(a) Common fire hazards

L, the door is not smooth (there are often a lot of debris behind the door) or only one door is opened;

2, using high-power lighting or electric heaters and using stoves for heating are too close to flammable materials;

3. Using electronic teaching AIDS in violation of regulations, resulting in instantaneous overload or short circuit of wires;

4, line aging or overload work;

5. Failing to store flammable items according to safety regulations;

6. Other security risks.

(2) Common fire prevention

1, kindergarten classroom fire prevention

(1) Schools should regularly check classroom wires and replace aging wires in time to prevent overloading from causing fires;

(2) Regularly clean up the sundries and other flammable items piled up in the classroom;

(3) In case of fire danger, the teachers present should quickly judge the cause of the fire, take decisive measures to cut off the fire source, effectively control the spread of the fire and wait for rescue;

(4) Call the police for help immediately:

(5) Stabilize children's emotions. Organize children to evacuate quickly, and prevent crowding and trampling during evacuation.

2, children's dormitory fire prevention

(1) Conduct regular safety inspections, strictly abide by the power consumption system, and it is strictly forbidden to connect wires or change power supply equipment without authorization, and cut off all power supplies when leaving the dormitory;

(2) It is forbidden to burn sundries in the building;

(3) Flammable, explosive and dangerous chemicals are not allowed to enter the dormitory;

(4) Do not use "quick heating" or electric blanket;

(5) Alcohol stoves, kerosene stoves and coal stoves are not allowed to be used;

(6) It is forbidden to occupy or block evacuation passages;

(7) No fire-fighting equipment and fire-fighting facilities may be damaged artificially;

(8) Once a fire is discovered, the management personnel should take effective measures to cut off the fire source quickly, and use self-provided fire-fighting appliances to save themselves, so as to prevent the fire from spreading and expanding; relevant personnel should immediately organize children to evacuate in an orderly manner to prevent crowding and trampling;

(9) Call the police immediately.

Second, the basic knowledge of fire escape

A big fire came. Among the many people trapped by the fire, some people died in the sea of fire, while others survived. This is of course related to the size of the fire, the time and place of the fire, the alarm, smoke exhaust and fire extinguishing facilities in the building. But it is more important to see whether the people trapped by the fire have the ability to take refuge and escape when the fire breaks out.

(A) the principle of fire escape

The principle of fire escape is to combine safe evacuation with rescue.

(B) the general building fire escape methods

General building refers to the escape method in case of fire where there are no high-rise buildings or underground buildings.

1. Use the evacuation passage to escape.

Each building is equipped with indoor stairs and outdoor stairs according to regulations, and some buildings are also equipped with escalators and fire elevators. After the fire, especially at the beginning of the fire, these are effective escape methods. Hold on to the handrail when you go downstairs to avoid being knocked down and trampled by the crowd.

2, homemade escape equipment

After a building fire, there are many sources of articles that can be used to escape, so learn to use them randomly.

For example, covering your nose and mouth with towels and masks can be used as anti-smoking tools; Use the connection of rope, cloth, sheets, carpets and curtains to open up escape routes; Use all kinds of labor protection articles, such as helmets, motorcycle helmets, work clothes, etc. As a shelter to avoid burns and injuries caused by falling objects.

3. Use the existing facilities in the building to escape.

In case of fire, if the above two methods can't escape, you can use the downpipe, protruding parts inside and outside the house, doors and windows, lightning wires (nets) on the building to escape, or move to a safe area. When using this method, we should be bold and careful, otherwise casualties will easily occur.

Look for shelter.

In the case of nowhere to escape, we should actively seek refuge. If you are waiting for rescue on the balcony or the flat roof of the floor, choose a room where fire and smoke are difficult to spread, such as the bathroom, close the doors and windows and block the gap. If there is water in the room, doors and windows and all kinds of combustible substances should be wetted immediately to prevent or slow down the spread of fire and smoke. No matter day or night, the trapped people should shout for help or wave white towels, and constantly send out various distress signals to attract the attention of rescuers and help themselves out.