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Guide to preventing infant injuries in nurseries
In order to implement the spirit of "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Care Services for Infants under the Age of 3" (Guo Ban Fa [20 19] 15), our Committee has made recommendations according to the Standards for the Establishment of Child Care Institutions (Trial) and the Standards for the Management of Child Care Institutions (Trial) (National Health Population Development [20/KLOC-0)
Injury is an important health threat faced by children, resulting in a heavy burden of disease. The occurrence of infant injury is related to many factors such as their own physiological and behavioral characteristics, the situation of being taken care of, the environment and so on. Common injury types include suffocation, falling injury, burn, drowning, poisoning, foreign body injury, road traffic injury and so on. A large amount of evidence shows that the injury is not an accident and can be prevented and controlled.
Nursery institutions should protect the safety and health of infants to the maximum extent, do a good job in injury prevention and control, establish an injury prevention and control monitoring system, and formulate an emergency plan for injury prevention and control, focusing on five aspects: First, according to the requirements of existing laws and relevant regulations, implement the main responsibility of safety management, improve and refine the safety protection system, and conscientiously implement various safety measures. The second is to investigate and eliminate the hidden dangers of environmental safety in kindergartens and improve the level of environmental safety. Third, standardize and strengthen the care of infants. Fourth, carry out injury prevention education and skills training for employees, parents and children. Fifth, strengthen the training of employees' first aid skills and equip them with basic first aid supplies.
This guide mainly aims at the common types of injuries of infants under 3 years old, such as suffocation, falls, burns, drowning, poisoning, foreign body injuries, road traffic injuries, etc. To provide technical guidance and reference for managers and staff of kindergartens to carry out injury prevention from the aspects of safety management, improving environment and strengthening nursing.
1. Prevent infant asphyxia?
Asphyxia refers to the state of blood hypoxia caused by internal or external obstacles of respiratory tract. Common causes of infant asphyxia include being covered by bedding, adult bodies, plastic bags, etc. Inhale and swallow food, small items, vomit, etc. Blocking the airway; Airway stenosis caused by neck rope; Staying in a confined space for a long time leads to hypoxia, etc.
(1) safety management.
Formulate and implement detailed management rules for preventing infant asphyxia, which mainly include: regularly checking and eliminating the risk of asphyxia caused by infant's living environment and recreational sports equipment; Infant sleep, feeding care and management; Safety management of infant clothing and toys; Conduct safety education and skills training for employees to prevent infant asphyxia.
(2) improve the environment.
1. Put ropes, plastic bags, small pieces of food, small items and other items that may cause the baby to wrap around his neck or suffocate, out of the reach of the baby.
2. Before and after using toys and children's products. Check whether the parts, decorations and buttons are in good condition. Damaged, detached or lost.
3. Eliminate potential safety hazards that may jam the baby's head and neck in guardrails, furniture and recreational sports equipment.
4. Set protective facilities in enclosed spaces such as cabinets and tool rooms to prevent babies from entering.
(3) Strengthen nursing.
1. When the baby sleeps, check whether the nose and mouth are covered by bedding and clothes and remove them in time.
2. Don't feed food that is easy to cause suffocation; Keep quiet when infants eat, and avoid running and jumping, slapstick and other behaviors.
3. When infants play on recreational sports equipment, strengthen nursing to avoid suffocation caused by drawstring and lattice.
Second, the prevention of infant falls
Falling injury refers to the physical injury caused by people accidentally falling to the ground, floor or other low-level events. Common causes of infant falls include: slipping; Falling from furniture, stairs or entertainment equipment; Falling from the balcony, etc. Infants and young children are in the process of developing their athletic ability, and falls are common. Nursery institutions should strengthen protection to prevent infants from falling.
(1) safety management.
Formulate and implement a management system to prevent infants from falling. The main contents include: strictly implementing the relevant provisions of the Code for Architectural Design of Nurseries and Kindergartens (version 20 19); Regularly investigate and eliminate the risk of falling injuries of infants' living environment and entertainment and sports equipment; Safety care and management of children's play and entertainment, going up and down stairs, sleeping and other activities; Safety management of infant clothing and toys; Conduct safety education and skills training for employees to prevent babies from falling.
(2) improve the environment.
1? The ground should be smooth, non-slip, barrier-free and without sharp protrusions, and soft turf should be used; Remove furniture, wires, toys and other objects that may trip the baby. ?
2. Stair doors are installed at the stairs to ensure that babies cannot open them.
3. Standardize the installation of recreational sports equipment, and use soft pavement around the equipment.
4. The crib has a guardrail.
5. Climbing furniture or facilities should not be placed around windows, stairs and balconies.
6. Corners, window sills, heating covers, vertical edges of windows and other external corners should be rounded, and furniture should be rounded or protected.
(3) Strengthen nursing. ?
1. Staff communicate with parents and choose shoes, clothes and other clothes suitable for infants. ?
2. When changing diapers and clothes for the baby, the staff should concentrate on nursing, always stay close, and can't leave halfway.
3. When infants and young children use recreational sports equipment or go up and down stairs, the staff should strengthen nursing and keep close to infants and young children to ensure that infants and young children are within sight.
4. Before infants and young children do sports, check the safety of sports environment, equipment and facilities.