1. Occupational exposure protection measures
Occupational exposure refers to the situation that medical personnel are inadvertently contaminated by blood or body fluids of guests, or punctured by sharp instruments such as needles contaminated with blood or body fluids containing pathogenic microorganisms, and may be infected by pathogenic microorganisms.
Medical staff regard all items contaminated by blood and body fluids of guests as infectious pathogenic substances, and medical staff must take protective measures when touching them. Medical personnel should take the following protective measures when operating.
2. Protective measures
Medical personnel must wear gloves when performing diagnosis, treatment and nursing operations that may come into contact with blood and body fluids of guests. After the operation, they should wash their hands immediately after taking off their gloves and disinfect their hands when necessary. In the process of diagnosis, treatment and nursing operation, medical staff should wear gloves, masks and protective glasses when blood and body fluids may splash on their faces;
Medical staff should wear double gloves when their hands are broken, and they should ensure sufficient light when taking blood from veins to prevent needle injury. After use, sharp tools should be put into the sharp tool box. It is forbidden to expose disposable needles after use. It is forbidden to touch the used needle directly with your hands.
3. Local treatment measures
Wash the polluted skin with soap and tap water, and wash the mucosa with normal saline. If there is an injury, gently squeeze it on the injured side, try to squeeze out the blood from the wound, gently squeeze it near the wound, and then rinse it with soap and tap water. It is forbidden to carry out local squeezing at the damaged area.
After washing the wound at the injured site, disinfect the exposed mucosa with 75% alcohol or sodium iodide, and wash it repeatedly with normal saline. Establish a registration and reporting system for sharp instrument injuries. In case of sharp instrument injury, immediately report to the nursing directors of each branch, fill in the sharp instrument injury report form and report it to the nursing department for the record.
If you are stabbed by a sharp instrument contaminated by the blood of HBV-positive guests, you should inject hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 24 hours, and at the same time test the blood HBV markers. Those who are negative should be injected with hepatitis B vaccine subcutaneously (interval 10ug,10.5ug, 5ug).
If an HIV-positive guest is stabbed by a sharp instrument contaminated with blood, he should immediately carry out HIV antibody testing, and evaluate and judge the exposure level and the viral load level of the exposure source in the medical and health institutions designated by the Ministry of Health within 2 hours.