First, the construction of breeding shed
The design requirements of the henhouse are: ventilated, dry, warm in winter and cool in summer, and the seats should be north-south. Generally, the shed is 4-5m wide, 7-9m long, with a middle height of1.7-1.8m and a side height of 0.8-0.9m.. Usually, three layers of linoleum, straw and film are covered from the inside out to prevent water and keep warm.
The two sides and one end of the shed roof are pressed with sand and gravel, and an entrance is opened at the other end, which is convenient for breeders and chickens to enter and leave. The main support of the shed is fixed in four directions with iron wires to prevent the shed from being blown down by the storm.
After each batch of chickens is released, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the henhouse, replace the ground topsoil and clean the tools. The ground and utensils in the shed are sprayed and soaked with 3-5% Lysol aqueous solution for disinfection, and then fumigated and disinfected.
Second, the choice of native chicken feed
Generally speaking, the growth rate of high-quality native chickens is slow, and the requirements for feed nutrition level are relatively low, but we can't just feed a single feed, so as not to cause nutritional deficiency, affect growth and development, and reduce the survival rate. You should choose high-quality chicken series full-price granular materials or compound feed.
In addition, some miscellaneous grains such as pumpkin, sweet potato and cassava planted in mountainous areas can also be used to replace some mixtures.
Thirdly, the management of chick feeding.
The characteristics of chicken sound development are poor thermoregulation, fast growth, imperfect digestive function, poor disease resistance, strong sensitivity and timid gregarious. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the following points in feeding management:
1, drink water and eat.
After the chicks enter the brooding room, they can rest for half an hour to 1 hour, and then they can feed water. Generally, water is fed first and then fed. The water temperature is about 32 degrees, and cold water is not allowed.
Drinking diluted potassium permanganate solution two days ago is beneficial to anti-inflammation, sterilization and prevention of pullorum disease in chicks. After drinking water, chicks can quickly excrete meconium and stimulate their appetite.
You can usually eat food after drinking. Sprinkle the open feed on the light-colored plastic cloth spread on the bedding, and let the chickens eat freely.
Chickens have poor digestive ability and must be fed with digestible and nutritious feed.
2. Ambient temperature and humidity
The key to brooding is to give the chicks the right temperature. Take the temperature under the incubator as an example: 1-2 days old is 34-35 degrees. 3-7 days, 32-34 degrees. The second week is 30-28 degrees. The third week is 28-26 degrees. The brood drops 2 degrees per week in winter and spring, and 3 degrees per week in summer and autumn until it reaches 2 1 degree.
The relative humidity of chicks is 70-75% in 1 week, and it is reduced to 60% in the second week, and kept at 55-60% as far as possible after the third week.
Excessive humidity is beneficial to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and easy to induce coccidiosis. Too low dry humidity will accelerate the breathing of chicks, and the water in the body will be distributed in large quantities with breathing, and the remaining yolk in the abdomen will be poorly absorbed, which will affect the development of chicks.
3. Pay attention to grouping and strengthen inspections.
Strong and weak chickens and sick chickens should be raised in groups. It is best to check the weak chicks at 1 feeding place in the morning, because the weak chicks are easy to be squeezed out. Chickens with serious diseases should be eliminated immediately. Regular inspection of chickens has three meanings:
① Understand the palatability and feeding amount of feed through observation.
② Diseases can be found and diagnosed in time from the diet, activities and feces of chicks.
(3) Find unexpected situations in time, handle them in time, and reduce losses.
Fourth, the management of raising chickens.
In the growing period, the growth rate of chickens is fast, the appetite is strong and the feed intake is increased. The purpose of feeding is to fully develop chickens and lay the foundation for later fattening.
1, and the feeding mode is grazing combined with supplementary feeding. Generally, we should pay attention to the following two points: male hens are raised in groups. Generally, chicken feathers are more dispersed and aggressive, and the utilization rate of protein and lysine in them is higher, and the feed efficiency is higher. Because of the difference of endocrine hormones, hens gain weight slowly and feed efficiency is poor. Feeding male and female separately is beneficial to improve the uniformity. During the growing period, feed should be supplemented regularly, and the feed should be put into the trough or directly sprinkled on the ground, once every morning and evening/kloc-0, until it is finished.
2, insect repellent. Generally, after grazing for 20-30 days, 1 deworming will be carried out, and the second deworming will be carried out every 20-30 days. Mainly to drive away parasites in the body, such as roundworms and tapeworms. Insecticide, levamisole or prothiabendazole can be used. 1 deworming, each chicken is treated with half a piece of Quchongling. Give each chicken 1 tablet Quxuanling for the second time. It can be directly taken orally or ground into powder at night, and then mixed with feed for feeding. Be sure to mix the medicine and feed carefully, otherwise it is easy to produce drug poisoning. Check the chicken manure the next morning to see if there are any bugs discharged. And clean up chicken manure to prevent chickens from eating bugs. If adults are found in chicken manure, the same dosage can be used to repel insects 1 time the next night.
Five, fattening chicken feeding management
Fattening period is the highest period from 10 to 0. The main points of feeding in this period are to promote the deposition of fat in chickens, increase the fatness of broilers, improve the smoothness of meat and feathers, and achieve timely feeding. Feeding management should pay attention to the following three points:
1. With the increase of broiler age, the main tissues of internal growth are very different from those of middle-aged chickens. Moderate fat deposition in broilers can improve the meat quality of several chickens and improve the aesthetic appearance of carcasses. During this period, the metabolic energy of diet should be generally improved, and the content of protein should be relatively reduced. In the fattening period, the energy of broilers should generally reach 12.54 megajoules per kilogram, and the crude protein should be around 15%. In order to reach this level, it is often necessary to increase animal fat.
2. Grazing fattening is adopted during the fattening period, so that chickens can eat natural insects, leaves and weeds and save feed. On the other hand, it can improve the meat taste of chicken and make the appearance and meat quality of Shanghai chicken better. During the fattening period, the activities and range of exercise of chickens should be reduced to facilitate fattening.
3, do a good job in epidemic prevention, pay attention to pest control, deratization and cleaning and disinfection. To prevent diseases.