Public facilities management refers to the planning and management of public facilities by departments at all levels, including municipal facilities management, environmental sanitation management, urban and rural city appearance management, greening management, urban and rural city appearance management, park management and scenic spot management. The management of public facilities is mainly the management of urban public facilities.
Public facilities management projects can be roughly divided into two categories: one is social public facilities management; The second is the management of technical public facilities. These two kinds of management are related to people's harmonious life.
Extended data:
I. Trade organizations
The National Technical Committee for Standardization of Urban Public Facilities and Services was established on July 30, 20 13, and is mainly responsible for the formulation and revision of national standards in the field of urban public facilities and services.
Fujian Public Facilities Maintenance Service Industry Association was established on August 2, 20 17. It consists of municipal facilities maintenance branch, environmental sanitation branch, urban and rural city appearance maintenance branch, greening maintenance branch, park and scenic spot maintenance branch, septic tank maintenance, sewage pipeline maintenance, cleaning maintenance and other professional committees, which are responsible for the construction according to the standards of "Evaluation System for Public Facilities Maintenance Enterprises".
Second, the management countermeasures
Comprehensive use of a variety of management tools to achieve the maximum benefit of urban public facilities management.
The construction and management of urban public facilities can adopt economic means, administrative means, legal means and ideological education means. In the specific application, it should be comprehensively used according to the management object and purpose to achieve the best management effect. From the management object of urban public facilities, there are both social behaviors and internal behaviors.
Social behavior refers to the personal behavior of people in society when using public facilities; Internal behavior refers to the behavior of the person who undertakes the maintenance of public facilities. Both of them have an impact on the management of urban public facilities.
For social behavior, we should give priority to legal means, supplemented by economic means and ideological education means, and reduce the damage to public facilities by standardizing human behavior and other measures to achieve the best management effect.
For internal behavior, we should give priority to ideological education, supplemented by administrative and economic means, and achieve the best management effect by improving the enthusiasm and initiative of employees in public facilities maintenance units.
Baidu encyclopedia-public facilities management
2. Who knows the necessary safety facilities and safe distance of gas stations?
The fire resistance rating of the building shall not be lower than Grade II, and the non-combustible floor shall be adopted, and the doors and windows shall be opened outwards. When using metal doors and windows, measures should be taken to prevent sparks.
The workshop should have fire sprinkler facilities and dry powder fire extinguishers. When the workshop and the bottle warehouse are in the same building, they should be separated by a firewall and have their own entrances and exits. Closed bottling workshop should have explosion-proof and pressure-relief measures.
Open or semi-open bottling workshops can be built in non-heating areas. In Code for Design of Town Gas (GB50028-2006), when the total volume of filling stations is more than 500 cubic meters and less than or equal to 1000 cubic meters, and the single tank volume is less than or equal to 200 cubic meters, the safe distance from civil buildings is not less than 55 meters.
It is 90 meters away from residential areas, villages and towns, schools, theaters, gymnasiums and other important public buildings (the outermost external walls of buildings and structures). Extended data:
Note: 1. Do not adjust the pressure reducing valve of liquefied gas tank by yourself. Always pay attention to and educate children not to play with the angle valve of the cylinder and the switch of the cooker.
2. When using liquefied gas, someone should take care of it to prevent the soup from boiling, extinguish the flame and let the liquefied gas escape. 3, regularly check the valve of liquefied gas tank, put the valve in the water, to see if there are bubbles.
4. Don't put the liquefied gas tank too close to the fire source, and it is between 1.5m ~ 2m from the stove. 5. If air leakage is found, immediately close the valve, quickly open the doors and windows, strengthen ventilation, prohibit all kindling from entering the room, and do not turn on or off any power switch, so as to avoid sparks and cause fire or explosion.
6, often check whether the interface leakage, hose are in good condition, whether aging cracks, once found, should be replaced in time. People's Network-Fire Prevention of LPG Storage and Distribution Station Baidu Encyclopedia-Gas Station.
3. What are the administrative licensing requirements or qualification requirements for exploiting crude oil and natural gas?
In order to strengthen the operation and management of bottled gas, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of gas enterprises and consumers, and ensure public safety, these measures are formulated according to the Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Decree No.62 of the Ministry of Construction, Measures for the Administration of Town Gas and Decree No.56 of the Provincial People's Government, and combined with the actual situation of this province.
Article 2 These Measures shall apply to all business activities such as wholesale and retail of bottled gas within the administrative area of this province. Article 3 The construction administrative department shall be responsible for the operation and safety management of bottled gas outlets.
The public security fire department is responsible for the fire supervision of bottled gas outlets. Article 4 The management of bottled gas shall follow the policy of "ensuring safe use, stable supply and strengthening daily supervision and management".
Article 5 Units and individuals applying for bottled gas business must meet the operating conditions of bottled gas, and apply for approval according to the following procedures: (1) Submit an application for business to the local county (city) construction administrative department, fill in the Application for Approval Form for Business Qualification of Gas Bottle Changing Point in Yunnan Province, and the county (city) construction administrative department will put forward its opinions and report them to the local, state and city construction administrative departments for review; (II) After being examined and approved by the local, state and municipal construction administrative departments, the Yunnan Provincial Gas Cylinder Exchange Business License uniformly printed by the provincial construction administrative departments will be issued, and the certificate will be copied to the local public security fire control institutions and technical supervision departments for the record; (3) With the business license of Yunnan gas bottle changing point, go through the relevant formalities for industrial and commercial registration with the industrial and commercial department. Article 6 An entity applying for operating bottled gas stores shall provide the following information: (1) application report; (2) Legal documents such as fire safety license for inflammable and explosive chemicals issued by local public security fire control institutions; (3) The original and photocopy of the ID card of the person in charge of the operation (legal representative); (4) Property right relationship, certificate and lease contract of the business premises; (5) Location plan of the business premises (1:100); (6) Provide the original bottled gas supply contract, business qualification certificate of gas enterprise and gas cylinder filling registration certificate of gas supply unit; (seven) the qualification certificate of the relevant personnel; (8) Other relevant materials.
Article 7 A unit bidding for bottled gas stores shall meet the following conditions: (1) The person in charge of operation (legal representative) and the technical person in charge shall participate in the safety training organized by the public security fire department, the construction administrative department and the technical supervision department, and obtain the gas safety training certificate and the Yunnan fire safety training certificate after passing the training; (2) The registered capital shall be no less than 1 10,000 yuan; (3) The person in charge of the operation (legal representative) is a foreign citizen, who shall have lived in the business premises for more than five years and hold a residence permit for floating population recognized by the local public security organ; (4) The business site shall meet the following requirements: 1, and the business site area shall not be less than 10 m2; 2, solid bottle area and empty bottle area should be set separately; 3. The building structure is brick-concrete or concrete structure, and the fire resistance rating is not lower than Grade II; 4, not in the party and government organs, hospitals, schools, shopping malls, bazaars, hotels, restaurants, underground buildings, cultural relics units and personnel are relatively dense public places or electrical, communications, gas pipe network and other public facilities near the establishment of business premises; The distance between the bottled gas storage and the nearby buildings and structures shall meet the requirements of relevant fire protection technical specifications, and personnel shall not stay and board in the bottled gas storage; 5. Do not engage in commodities other than gas appliances, fire-fighting equipment and facilities, and measuring scales at the same time. If it meets the standards, it shall be established; 6. Lighting lamps and electrical switches in the business premises shall be explosion-proof products, and electrical circuits shall be protected by metal or nonflammable plastic pipes. Eighth bottled gas prices under the guidance of the relevant administrative departments, according to the market price fluctuations.
It is forbidden to charge account opening fees to bottled gas users. Article 9 Bottled gas business outlets shall not sell or display gas appliances such as cooking stoves that are not listed in the Catalogue of Products for Quasi-sale in gas appliance, Yunnan Province, and are not labeled with inspection marks according to regulations.
Article 10 The gas cylinders sold and used in bottled gas outlets shall meet the following requirements: (1) The gas cylinders sold and used must be listed in the Catalogue of Licensed Sales of Gas Appliances in Yunnan Province, with qualified marks affixed and qualified gas cylinder valves and safety accessories adopted; (2) cylinders that have passed the inspection period and failed the inspection shall not be used. Article 11 The filling weight of bottled gas shall be 13.
5 0。 5kg, special climate areas should be adapted to local conditions and reported to relevant departments for confirmation before implementation.
Article 12 The number of bottles stored in bottled gas business outlets shall meet the following requirements: (1) The number of full bottles stored shall be calculated according to the business area per square meter 1 bottle, but the total number shall not exceed 20 bottles; (two) the number of empty bottles is calculated according to the business area of one bottle per two square meters. Thirteenth users of bottled gas must abide by the following provisions: (1) Do not use bottled gas in the bedroom; (two) shall not use any means to heat or knock, smash, lie cylinder; (3) It is not allowed to pour cans, remove residues or disassemble and repair bottle valves and other accessories, and it is not allowed to change the inspection mark or paint color of bottles; (four) shall not install, dismantle and maintain gas appliances.
Fourteenth bottled gas outlets shall ensure a continuous and stable gas supply. If it is really necessary to suspend business or go out of business, it must report to the construction administrative department two months in advance, and the relevant procedures for suspension or closure can be handled only after approval. Fifteenth in violation of the provisions of article fifth, article ninth, article tenth and article thirteenth, shall be punished by the administrative department of construction according to the provincial people's government promulgated the "Yunnan province gas management measures" article twenty-ninth, article thirty-first.
Sixteenth in violation of the provisions of article sixth, article seventh, shall be punished by the public security fire control institutions according to law. Seventeenth approach by the provincial construction department, the provincial public security fire brigade is responsible for the interpretation of.
Article 18 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.
4. What are the eight categories of public service facilities?
Schools: primary schools, middle schools, universities, secondary specialized technical schools, vocational training institutions, boarding high schools, special schools, kindergartens and other hospitals; general hospitals, various specialized hospitals, health and epidemic prevention facilities, preventive health care institutions and first-aid network facilities and other cultural facilities; sports facilities such as group art halls, libraries, concert halls, youth activity centers, cultural palaces, cultural centers, theaters and Xinhua Bookstore; gymnasiums. Social welfare facilities such as swimming and diving halls: commercial facilities such as nursing homes: commercial streets, large shopping malls, comprehensive supermarkets, specialty stores, specialty stores serving residential areas, restaurants and other public facilities: street offices, multi-functional community activity centers, shopping malls, comprehensive supermarkets, various service convenience stores, specialty stores, etc.: (1) Road traffic facilities: bus stops, etc. (2) Water supply and drainage facilities: feed pump station, sewage treatment plant, sewage pump station, rainwater pump station, etc. (3) Power facilities: substations, urban power plants, etc. (4) Communication facilities: long-distance office, end office, target office and long-distance hub office; Broadband (IP) office address; Mobile communication office address, mobile communication base station, etc. ; (5) Radio and TV facilities: cable TV center, cable TV sub-center, cable TV community management station, etc. (6) Gas facilities: LPG storage and distribution station, natural gas gate station, gas emergency repair station, etc. (7) Fire fighting facilities: general fire fighting station, small general fire fighting station, road special fire fighting station, water special fire fighting station, helicopter special fire fighting station, fire fighting training base, fire fighting squadron, etc. (8) Sanitation facilities: garbage transfer stations, garbage landfills, etc.
5. Urgent demand for "fire management system" of cold drink shops.
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2. Clear the task, implement the responsibility, sign the letter of responsibility for safety and fire prevention step by step, and truly implement the fire control work according to the working principle of who is in charge and who is responsible. 3. Intensify inspection and rectification. In addition to organizing special inspections every week, there should also be a three-level inspection system of the security department to check the safety and fire prevention situation every day. Find problems, report them in time, and deal with them in time.
4. Organize enterprise fire fighting and evacuation drills at least twice a year. 5. Do a good job in fire prevention during major festivals and make specific security plans.
6. Strengthen the management of fire source and power supply, implement the inspection system of natural gas and liquefied gas and the inspection system of electrical line equipment, and make clear the fire hazards in time. 7. Establish enterprise fire protection files, and set up obligatory fire brigade, so as to give priority to prevention and combine prevention with elimination.
Strengthen the smoking management system and prohibit smoking in shopping malls. 8. Adhere to the special management and inspection of safety exits and evacuation routes, and punish the department responsible person who fails to rectify the hidden dangers of fire or fire lines in time.
9. Ensure that the fire control facilities and equipment are in place, complete and easy to use, in line with the requirements of laws and regulations, and implement the maintenance responsible person. Handover system of fire monitoring center 1. Successors must arrive at their posts fifteen minutes in advance to prepare for the handover.
Second, you must dress according to the regulations before taking up your post and check the mental outlook of gfd. Third, check whether the post equipment is running well and the matters needing attention in handover inspection and machine execution.
Four, the personnel on duty must fill in the equipment operation, inspection and other content. And require clear handwriting and complete records. Five, fire emergency tools, all kinds of related information in accordance with the provisions, neatly placed.
Six, do a good job of cleaning the central control room, to ensure the cleanliness of machines, floors and walls. Seven, the successor has not arrived, on-the-job personnel shall not leave, should promptly report to the relevant leaders for instructions.
Eight, the content and time of succession must be signed in the handover book, to show confirmation and responsibility. Nine, in case of emergency and other special circumstances, the successor shall assist the successor to handle the incident, and the succession shall be carried out after the incident is handled and approved by the superior leader.
Ten, the successor is drunk, emotional instability, unconsciousness, shall not be handed over, should be reported for instructions to deal with eleven, hand-over must be carried out in accordance with this system, if not in accordance with the provisions, the successor can put forward opinions and ask the successor to fill in immediately, otherwise it can not take over, and report to the relevant leaders. Twelve, the fire control room is equipped with two people, not a single hand over the machine, not a reliable telephone handover, should be reflected in words.
The safety inspection system of the fire monitoring center 1, and the fire inspection every two hours should include: a. Whether there is any violation of the regulations on the use of fire and electricity: the shopping mall is smoke-free, smoking is prohibited, and it is forbidden to use fire at will; Catering fire protection: there must be no inflammable and combustible dangerous goods within the range of microwave oven and cooker 1m, and the clear distance between cooker and gas cylinder should be no less than 0.5m The hose between cooker and gas cylinder should be checked frequently and replaced regularly. Ignition matches should be used when igniting, and the gas valve should be closed in time after ignition. Within the range of 1 m, the smoke hood and flue entrance of the operation room should be cleaned daily.
Clean the oil fume exhaust pipeline at least once every 60 days 1 time, and record the cleaning situation; Fire for construction: issue a certificate of hot work, and specify the professional qualification of hot work personnel, the equipment of fire watchers, fire extinguishers, fire boards and other preventive measures, whether there are dangerous chemicals on site and whether there is cross-operation of oil workers. There must be no flammable materials within 2 or 5 meters of the welding machine during hot work, and fire must be left for cleaning within 30 minutes after hot work; When using electricity, it is forbidden to pull the wires and power supply indiscriminately. The laying of electrical wiring shall be approved by the design, engineering and safety departments. Professional licensees should use standard wires and equipment that meet national requirements according to the power and quantity of electrical equipment. The distribution wires in shopping malls must be wrapped with rubber, and it is forbidden to use simple and dangerous materials such as stranded wires. B. Whether the safety exits and evacuation passages are clear, whether the safety evacuation signs and emergency lighting are in good condition: the safety exits shall not be closed or blocked, and no threshold shall be set at the safety exits. Evacuation doors should be opened in the direction of evacuation, and rolling doors, revolving doors, hanging doors and sliding doors are not allowed.
No steps shall be set inside or outside the door1.4m.. Indicating signs should be set on the top of the exit and the wall below the ground 1 m at the evacuation passage and its corner; The spacing of the indicating signs set on the evacuation passage shall not be greater than10m.
Emergency lighting should be provided for the safety exits, evacuation passages and key parts of the business area. The continuous lighting time of emergency lighting shall not be less than 20 minutes, and the minimum illumination on the ground shall not be less than 0.5 lux.
The main evacuation passage should lead directly to the safety exit, and its width should not be less than 2.4m.: The width of the auxiliary evacuation passage shall not be less than1.5m. No stalls or stacked items shall be set in the evacuation passage.
C whether the fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire safety signs are in place and complete: no shop or individual may damage, misappropriate, dismantle or stop using fire-fighting facilities and equipment, bury, occupy or block fire hydrants, occupy fire-fighting space or block fire truck passages. Doors and windows in crowded places shall not be equipped with obstacles that affect escape and fire fighting and rescue. Fire hoses, hoses and gun heads in fire hydrants must be used well. The annual inspection of the fire extinguisher is effective, the lead seal is intact and the pressure reaches the standard. Fire fighting equipment and facilities shall not be used for matters unrelated to fire fighting and rescue work. D. Whether the normally closed fire door is closed or not, and whether the goods are stacked under the fire shutter will affect the use: A-class (90-minute) fire door closers are used in shopping malls and their sequence.
E. On-the-job situation of personnel in key parts of fire safety: implementation and management of responsibilities of personnel in power distribution room, machine room, warehouse and kitchen. The goods in the warehouse should be stacked well.
6. I am a freshman majoring in building environment and energy application engineering, but I am not interested in this major.
The specialty of building environment and energy application engineering is called "building ring" for short.
The main courses may include, according to the arrangement of different schools: fluid mechanics, heat transfer, engineering thermodynamics, building environment, heat and mass exchange principle and equipment, fluid transmission and distribution network, thermal measurement and automatic control, HVAC engineering, indoor water supply and drainage, boiler and boiler room equipment, refrigeration technology, heating engineering, gas transmission and distribution engineering, dust removal technology, HVAC energy-saving technology, etc. It mainly trains professional and technical personnel who can work in the following three aspects: (1) Can be engaged in the design, installation, debugging and operation of systems and equipment such as building heating, air conditioning, ventilation and dust removal, air purification, gas application and related urban heating and gas supply systems and equipment.
(2) Be able to design, install, evaluate, debug, operate, maintain, analyze and manage environmental systems and energy supply facilities in industrial buildings and large modern buildings based on engineering technology and intelligent building systems. (3) Be able to adapt to the needs of low-carbon economic construction and social sustainable development, have basic theories and professional skills in building energy-saving design, construction and operation management, have a wide range of knowledge, and have the ability to expand and penetrate into related fields of civil engineering, adaptability and practical work ability.
Graduates: Graduates of this major should master the basic theories and professional knowledge of various indoor environmental equipment systems (such as air conditioning and refrigeration, heating and sanitation, ventilation and gas systems) and infrastructure systems of industrial enterprises and civil buildings (such as boilers, heating and gas supply systems). It has the characteristics of solid foundation, wide knowledge, strong ability, high quality, strong sense of innovation, wide employment field and high employment rate, and can be engaged in the design, installation, debugging, operation management and scheme formulation of building automation systems in public facilities systems such as indoor environment of industrial and civil buildings, HVAC, building water supply and drainage, gas supply, etc., and can be engaged in technology in design and research institutes, construction engineering units and related scientific research, production and teaching units.
7. Definition and classification of public facilities
Public facilities are public goods or equipment provided by the public for the public to enjoy or use. Economics believes that public facilities are public products provided by public facilities. Sociologically speaking, public facilities are facilities that meet people's public needs (such as convenience, safety and participation) and public space choices, such as public administrative facilities, public information facilities, public health facilities, public sports facilities, public cultural facilities and public sports facilities. Urban public facilities are different from rural public facilities. Specifically, urban public facilities refer to urban sewage treatment system, urban garbage (including feces) treatment system, urban roads, urban bridges, ports, emergency maintenance of municipal facilities, urban squares, urban street lamps, road signs, urban civil air defense facilities, urban greening, urban scenic spots, urban parks and so on. According to whether urban public facilities are charged, there are charges and no charges. From the spatial layout, there are three types of public facilities: city-wide public facilities, regional public facilities and neighborhood public facilities.
8. What public facilities are there in our life?
What public facilities are there in our life?
Schools/hospitals/cultural facilities/sports facilities/social welfare and security facilities/commercial facilities Multifunctional community activity centers/shopping malls/comprehensive supermarkets/various service convenience stores/specialty stores/road traffic facilities/water supply and drainage facilities/power facilities/communication facilities/radio and television facilities/gas facilities/fire control facilities/sanitary facilities.
How should we protect public facilities?
Citizen's moral quality and legal supervision should be paid equal attention to.
Detailed:
Schools: primary schools, middle schools, universities, secondary specialized technical schools, vocational training institutions, boarding high schools and special schools, kindergartens, etc.
Hospitals: general hospitals, various specialized hospitals, health and epidemic prevention facilities, preventive health care institutions and first aid network facilities.
Cultural facilities: group art museum, library, concert hall, youth activity center, cultural palace, cultural center, theater, Xinhua Bookstore, etc.
Sports facilities: gymnasium, stadium, swimming and diving hall, etc.
Social welfare and security facilities: nursing homes, etc.
Commercial facilities: commercial street, shopping center, comprehensive supermarket, commodity store, service store, catering, etc.
Public facilities in residential areas, residential quarters, residential quarters: street offices, multi-functional community activity centers, shopping malls, comprehensive supermarkets, various service convenience stores, commodity stores, etc.
Others:
(1) Road traffic facilities: bus station, social parking lot, gas filling station, etc.
(2) Water supply and drainage facilities: feed pump station, sewage treatment plant, sewage pump station, rainwater pump station, etc.
(3) Power facilities: substations, urban power plants, etc.
(4) Communication facilities: long-distance office, end office, target office and long-distance hub office; Broadband (IP) office address; Mobile communication office address, mobile communication base station, etc. ;
(5) Radio and TV facilities: cable TV center, cable TV sub-center, cable TV community management station, etc.
(6) Gas facilities: LPG storage and distribution station, natural gas gate station, gas emergency repair station, etc.
(7) Fire fighting facilities: general fire fighting station, small general fire fighting station, road special fire fighting station, water special fire fighting station, helicopter special fire fighting station, fire fighting training base, fire fighting squadron, etc.
(8) Sanitation facilities: garbage transfer stations, garbage landfills, etc.