In psychological experiments, it can be divided into two categories: humans and animals. According to different research purposes, it can be normal adults, middle school students, primary school students, disabled people, mental patients and so on. It can also be mice, monkeys, chickens, dogs and other animals. The task of the subjects is to finish some homework carefully according to the requirements of the examiner. You must meet certain conditions and do it strictly according to the experimental requirements or test instructions. Only in this way can the experiment be carried out smoothly and the experimental results can be reliable.
Subject classification
In psychological experiments, it can be divided into two categories: humans and animals. According to different research purposes, it can be normal adults, middle school students, primary school students, disabled people, mental patients and so on. Can also be chickens, dogs, rats, monkeys and other animals. This topic is to complete certain tasks according to the requirements of the examiner. It is necessary to meet certain conditions and strictly follow the experimental requirements or instructions in order to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment and the reliability of the experimental results.
What is the subject effect?
Hawthorne effect is a psychological term, also known as "subject effect", which refers to "the experimental deviation caused by the subject's cognition and attitude towards his subject identity".
From 65438 to 0924, the National Research Council of the United States organized a research group composed of psychologists, and conducted a series of nine-year experiments centered on the relationship between production efficiency and working conditions in the Hawthorne factory of the American western electric appliance company, trying to find ways to improve labor productivity by improving working conditions.
However, the results were unexpected: whether the working conditions (light, rest time, factory temperature, etc.) were improved or not, the output of the experimental group increased. There is a mysterious inconsistency between traditional assumptions and observed behaviors, which social psychologists call the Hawthorne effect.
The workers who participated in the experiment realized that they were "concerned", so they had a sense of belonging that they had never had before, which invisibly enhanced the overall concept, the concept of doing something and the concept of completing the task, and the labor productivity was improved. There is a "conversation experiment" in this series of experiments, that is, in more than two years, experts have talked with workers for more than 20 thousand times.
It is stipulated that workers should listen patiently to various opinions and dissatisfaction with the factory during the conversation, and must not refute or reprimand, and make detailed records. "Heart-to-heart experiment" makes workers feel concerned and can vent their inner dissatisfaction, thus making them feel comfortable, redoubling their work enthusiasm and greatly improving their output. Hawthorne effect shows that the fundamental factor affecting production efficiency is not working conditions, but workers' satisfaction.
The higher the satisfaction, the higher the morale and the higher the work efficiency. High satisfaction comes from the satisfaction of personal needs, not only material needs, but also spiritual needs, that is, "the needs of being concerned", "the needs of being listened to" and "the needs of harmonious atmosphere".