Different from the current two-level coaching system of the US Air Force, the current pilot training mode of the China Air Force is the three-level coaching system. This system means that during the aviation school training, air force flight students need to go through three stages in flight practice: first, fly on the primary trainer for 30 to 40 hours, and if they can pass this level, they can continue to fly on the intermediate trainer 140 to 170 hours; If it is not eliminated, it can fly on the advanced trainer for 90 to 130 hours; After passing all the examination subjects, they can be assigned to the air force training base for modified flight training.
From the trainer's point of view, different training stages have different requirements for trainers. Under the three-level coaching system, the requirements for the primary trainer are that the maximum flight speed is less than 300 km/h, the structure is simple, the low-speed performance is good, and the take-off and landing speed is low. It is less difficult for flight students to complete the landing training course, so most pilots can enter the pilot talent pool through the training of the primary trainer. Even if it fails, you can change the transport plane or helicopter.
Intermediate trainer requires a maximum speed of 600~800 km/h, and the landing speed is controlled at100 km/h. At this time, the difficulty of taking off and landing is much lower than that of fighter. In this way, pilots suitable for fighters and attack aircraft can be selected from the pilots selected by the primary trainer.
Advanced trainer requires flight performance close to that of fighter, with excellent maneuverability and take-off and landing performance, which can further screen suitable fighter pilots. At the same time, it is also required that the airborne equipment is perfect, and most of the subjects of the fighter can be trained on the trainer to avoid wasting the precious life of the same fighter trainer.
At present, the primary trainer of China Air Force is still the first Jiao -6 developed in 1950s. The aircraft is an all-metal hard shell structure with double beams and lower wings, empty weight 1 172kg, 1 piston engine, and the maximum horizontal flight speed is 286 km/h. ..
Since mass production in the 1960s, the cumulative output of Primary Education 6 has exceeded 3,000. As a low-speed propeller plane, it has been widely used for decades, which proves that it is safe, reliable, durable, simple to operate and low in operating cost, and is very suitable for junior coaches and sports aviation. It is not only widely used by China Air Force, but also exported in large quantities, which is widely loved by aviation enthusiasts in Europe and America.
The air force intermediate coaches are all undertaken by Jiao -8. It comes from foreign trade K8 trainer modified domestic turbofan-1 1 engine and some airborne equipment. The overall design is a single engine, air intake on both sides, two seats in series and inverted T-tail layout, with a top speed of 800 km/h and good maneuverability. It is worth mentioning that the design life of Jiao -8 is 8000 hours, which is convenient to maintain and has high intact rate and attendance rate. In practice, Jiao -8 is well connected from top to bottom and can undertake as many as 1 1 typical training events.
In terms of advanced trainer, with the massive service of Coach -9 and Coach-10, the initial J-7 was quickly marginalized. Coach -9 is essentially a "magic modified version" of the J -7, which adopts a double delta wing design with high lift-drag ratio and has excellent take-off and landing performance and low altitude performance. In order to connect with the third generation fighter, Coach -9 is equipped with advanced integrated avionics system, advanced man-machine interface and HOTAS joystick, and the brand-new cockpit layout meets the training requirements of pilots to adapt to advanced fighters. Coach -9 is equipped with domestic advanced ejection seat and mature turbojet-13F engine, with high reliability and attendance.
Different from Coach -9 from "magic change", Coach-10 is a newly designed advanced trainer, and its comprehensive technical level has completely reached the advanced level of similar foreign aircraft. The aircraft adopts the design of large side strip and wing body fusion, fly-by-wire control system and double release bureau, with the maximum takeoff weight of 9800 kg and the maximum horizontal flight speed of Mach 65438 +0.4.
Coach-10 adopts three-axis and four-redundancy digital fly-by-wire flight control system, which has good flight performance and handling quality. It can carry out combat mode and tactical flight training similar to the third generation aircraft, such as all-round attack training, over-the-horizon simulated attack training, high angle of attack post-stall maneuver training and so on. Through optimization design, the structural life of Coach-10 can reach 10000 flight hours /30 years.
For a long time, public opinion has called on the United States to conform to the two-level training system, that is, "the primary teaching machine goes straight to the more advanced teaching machine." Under this system, the advanced trainer is retained, and the primary trainer and the intermediate trainer are "combined into one", which makes the intermediate trainer meet the requirements of the primary trainer in backward compatibility.
In their view, the US Air Force pilot training mainly uses two old models, T-6 and T-38 (in the future, T-7 will replace T-38 as a new generation of advanced trainer aircraft of the US military). Although T-6 is called the primary trainer, its maximum flight speed is as high as 573 km/h, which is already a suitable intermediate trainer in other countries.
In fact, the real junior trainer of the US Air Force is Cessna T-4 1 light trainer, with a maximum flight speed of only 224 km/h and a cruising speed of only188 km/h. In the United States, where the general aviation industry is developed, many young Americans who apply for pilots have obtained their own flight licenses, and they are driving Cessna T-4 1 light trainer. In a word, the US Air Force is essentially a three-level training system, which only sinks the primary screening training into private self-training.
Just over a decade ago, under the clamor of "connecting with the world" at that time, the army also sprouted the idea of implementing a two-level training system. In addition, AVIC hongdu group introduced Jacques-152K technology, and introduced Junior Education -7 to replace the original Junior Education -6 and Junior Education -8. It is planned that flight students can directly drive the instructor -65438 after completing the training course of Primary Education -7.
However, the flight speed of the junior Jiao -7 with turboprop engine is as high as 500 km/h, which is a little high for novice pilots, which will not only lead to a sharp increase in the early elimination rate of the college, but also bring greater training accident risk.
Moreover, compared with the durable beginner -6, the price of beginner -7 is not cheap, which is estimated to reach 6.5438+0.8 million RMB, and the unit price of beginner -6 is only over 200,000 RMB. Moreover, it costs to re-establish a maintenance support system and spare parts storage, so the cost-effectiveness ratio of the first teaching -7 is very poor.
In this case, the vigorous Junior Education -6 can still meet the requirements of China Air Force for training and screening flight students. Based on the principle of frugality and sufficiency, the production line of Chujiao -6, which has been discontinued for many years, has been resumed, and it is expected that it will be no problem to play for another 20 years, so the project of Chujiao -7 has come to an end.