repeated invasive operations; Using medical instruments or equipment that fail to pass disinfection or sterilization; The medical environment is seriously polluted, such as the surface of objects, air and the hands of medical staff. And importing contaminated drugs, blood or blood products; Occupational exposure of medical staff and so on.

3. According to the different sources of pathogens, what kinds of nosocomial infections can be divided into?

A: According to the different sources of pathogens acquired by patients in the hospital, nosocomial infection can be divided into exogenous infection and endogenous infection.

4. What is exogenous infection?

A: Exogenous infection is also called cross infection, and its pathogen comes from outside the patient's body, such as from other patients, medical staff, diagnosis and treatment equipment, hospital environment and so on.

5. What is endogenous infection?

A: Endogenous infection, also known as self-infection, comes from patients themselves (skin, oropharynx, intestine, urogenital tract, etc. ) permanent or temporary bacteria. Endogenous infection can occur when the immune function of human body decreases or the microecological environment in the body is unbalanced. With the in-depth monitoring of nosocomial infection, exogenous infection decreased obviously and endogenous infection increased, which became the main type of nosocomial infection.

6. What are the epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infection?

A: (1) Characteristics of infection chain: The transmission process of exogenous infection must have three basic links, namely, the source of infection, the route of transmission and the susceptible population, all of which are indispensable.

(2) Pathogenic form: Hospital infections are mostly sporadic, and sometimes outbreaks may occur. Exogenous infection can occur in the form of sporadic or outbreak. Endogenous infection is sporadic.

(3) Characteristics of prevention and control: Most exogenous infections can be prevented and controlled by standardizing medical staff's diagnosis and treatment operations and strictly disinfecting and isolating.

The occurrence of endogenous infection is based on the patient's basic diseases, diagnosis and treatment measures and other factors. And it is difficult to effectively prevent and control. However, the risk of infection can be reduced by reasonably using antibacterial drugs and immunosuppressive drugs to improve the immune function of the body.

(4) Distribution characteristics of departments: Hospital infection mostly occurs in high-risk departments of hospitals, mainly including intensive care units, neonatal wards, neurosurgery, burns, cardiothoracic surgery, respiratory department, hematology department and nephrology ward.

(5) Distribution characteristics of infection sites: In view of the different risk factors of hospital infection in different countries, the main sites leading to hospital infection are also different. In the United States, the main infection sites are urinary tract, surgical site, lower respiratory tract and blood stream infection. The main infection sites in China are respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract and surgical site infection, accounting for more than 80% of the whole hospital infection.

7. What are the key departments/departments of hospital infection control?

A: The key departments/departments of hospital infection control refer to the departments with high incidence of hospital infection and important role in preventing hospital infection. Such as intensive care unit, neonatal ward (maternal and infant room), transplant ward, burn ward, operating room, delivery room, catheter room, disinfection supply center, endoscope room, stomatology department, blood purification center, infectious diseases department, etc.

8. What are the common sources of hospital infection?

A: Common sources of nosocomial infection mainly include patients, carriers or self-infection, contaminated medical devices, contaminated blood or blood products, and environmental storage sources.

9. What are the main transmission routes of hospital infection?

A: There are mainly the following ways of transmission of hospital infection:

(1) Contact transmission is the most common and important transmission route of hospital infection. Including direct contact transmission and indirect transmission. Common diseases transmitted by contact include intestinal infection, multi-drug resistant bacteria infection and skin infection.

(2) Droplet transmission-Droplet-transmitted diseases include whooping cough, diphtheria, influenza and viral mumps.

(3) Airborne-Common airborne diseases include tuberculosis, measles and chickenpox.

10. Which groups are prone to nosocomial infection?

A: The susceptible population of hospital infection mainly includes:

(1) Patients with serious basic diseases, such as diabetes, malignant tumor and chronic kidney disease.

(2) the elderly and infants.

(3) Patients receiving various immunosuppressive treatments, such as anticancer drugs, radiotherapy and immunosuppressants.

(4) Patients who have been treated with antibacterial drugs for a long time, resulting in microecological imbalance in the body.

(5) Patients undergoing various invasive diagnosis and treatment operations.

What are the risk factors of nosocomial infection?

Answer: (1) Abuse of antibacterial drugs destroys the ecological balance of normal flora; (2) Repeated use of invasive operations; (3) Serious environmental pollution, including all medical devices, air, hands of medical staff and surfaces of all medical devices in the hospital;

(4) Susceptible population: infants, the elderly, critically ill patients after major surgery, patients with chronic basic diseases, patients with severe primary diseases, and those who use immunosuppressants, radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

12. What is hospital infection management?

A: Hospital infection management is an organized and planned prevention, treatment and control activity aimed at iatrogenic infection and related risk factors in medical activities, summarizing the occurrence law of hospital infection and reducing hospital infection.

13. 1986 what are the five effective measures recommended by who to prevent nosocomial infection in the world?

Answer: It includes disinfection, isolation, aseptic operation, rational use of antibacterial drugs, monitoring and evaluation of the effect of controlling infection through monitoring.

14. What are the laws, regulations and standards related to hospital infection management?

Answer: People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Regulations on the Management of Medical Wastes, Regulations on the Management of Medical Wastes in Medical and Health Institutions, Regulations on the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Measures on the Management of Infectious Diseases in Medical Institutions, Measures on the Management of Hospital Infection, Diagnostic Criteria for Hospital Infection (for Trial Implementation), Classified Catalogue of Medical Wastes, Medical Guiding Principles for Clinical Application of Antibacterials and Operating Specifications for Endoscopic Cleaning and Disinfection Technology. Guiding Principles for Occupational Exposure Protection of Medical Staff against HIV (Trial), Operating Specifications for Disinfection of Oral Medical Devices in Medical Institutions, Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Health on Strengthening Hospital Infection Control of Multi-drug-resistant Bacteria, Management Specifications for Hospital Infection Outbreak Report and Disposal, Management Specifications for Hospital Disinfection Supply Center, Operating Specifications for Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization Technology of Hospital Disinfection Supply Center, Monitoring Standard of Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization Effect in Hospital Disinfection Supply Center, Hand Hygiene Standard of Medical Staff, Technical Standard of Hospital Isolation, Monitoring Standard of Hospital Infection, Management Standard of Hemodialysis Room in Medical Institutions, etc.

15. who is the hospital infection management Committee?

A: The Hospital Infection Management Committee is composed of the main leaders of the hospital infection management department, medical department, nursing department, clinical department, disinfection supply room, operating room, clinical laboratory, pharmacy management department, equipment management department, logistics management department and other relevant departments, with the hospital president or the vice president in charge of medical work as the chairman.

16. What are the three-level management organizations of hospital infection?

A: (1) Hospital Infection Management Committee; (2) Hospital infection management departments and full-time staff; (3) Hospital infection management team in clinical departments.

17. according to the different scales of medical institutions, how to establish and improve hospital infection management organizations?

A: Medical institutions should establish and improve the organizational system of hospital infection management according to their different scales:

(1) A hospital with more than 100 inpatient beds shall set up a hospital infection management committee and an independent hospital infection management department.

(2) Hospitals with the total number of inpatient beds below 100 should designate departments responsible for the management of hospital infection.

(3) Other medical institutions should have full-time (part-time) staff engaged in hospital infection management.

(4) Each clinical department should set up a hospital infection management team.

18. What are the main contents of hospital infection management?

A: The main contents of hospital infection management include:

(1) Establish a hospital infection management organization, clarify responsibilities, and formulate hospital infection management rules and regulations according to the relevant national laws and regulations on hospital infection prevention and control and the actual situation of the hospital.

(2) Training all kinds of personnel in medical institutions on the knowledge of hospital infection prevention and control.

(3) Monitor, analyze and feedback hospital infection and its related risk factors, and put forward control measures for existing problems; Timely detection and control of hospital infection outbreaks.

(4) Implement hospital infection control measures, including: rational use of antibacterial drugs, strict cleaning, disinfection and isolation, strengthening aseptic technology operation, disinfection equipment management, disposable medical supplies management and medical waste management, and standardizing hospital infection high-risk departments, links and operation management.

(5) Occupational health protection for medical staff to prevent hospital infection.

19. What are the responsibilities of the Hospital Infection Management Committee?

Answer: (1) Seriously implement the laws, regulations, technical specifications and standards related to hospital infection management, formulate rules and regulations for preventing and controlling hospital infection and diagnostic standards for hospital infection, and supervise their implementation; (2) According to the requirements of preventing hospital infection and hygiene, review the basic standards, basic facilities and workflow of architectural design and key department construction in this hospital and put forward opinions; (3) study and determine the hospital infection management work plan in our hospital, and assess and evaluate the implementation of the plan; (4) Study and determine the key departments, key links, key processes, risk factors and intervention measures of nosocomial infection in our hospital, and clarify the responsibilities of relevant departments and personnel in preventing and controlling nosocomial infection; (5) To study and formulate the control scheme for the outbreak of nosocomial infection and the occurrence of unexplained infectious diseases or special pathogen infection cases in our hospital; (6) Establish a meeting system to regularly study, coordinate and solve problems related to hospital infection management; (7) According to the characteristics and drug resistance status of pathogenic bacteria in our hospital, cooperate with the Pharmaceutical Affairs Management Committee to put forward guiding opinions on the rational use of antibacterial drugs; (8) Other important matters related to hospital infection management.