Crayfish culture method 1: natural advantages

There are many branches, reservoirs, ponds and paddy fields in Guangdong, and the dense aquatic plants in the four seasons are suitable for lobsters to grow and hide. Guangdong is also a natural greenhouse with room temperature 10 ~ 32℃, which is most suitable for lobster to inhabit, breed and grow. Lobsters in Guangzhou can grow 365 days a year. In the north, when the temperature drops below 5℃ after 10 month, lobsters begin to hibernate until the beginning of April of the following year, which is one season less than that in Guangdong, and the shrimp culture yield in Guangdong is 1.5 times that in the north. Lobsters in northern winter began to hibernate and could not be caught, while lobsters in Guangdong were in the high-yield season and listed out of season, which filled the vacancy in the northern market and made considerable profits. You can also add some fish for ecological culture, such as catfish and grass carp, which can improve the water quality and use each other. Make full use of various feed resources in the pond to achieve a double harvest of shrimp and fish culture.

Crayfish culture method 2: technological matters

1, preparation before stocking. Before lobster stocking 15 days, the thickness of sludge discharged from pond should be kept within 15cm. After the excess sludge is removed, the pond is drained and cleaned, bacteria are killed by sun exposure, the ventilation rate of sludge is increased, and the intermediate products of sludge are decomposed and mineralized into simple inorganic substances. Then use quicklime 100 kg per mu to kill parasites, bacteria and pests and keep the pond slightly alkaline.

Freshwater crayfish are easy to escape in the pond where lobsters are cultured when water enters and it rains heavily. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the escape prevention facilities of the pond, and the materials can be asbestos tiles, cement tiles, plastic sheets, PVC nets and so on. As long as the materials are convenient and firm, and the escape prevention effect is good, 10 cm can be buried along the net around the pond, and the road surface is 50 cm higher. The inlet and outlet water should be filtered by a long-sleeved filter made of mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.25 mm (60 mesh).

The aquatic plants planted or transplanted in the pond after disinfection 15 days mainly include: water hyacinth, water hyacinth, water dropwort, aquatic bamboo leaves, water hyacinth, POTAMOGETON malayi and so on. The total area should account for about two-thirds of the total pool area, and some artificial concealment should be added at the same time. Within the range of 0.5 ~ 2m water conservation, part of base fertilizer should be properly applied, generally, decomposed organic fertilizer 150kg should be applied per mu, and snail culture 150kg should be applied in the main channel of river ditch.

2, the number of seedlings. When the above conditions are met, the shrimp species should be released in sunny morning or night, and the number of parent shrimps should be controlled below 50 kg per mu, and the male-female ratio should be 1.5: 1, or 65,438+10,000 larvae over 0 cm can be released per mu.

3. Feeding management. Go to the pond for observation many times a day, check the shelling, growth and feeding activities of shrimp seedlings, put in necessary aquatic plants and vegetables, regularly collect animal leftovers from the vegetable market, grind them and feed them. When a batch of shrimp larvae are found, wheat bran and soybean milk can be fed to strengthen nutrition, or more than 50 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure can be released per mu to cultivate zooplankton such as rotifers, technical horns and copepods that shrimp larvae like to eat. Always beware of natural enemies of lobsters, such as rats, water snakes, frogs, waterfowl and some fierce carnivorous fish, so that shrimps can grow to more than 6 cm in three months.

Lobsters prefer dark to light. They usually lurk in the dark places such as rocks and aquatic plants during the day, move at night, and like to live in groups, amphibians and reptiles. Lobsters often climb the land near the pond or lie on floating plants, so there is a saying? To raise shrimp well, raise grass first. The coverage rate of aquatic plants in shrimp ponds should account for more than one third. Planting aquatic plants has the following advantages: 1. Can provide shade for shrimp at high temperature. 2. Aquatic plants are beneficial for lobsters to find support points on them to shell. 3. The roots, stems and leaves of aquatic plants are good feed for lobsters.

The shrimp pond water is green all the year round, and the transparency should be kept at about 40 cm. The plankton in the water should be cultured naturally, and the animals should be fed at the bottom of the water, so raising lobsters not only saves manpower, but also costs no money.

Crayfish culture method 3: fishing

Lobster fishing is more convenient, and it is convenient to catch as many lobsters as you want, without drying ponds or purse seines. When selling, catch the big ones and keep the small ones. The big ones are sold as finished shrimps, and the small ones are kept as shrimps. This five-year rolling development does not need to spend money to buy seedlings, and two or three seasons can be harvested in one year. The first batch of lobsters we introduced, after four months of fishing, the average yield per mu can reach 500 Jin.

Five key points of crayfish culture: 1. Germplasm reason

Because crayfish have the habit of natural reproduction, most farmers adopt the breeding mode of releasing seeds for one year and breeding for many years, which will inevitably lead to the problem of inbreeding between lobsters, which will eventually lead to the degradation of lobster germplasm and smaller and smaller individuals, and in the breeding process, they all adopt the way of catching prawns and keeping them small. By the time the parent shrimps are selected around September every year, the big lobsters have been sold out, and only the smaller lobsters are left to the parent shrimps next year.

It is suggested that farmers should thoroughly clean the pond once every three years, clean all the lobsters in the pond without leaving one, and replace them with new parent lobsters in the next year, or introduce a certain number of large-scale lobsters from foreign farmers as parent lobsters around September every year. Note: When introducing parent shrimps, it is only necessary to introduce parent shrimps of one sex in the same place. If both male and female shrimp are introduced in the same place, there may also be inbreeding problems. The choice of parent shrimp requires complete appendages, strong physique, no disease and no injury, strong mobility, and the weight of each shrimp is about 30 ~ 50 grams.

Second, the reasons for water quality

In recent years, due to the influence of climatic factors, our province suffers from drought and little rain every spring, so most farmers have shallow pond water levels in spring. However, with the increase of temperature and feeding quantity, the decomposition of residual bait, feces and organic matter in the pond will have an adverse effect on water quality. At this time, there is no fresh exogenous water injected in time to adjust the water quality, and the quality of water will directly affect the feeding, shelling and growth of crayfish, which all restrict crayfish.

It is suggested that photosynthetic bacteria and quicklime should be used alternately every half month in the whole pond to improve water quality, adjust PH value of water body and reduce ammonia nitrogen content in the pond. In addition, calcium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied regularly to increase the ionized calcium content in pond water to promote the growth of crayfish. The dosage of calcium dihydrogen phosphate is generally 2 kg/μ m. When injecting external water, fresh water is injected every 7 ~ 10 days, and the amount of water exchanged each time is about 15% ~ 20% of the original pool water. Secondly, a variety of aquatic plants can also reduce the number of steel shrimp by raising the water level appropriately.

Third, feed reasons

Lack of feed, poor quality and malnutrition will definitely affect the growth of crayfish and lead to smaller specifications if it cannot meet the normal growth needs. However, long-term feeding with high-protein concentrated feed will lead to the accumulation of nutrients in crayfish, which will lead to precocious puberty and stop growth, and the final size will be smaller.

Crayfish belongs to omnivorous animals, and both animal and plant bait can be eaten. Therefore, we should consider two aspects: not only feed some high-protein concentrated feed, but also feed some animal feed such as cereal plant feed and live snails, and plant aquatic plants such as Alternanthera philoxeroides and Alternanthera philoxeroides in the pond, because on the one hand, aquatic plants can supplement plant feed for crayfish, and on the other hand, aquatic plants can purify the water quality of the pond. Moreover, in a pond with good aquatic plants, the survival rate and quality of shrimp are also high, but the area of aquatic plants should not exceed 60% of the total area of the pond. In addition, snails must be raised in the pond before and after Qingming every year, generally about 500 kilograms per mu. Whether to add some snails in the future can be decided according to the specific situation of the pond.

Fourth, the reason of density.

Because of the natural breeding habits of crayfish, it is really very difficult to control the appropriate culture density in the process of pond culture. However, crayfish are fierce in nature, and the phenomenon of killing each other when the density is too high is extremely serious. Therefore, crayfish will shell late because they can't find a safe place to shell, resulting in a decrease in the number of shells in the breeding process and a small final specification.

In the process of crayfish culture, we should take the way of grasping the big ones and keeping the small ones to reduce the culture density in the pond. Don't expect to sell crayfish when the market price is high, because even if the market price is high and the specifications are too small, it is impossible to sell crayfish at a high price. On the contrary, even if the market price is not high, crayfish will sell at a good price as long as the specifications are large and the quality is good. Crayfish have the habit of attaching themselves to aquatic plants. Therefore, planting aquatic plants such as Alternaria alternata and Alternaria alternata in the pond can not only provide a hidden place for crayfish to shell, but also increase the living space of crayfish and reduce the chance of killing each other.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) the cause of disease

Disease is also a main reason that restricts the specification of crayfish, especially the fiber defect is the most common. Ciliates parasitize shrimp, which will absorb nutrients from shrimp and make crayfish thinner, so crayfish will not grow normally because of lack of nutrients. In addition, when ciliates parasitize crayfish gills, it will affect the respiratory function of crayfish gills, resulting in crayfish not breathing normally and being in a state of hypoxia for a long time. Eventually, crayfish will be unable to eat, shell and grow normally due to long-term hypoxia, resulting in smaller specifications. In addition, due to the parasitism of ciliates, a large number of crayfish will even die of other diseases, and no consumers are willing to buy such crayfish after entering the market.

Control method: 1, every spring? Barley yellow? About a week ago? Meiyu season? About a week before arrival (Jianghuai area usually enters the rainy season in late June every year), autumn? White deer? About a week ago, drugs were used for prevention, that is, pesticides were used once and drugs were disinfected every other day. 2. In the hot summer season, photosynthetic bacteria and quicklime are alternately used to splash the whole pond every half month to adjust the water quality, and new water is injected every 7 ~ 10 days to keep the water quality fresh, and the amount of water exchanged each time is about 15% ~ 20% of the original pond water.

Four problems in crayfish culture: 0 1 grass.

To cultivate crayfish, it is necessary to plant suitable aquatic plants, such as Elodea, Kuroshio, Sophora alopecuroides, water hyacinth, Alternanthera philoxeroides and so on. And plant corresponding aquatic plants according to different breeding time, which is the most important thing for successful breeding. Aquatic plants are a barrier for crayfish to inhabit, shell and avoid enemies, and also a rest place for shade and light. At the same time, aquatic plants also have the functions of purifying water, adsorbing toxic and harmful substances and improving dissolved oxygen. Most of our farmers don't know that after aquatic plants grow badly or die, we can plant them again. Fertilizing and cultivating them all day will accelerate the death of aquatic plants.

The problem of oxygen.

Almost all farmers don't think that lobsters will be short of oxygen, and they think that lobsters can climb to the shore to breathe air when they are short of oxygen, which is a big mistake. Let me tell a true story. One day in early May of this year, Li (13545627114), a friend who keeps lobsters in Datong Farm, Honghu, Hubei, called me in a hurry and told me to install micropores to increase oxygen immediately. I asked him why he was in such a hurry. He told me: every time the weather is bad, lobsters climb to the shore, foaming at the mouth, and some can't climb any more and start to die, so they must be oxygenated. I hope it can be arranged as soon as possible; When we helped him install it, all the lobsters went into the water that night and never came ashore again. Boss Li is very happy and grateful. He is willing to share his video as follows.

The problem at the end of 2003.

Lobster is a benthic animal that lives at the bottom of the pond for a long time. If the bottom is hardened or gelatinized, beneficial microorganisms will be seriously insufficient and pathogenic microorganisms will breed, which will lead to a series of diseases. For the choice of genetically modified products, most farmers are often fooled by some salespeople or business people who don't understand at all, thinking that as long as they write? * * * change the bottom? You can use it at will, but in the end, the more you change it, the more problems you have: the grass is yellow, the lobster climbs ashore and doesn't get into the water, the grass is on, the molting can't be finished or it becomes hard. Why? This is a technical problem that needs to be pointed out, and the following principles must be followed: 1. Products with the same ingredients cannot be reused; 2. According to the temperature and water temperature, the modified product must be a cold temperature product; 3. The modified products must consider recent illness, physical tolerance, molting and other factors, and should also comprehensively analyze the redox potential and the ability to neutralize heavy metals and toxic and harmful substances; 4. Analysis of the influence degree of bottom modified products on pathogenic microorganisms at the bottom of the pond.

04, the problem of eating.

When I say eating here, I don't mean feeding and bait, but health care products and immune enhancers. The purpose of using all products is to maintain the systemic health and immunity of lobsters. Treatment and repeated use of antibiotics can only destroy the immune system, leading to physical weakness, and symptoms such as black cheeks, enteritis, vibrio, fragile crustacean branches, blackening and immobility. Therefore, it is necessary to use the following immunomodulators and health-care enhancers: pure Chinese medicines (such as Sanhuang powder, Banhuang powder, Qinglian powder and Fu Mei), bioactive enzymes (aquatic elements, insect fermentation proteins), cell-broken yeast, beneficial microorganisms and so on. , and use a course of treatment every 10 day, each course lasts for 3 days, every day 1 time.

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